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FCC Allocation Listing
8/89
Frequency Detail
(MHz)
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
.535 - 1.705 LOCAL BROADCAST - STANDARD NORTH AMERICA, AM BAND
1.427 - 1.429 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
1.705 - 1.800 FIXED SERVICE - LAND/MOBILE/MARINE
1.800 - 2.000 HAM, AMATEUR - 160 METERS
2.000 - 2.107 MARITIME MOBILE
2.000 - 2.500 MARINE, COASTWISE
2.107 - 2.170 FIXED SERVICE - LAND/MOBILE/MARINE
2.170 - 2.194 LAND MOBILE SERVICE
2.194 - 2.300 FIXED SERVICE
2.200 - 2.300 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
2.300 - 2.495 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 120 METERS
2.495 - 2.505 TIME STANDARD
2.505 - 2.850 FIXED SERVICE - LAND/MOBILE/MARINE
2.850 - 3.155 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE - TRANSOCEANIC FLIGHTS
3.155 - 3.200 FIXED SERVICE
3.200 - 3.400 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 90 METERS
3.400 - 3.500 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE - TRANSOCEANIC FLIGHTS
3.500 - 3.750 CW, AMATEUR - 80 METERS, CW, EXTRA
3.500 - 4.000 HAM, AMATEUR - 80/75 METERS
3.525 - 3.750 CW, AMATEUR - 80 METERS, CW, ADVANCED, GENERAL
3.700 - 3.750 CW, AMATEUR - 80 METERS, CW, NOVICE, TECHNICIAN
3.750 - 4.000 PHONE, AMATEUR - 75 METERS, PHONE, EXTRA
3.775 - 4.000 PHONE, AMATEUR - 75 METERS, PHONE, ADVANCED
3.850 - 4.000 PHONE, AMATEUR - 75 METERS, PHONE, GENERAL
3.900 - 4.000 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 75 METERS
4.000 - 4.000 TIME STANDARD - NEW WARC ALLOCATION REGION 3
4.000 - 4.063 FIXED SERVICE
4.000 - 9.000 MARINE, HIGH SEAS AND INLAND WATERWAYS
4.063 - 4.438 MARITIME MOBILE - SHIP/SHORE
4.438 - 4.650 FIXED SERVICE
4.650 - 4.750 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE - TRANSOCEANIC FLIGHTS
4.750 - 5.060 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 60 METERS
5.000 - 5.000 TIME STANDARD - WWV
5.005 - 5.450 FIXED SERVICE
5.450 - 5.730 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE - TRANSOCEANIC FLIGHTS
5.730 - 5.950 FIXED SERVICE
5.950 - 6.200 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 49 METERS
6.200 - 6.525 MARITIME MOBILE - SHIP/SHORE
6.525 - 6.765 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE - TRANSOCEANIC FLIGHTS
6.765 - 7.000 FIXED SERVICE
7.000 - 7.150 CW, AMATEUR - 40 METERS, CW, EXTRA
7.000 - 7.300 HAM, AMATEUR - 40 METERS
7.025 - 7.150 CW, AMATEUR - 40 METERS, CW, ADVANCED, GENERAL
7.100 - 7.150 CW, AMATEUR - 40 METERS, CW, NOVICE, TECHNICIAN
7.100 - 7.300 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 41 METERS
7.150 - 7.300 PHONE, AMATEUR - 40 METERS, PHONE, EXTRA, ADVANCED
7.225 - 7.300 PHONE, AMATEUR - 40 METERS, PHONE, GENERAL
7.300 - 8.195 FIXED SERVICE
7.335 - 7.335 TIME STANDARD - CHU CANADA
8.000 - 8.000 TIME STANDARD - NEW WARC ALLOCATION REGION 3
8.195 - 8.815 MARITIME MOBILE - SHIP/SHORE
8.400 - 8.500 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
8.815 - 9.040 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE - TRANSOCEANIC FLIGHTS
9.040 - 9.500 FIXED SERVICE
