nixos: add grsecurity module (#1875)

This module implements a significant refactoring in grsecurity
configuration for NixOS, making it far more usable by default and much
easier to configure.

 - New security.grsecurity NixOS attributes.
   - All grsec kernels supported
   - Allows default 'auto' grsec configuration, or custom config
   - Supports custom kernel options through kernelExtraConfig
   - Defaults to high-security - user must choose kernel, server/desktop
     mode, and any virtualisation software. That's all.
   - kptr_restrict is fixed under grsecurity (it's unwriteable)
 - grsecurity patch creation is now significantly abstracted
   - only need revision, version, and SHA1
   - kernel version requirements are asserted for sanity
   - built kernels can have the uname specify the exact grsec version
     for development or bug reports. Off by default (requires
     `security.grsecurity.config.verboseVersion = true;`)
 - grsecurity sysctl support
   - By default, disabled.
   - For people who enable it, NixOS deploys a 'grsec-lock' systemd
     service which runs at startup. You are expected to configure sysctl
     through NixOS like you regularly would, which will occur before the
     service is started. As a result, changing sysctl settings requires
     a reboot.
 - New default group: 'grsecurity'
   - Root is a member by default
   - GRKERNSEC_PROC_GID is implicitly set to the 'grsecurity' GID,
     making it possible to easily add users to this group for /proc
     access
 - AppArmor is now automatically enabled where it wasn't before, despite
   implying features.apparmor = true

The most trivial example of enabling grsecurity in your kernel is by
specifying:

    security.grsecurity.enable          = true;
    security.grsecurity.testing         = true;      # testing 3.13 kernel
    security.grsecurity.config.system   = "desktop"; # or "server"

This specifies absolutely no virtualisation support. In general, you
probably at least want KVM host support, which is a little more work.
So:

    security.grsecurity.enable = true;
    security.grsecurity.stable = true; # enable stable 3.2 kernel
    security.grsecurity.config = {
      system   = "server";
      priority = "security";
      virtualisationConfig   = "host";
      virtualisationSoftware = "kvm";
      hardwareVirtualisation = true;
    }

This module has primarily been tested on Hetzner EX40 & VQ7 servers
using NixOps.

Signed-off-by: Austin Seipp <aseipp@pobox.com>

nixos/modules/config/sysctl.nix

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ let
 
   sysctlOption = mkOptionType {
     name = "sysctl option value";
-    check = x: isBool x || isString x || isInt x;
+    check = x: isBool x || isString x || isInt x || isNull x;
     merge = args: defs: (last defs).value; # FIXME: hacky way to allow overriding in configuration.nix.
   };
 
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ in
         <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  Note that sysctl
         parameters names must be enclosed in quotes
         (e.g. <literal>"vm.swappiness"</literal> instead of
-        <literal>vm.swappiness</literal>).  The value of each parameter
-        may be a string, integer or Boolean.
+        <literal>vm.swappiness</literal>).  The value of each
+        parameter may be a string, integer, boolean, or null
+        (signifying the option will not appear at all).
       '';
     };
 
@@ -39,7 +40,9 @@ in
   config = {
 
     environment.etc."sysctl.d/nixos.conf".text =
-      concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (n: v: "${n}=${if v == false then "0" else toString v}\n") config.boot.kernel.sysctl);
+      concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (n: v:
+        optionalString (v != null) "${n}=${if v == false then "0" else toString v}\n"
+      ) config.boot.kernel.sysctl);
 
     systemd.services.systemd-sysctl =
       { description = "Apply Kernel Variables";
@@ -65,8 +68,9 @@ in
 
     # Hide kernel pointers (e.g. in /proc/modules) for unprivileged
     # users as these make it easier to exploit kernel vulnerabilities.
-    boot.kernel.sysctl."kernel.kptr_restrict" = 1;
-
+    #
+    # Removed under grsecurity.
+    boot.kernel.sysctl."kernel.kptr_restrict" =
+      if config.security.grsecurity.enable then null else 1;
   };
-
 }