9.500 - 9.900 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 31 METERS
9.775 - 9.995 FIXED SERVICE
10.000 - 10.000 TIME STANDARD - WWV
10.003 - 10.005 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
10.005 - 10.100 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE - TRANSOCEANIC FLIGHTS
10.100 - 10.150 HAM, AMATEUR - 30 METERS, CW ONLY
10.100 - 11.175 FIXED SERVICE
11.175 - 11.400 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE - TRANSOCEANIC FLIGHTS
11.400 - 11.650 FIXED SERVICE
11.650 - 12.050 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 25 METERS
12.000 - 22.000 MARINE, HIGH SEAS
12.050 - 12.330 FIXED SERVICE
12.330 - 13.200 MARITIME MOBILE - SHIP/SHORE
13.200 - 13.360 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE - TRANSOCEANIC FLIGHTS
13.360 - 13.600 FIXED SERVICE
13.600 - 13.800 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - NEW WARC ALLOCATION
13.800 - 14.000 FIXED SERVICE
14.000 - 14.150 CW, AMATEUR - 20 METERS, EXTRA
14.000 - 14.300 AMATEUR - 20 METERS
14.000 - 14.350 HAM, AMATEUR - 20 METERS
14.025 - 14.150 CW, AMATEUR - 20 METERS, ADVANCED, GENERAL
14.150 - 14.350 PHONE, AMATEUR - 20 METERS, EXTRA
14.175 - 14.350 PHONE, AMATEUR - 20 METERS, ADVANCED
14.225 - 14.350 PHONE, AMATEUR - 20 METERS, GENERAL
14.350 - 14.995 FIXED SERVICE
14.800 - 15.350 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
15.000 - 15.000 TIME STANDARD - WWV
15.010 - 15.100 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE - TRANSOCEANIC FLIGHTS
15.100 - 15.600 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 19 METERS
15.600 - 16.460 FIXED SERVICE
16.460 - 17.360 MARITIME MOBILE - SHIP/SHORE
17.360 - 17.550 FIXED SERVICE
17.550 - 17.900 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 16 METERS
17.900 - 18.030 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE - TRANSOCEANIC FLIGHTS
18.030 - 18.780 FIXED SERVICE
18.068 - 18.168 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
18.780 - 18.900 MARITIME MOBILE - SHIP/SHORE
18.900 - 19.680 FIXED SERVICE
19.680 - 19.800 MARITIME MOBILE - SHIP/SHORE
19.800 - 21.000 FIXED SERVICE
19.995 - 20.010 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
21.000 - 21.200 CW, AMATEUR - 15 METERS, EXTRA
21.000 - 21.450 HAM, AMATEUR - 15 METERS
21.025 - 21.200 CW, AMATEUR - 15 METERS, ADVANCED, GENERAL
21.100 - 21.200 CW, AMATEUR - 15 METERS, NOVICE, TECHNICIAN
21.100 - 21.400 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
21.200 - 21.450 PHONE, AMATEUR - 15 METERS, EXTRA
21.225 - 21.450 PHONE, AMATEUR - 15 METERS, ADVANCED
21.300 - 21.450 PHONE, AMATEUR - 15 METERS, GENERAL
21.450 - 21.850 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 13 METERS
21.850 - 22.000 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE
22.000 - 22.720 MARITIME MOBILE - SHIP/SHORE
22.210 - 22.500 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
22.720 - 23.200 FIXED SERVICE
23.200 - 23.350 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE
23.350 - 24.990 FIXED SERVICE
24.890 - 24.930 CW, AMATEUR - 12 METERS, EXTRA, ADVANCED, GENERAL
24.890 - 24.990 HAM, AMATEUR - 12 METERS
24.930 - 24.990 PHONE, ANATEUR - 12 METERS, EXTRA, ADVANCE, GENERAL
25.000 - 25.000 TIME STANDARD
25.005 - 25.010 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
25.010 - 25.330 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
25.330 - 25.600 GOVERNMENT FREQUENCY
25.600 - 26.100 SHORTWAVE BROADCAST - 11 METERS
26.100 - 26.480 LAND MOBILE SERVICE
26.480 - 26.950 GOVERNMENT
26.950 - 26.960 INTERNATIONAL FIXED SERVICE
26.960 - 27.410 CITIZEN'S BAND - 11 METERS
27.410 - 27.540 LAND MOBILE SERVICE
27.540 - 28.000 GOVERNMENT
28.000 - 28.300 CW, AMATEUR - 10 METERS, EXTRA, ADVANCED, GENERAL
28.000 - 29.700 HAM, AMATEUR - 10 METERS
28.100 - 28.200 CW, AMATEUR - 10 METERS, NOVICE, TECHNICIAN
28.300 - 28.500 PHONE, AMATEUR - 10 METERS, NOVICE, TECHNICIAN
28.300 - 29.700 PHONE, AMATEUR - 10 METERS, EXTRA, ADVANCE, GENERAL
29.700 - 29.800 FORESTRY SERVICE
29.800 - 29.890 FIXED SERVICE
29.890 - 29.910 GOVERNMENT
29.910 - 30.000 FIXED SERVICE
30.000 - 46.610 BUSINESS BAND, GOVERNMENT
30.005 - 30.010 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
34.200 - 34.700 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
36.000 - 37.000 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
39.986 - 40.020 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
40.980 - 41.015 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
46.610 - 47.000 PORTABLE PHONES/BASE
47.000 - 49.670 BUSINESS BAND
49.670 - 49.970 PORTABLE PHONES/HANDSET
49.830 - 49.890 BABY MONITORS
50.000 - 54.000 AMATEUR RADIO - 6 METERS
50.200 - 50.400 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
54.000 - 72.000 VHF TELEVISION (CH 2 - 4)
54.200 - 58.200 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
72.000 - 76.000 MODEL RADIO CONTROL, AVIATION AND INDUSTRY
76.000 - 88.000 VHF TELEVISION (CH 5 - 6)
88.000 - 108.000 LOCAL BROADCAST - STANDARD NORTH AMERICA, FM BAND
108.000 - 117.950 AVIATION NAVIGATION (TERMINAL VOR, ILS)
116.000 - 126.000 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
118.000 - 136.000 AVIATION COMMUNICATION
136.000 - 138.000 WEATHER SATELLITE, GOVERNMENT, BUSINESS
137.000 - 144.000 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
138.000 - 144.000 GOVERNMENT (MILITARY BASES)
144.000 - 148.000 AMATEUR RADIO - 2 METERS
148.000 - 151.000 GOVERNMENT
150.000 - 151.000 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
151.000 - 156.250 BUSINESS BAND (POLICE, FIRE)
156.000 - 162.000 MARINE, INLAND
156.250 - 157.425 MARINE BAND
157.450 - 160.200 BUSINESS BAND (POLICE, FIRE)
160.200 - 161.600 RAILROAD (161.600 IS MARINE BAND)
161.605 - 161.795 BUSINESS BAND (RADIO AND TV REMOTES)
161.800 - 162.000 MARINE BAND (TELEPHONE)
162.000 - 174.000 GOVERNMENT, SOME BUSINESS (RADIO AND TV REMOTES)
162.400 - 162.550 NOAA WEATHER
174.000 - 216.000 VHF TELEVISION (CH 7 - 13)
174.500 - 176.500 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
200.000 - 202.000 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
216.000 - 220.000 MARITIME MOBILE
220.000 - 222.000 LAND MOBILE RADIO
220.000 - 225.000 AMATEUR - 3/4 METERS
225.000 - 329.000 GOVERNMENT (MILITARY AVIATION)
225.000 - 400.000 BOTH CIVILIAN AND GOVERNMENT.
235.000 - 238.000 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
272.000 - 273.000 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
329.000 - 335.000 GOVERNMENT (AIRPORT GLIDE SLOPE NAVIGATION)
335.000 - 400.000 GOVERNMENT (MILITARY AVIATION)
400.000 - 420.000 GOVERNMENT (BASE WALKIE/TALKIES, PAGERS, ETC)
400.100 - 402.000 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
403.000 - 406.000 SPACE RESEARCH FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
420.000 - 450.000 AMATEUR RADIO - 70 CENTIMETERS
450.000 - 470.000 BUSINESS BAND (POLICE, FIRE, RADIO AND TV REMOTES)
470.000 - 890.000 UHF TELEVISION (CH 14 - 83)
806.000 - 810.000 BUSINESS BAND (CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS, MOBILE INPUT)
810.000 - 816.000 PUBLIC SAFETY (SLOW GROWTH SYSTEMS, MOBILE INPUT)
816.000 - 821.000 BUSINESS BAND (TRUNKED SYSTEMS, MOBILE INPUT)
821.000 - 825.000 LAND MOBILE SATELLITE SERVICE (MOBILE INPUT)
825.000 - 835.000 CELLULAR TELEPHONE NON-WIRELINE (MOBILE INPUT)
835.000 - 845.000 CELLULAR TELEPHONE WIRELINE (MOBILE INPUT)
845.000 - 850.000 CELLULAR TELEPHONE (EXPANSION, MOBILE INPUT)
851.000 - 855.000 BUSINESS BAND (CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS, BASE OUTPUT)
855.000 - 861.000 PUBLIC SAFETY (SLOW GROWTH SYSTEMS, BASE OUTPUT)
861.000 - 866.000 BUSINESS BAND (TRUNKED SYSTEMS, BASE OUTPUT)
866.000 - 870.000 LAND MOBILE SATELLITE SERVICE (SATELLITE OUTPUT)
870.000 - 880.000 CELLULAR TELEPHONE NON-WIRELINE (BASE OUTPUT)
880.000 - 890.000 CELLULAR TELEPHONE WIRELINE (BASE OUTPUT)
890.000 - 895.000 CELLULAR TELEPHONE (EXPANSION, BASE OUTPUT)
895.000 - 902.000 LAND MOBILE RADIO (MOBILE INPUT)
902.000 - 928.000 AMATEUR RADIO SERVICE RESERVE
928.000 - 930.000 MULTI-ADDRESS PAGING
930.000 - 931.000 ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PAGING
931.000 - 932.000 COMMON CARRIER PAGING
932.000 - 935.000 GOVERNMENT/PRIVATE SHARED
935.000 - 941.000 LAND MOBILE RADIO (BASE OUTPUT)
941.000 - 944.000 GOVERNMENT/PRIVATE SHARED
944.000 - 947.000 BROADCAST STUDIO TO TRANSMITTER LINK
947.000 - 952.000 BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES
952.000 - 960.000 MICROWAVE RELAY AND PAGING
956.262 - 956.437 PRIVATE FIXED SERVICE - SIGNALLING AND CONTROL
959.862 - 959.987 COMMON CARRIER RADIO SERVICE - WIDE AREA PAGING
960.000 - GHZ1215 AVIATION SERVICES - NAVAIDS DME
GHZ1215 - GHZ1240 GOVERNMENT
GHZ1240 - GHZ1300 AMATEUR RADIO, GOVERNMENT
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
This File Downloaded From Havana Moon's "Los Numeros" On-Line
Call 408-973-9111 For More Information!
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

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Your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT
Barry Simon
Copyright (c) 1986, by Barry Simon
Written expressly for and posted on Compuserve's IBM Forum. May
only be reproduced commercially with the author's permission. May
only be distributed with this copyright notice intact.
Introduction
During the startup of an IBM or IBM compatible computer, the
operating system looks for two files of user supplied commands which
allow you to customize your system in various ways. This article
will attempt to explain some of the options available to you when
you make these basic files. While I have written it for the
relative novice, I hope it may provide some useful new tricks even
to the more experienced user.
These two files whose names must be CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT
should reside in the root directory of your boot diskette or of your
hard disk if you have a bootable hard disk (i.e. if you can start
your system from your hard disk without placing a diskette in drive
A).
Actually, there is a method for placing the AUTOEXEC.BAT file in a
subdirectory but despite the fact that I tend to be fanatical about
keeping my root directory lean, I don't recommend using this option.
When you turn on your computer, the CPU is setup to begin a program
in the ROM (read only memory) that all IBM compatible machines have.
This ROM is distinct from and in addition to the working RAM (random
access memory). When you are sold a machine with 256K of memory,
that figure refers to the RAM. There is an additional 16K-32K of
ROM. RAM is cleared whenever you turn off your machine or reboot
while the ROM is permanently burned in and should not change.
Booting Up
The program that is automatically run from ROM begins with a brief
test (POST="power on self test") of various components of your
computer.
If you have an XT or AT, the most noticeable part is the memory(RAM)
test accompanied by counting up the memory on your screen as the
test progresses. This test is skipped when you do a warm reboot by
hitting Ctrl-Alt-Del. You may also notice your drives and printer
"burping" as they get tested.
After this test, the machine searches for various "ROM extensions"
that is additional ROM that can come with a hard disk or EGA card
for example.
The program then searches first drive A and then a hard disk if you
have a bootable hard disk for a diskette or disk program to transfer
control to. It transfers control to the very first sector on the
disk which is called the boot sector.
When you format a diskette, a little program is placed in the boot
sector which will display the message "non system disk, replace
and hit any key".
When you transfer the operating system to the disk with the SYS
command or via FORMAT/S, this boot sector program is changed to
transfer control to a program which must be in the position
immediately following the boot sector.
If the disk has the system on it, control is transferred
successively to two hidden files which load the BIOS ("basic
input/output system" part of which is in ROM) and the DOS ("Disk
operating system").
When most users think of DOS they think of the familiar prompt and
copy,.... commands. These parts of the DOS are only loaded later;
the part in the hidden file involves services provided by DOS to
programmers rather than directly to users.
The two hidden files are called "IBMBIOS.COM" and "IBMDOS.COM" in
PC-DOS and may have different names on other computers although
surprisingly, the names persist even on some non-IBM brands!
Parenthetically, I want to note that there isn't really much hidden
about hidden files. As you may know, the DIRectory you are used to
display gets its information from a special file also called the
directory.
This file is essentially a little database with information about
each file including the filename, extension, date and time of
creation. One byte in the record for each file is called the
attribute byte and contains eight "switches" to keep track of things
like whether the file is a volume label, read only, etc.
One of these switches is whether the file is "hidden". To anyone
with any programming experience or with any of a large number of
public domain or commercial programs, these files are not in any
sense hidden.
The basic DOS services like DIR and COPY are specially set up to
ignore hidden files and that is the only sense in which these files
are hidden.
The two system files are hidden because their location is critical
for a successful boot-up and they are less likely to be moved by
accident if they are hidden.
After the second hidden file is mainly loaded, it looks for a
special file called "CONFIG.SYS" and processes the commands in it.
Then control is passed to the third file in the operating system,
COMMAND.COM. As the final step in booting up, COMMAND.COM looks
for a file names AUTOEXEC.BAT and if found it loads it and runs
it. If not found, COMMAND.COM exits with the DATE and TIME
commands.
Except for its special status as a bootup file, the AUTOEXEC.BAT
file is an ordinary BATch file with the usual rules of syntax.
The CONFIG.SYS file has a special syntax with a limited number of
allowed commands. Both must be pure ASCII files, that is without
any special formatting codes that some word processors add.
Many word processors which have special codes have a "non-document"
mode for preparing ASCII files. These files have separate lines
which must be ended with carriage return/line feed pairs. If you
have any doubts about whether the file is "pure ASCII" you can use
the TYPE command to display it on the screen and see if it just has
ordinary letters and numbers.
What goes in your root directory
When a subdirectory fills up, it adds another cluster of disk space
to increase its size but the size of the root directory is fixed at
the time the diskette or disk is formatted. It is not merely
because of the size restriction that I recommend that you keep your
root directory slight.
Since the files in the root are likely to be of diverse type, it
will be difficult to keep track of things if you put too much there.
I mainly put subdirectories there and mainly subdirectories which
have no files but only subsubdirectories.
For example, I have a words subdirectory with my word processor,
outliner, thesaurus, etc in subsubdirectories.
Generally, there are only three files that I recommend go into the
root: COMMAND.COM, CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT. As I mentioned,
one can put AUTOEXEC.BAT elsewhere and even COMMAND.COM but I feel
that is carrying things too far.
In fact, I even have a startup.bat file of the type I'll describe
there but the point is to keep that directory thin and to complain
bitterly about software so inconsiderate that it forces you to place
it in the root directory.
My point in mentioning this here is that I'm about to discuss device
drivers which many people put in the root directory. If you like to
be organized, I recommend you make a directory for device drivers
(mine is called \bin\devices).
Another option is to put the drivers in different directories with
each driver in with related files so, for example, the drivers that
come with DOS are kept in the same directory as the other DOS
programs or the mouse driver is with the other mouse software.
Device drivers
There are a group of programs which are made permanently resident
and which are loaded as part of the CONFIG.SYS. Virtually any
resident program can be produced in this format but certain ones
must be of this form.
Typically, console drivers and any program which controls "a device"
must be loaded now. Most virtual disks and print spoolers also are
loaded as device drivers.
While device drivers are programs, they need not have the extension
"com" or "exe". In fact, so far as I can tell their extension can
be anything that you wish. Nevertheless virtually all commercially
available device drivers have the extension "sys".
Some drivers are available with the extension "dev". The syntax
for loading a device driver in your CONFIG.SYS is
device=<path><name><parameters>
so if you have a device foo.sys in the directory \bin\devices of
drive C: and it will take a numeric parameter to set the size of
some buffer, you might load it with
device=C:\bin\devices\foo.sys 128
Note that it is essential to include the extension "sys" or else
you will get an error message "bad or missing foo". The drive
letter C: is not required but it can't hurt and I know of one
person who claimed the device driver on her machine couldn't be
found without it.
The question of which parameters a given device driver allows or
whether it allows any at all depends on the driver and should be
dealt with in the documentation for the program in question.
For the drivers ANSI.SYS and VDISK.SYS which come with DOS, I note
that the former takes no parameters while the later takes parameters
explained in the DOS manual. DOS 3.2 comes with a third driver
called DRIVER.SYS while some versions of MSDOS 3.2 comes with an
alternate ram disk called RAMDRIVE.SYS. Both take parameters.
Examples of Device Drivers: the default drivers
I will not attempt to describe all available device drivers since
there are so many. For example, Chris Dunford, one of the sysops
of Compuserve has written public domain programs which installs
"devices" to control screen blanking (BURNDEV) and another allowing
you to send control sequences easily to your speaker (SPKR).
These represent examples where a real "device" is installed. A
device is a virtual file which can typically be written too and read
from. The most common example is "con" which you typically read
from when you issue the command "copy con filename".
Devices can only be installed via the CONFIG.SYS. Despite the name,
the device command can load other programs which do not control
devices and physical "devices" may not be devices in the sense of
setting up a virtual file. A mouse is a good example of something
which is not a device in this technical sense.
The hidden file IBMDOS sets up several devices even if you have no
CONFIG.SYS: con, prn, aux, lpt1, lpt2, lpt3, com1, com2. Con, short
for console is a combined keyboard/monitor device, prn for printer
is by default a name for lpt1 and aux a name for com1.
The DOS mode command allows reassignment of these devices. LPTn
and COMn are names for the parallel and serial ports on the
computer. These device names are assigned even if you don't have
the full complement of ports.
Examples of Device Drivers:Console Drivers
The most common device driver to install is a console driver which
replaces the default console driver. Some of these replacements
attempt to address the notoriously slow display speed of the
monitors and/or the annoying flicker on the color graphics display.
In addition some of the escape sequences of the 1977 console
standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) are
implemented. These sequences include ways of controlling colors,
cursor position and some DOS level keyboard macros. (They are
described in my article ANSI.ART).
One console driver of this type called ANSI.SYS is supplied with DOS
and takes about 2K of resident memory. It does not address the
speed of display issue but it does implement several ANSI escape
sequences.
There are numerous programs which assume the ANSI.SYS is installed
to operate properly (as well as a few that don't work properly if
ANSI.SYS is installed!) so it is wise to install ANSI or an
equivalent driver even if you do not want to use its features
yourself. Actually, it is not hard to use the driver at the DOS
level to set colors, set up a fancy prompt or redefine keys.
There are several alternatives available to ANSI.SYS which you might
want to consider. NANSI.SYS is a public domain program which speeds
up scrolling (when combined with RAW mode by a factor of about 2)
and provides some additional ANSI escape commands at a cost of only
3K of RAM.
FANSI CONSOLE and TALL SCREEN are two commercial programs (listing
for $75 and $49 respectively) taking much more memory (around 60K
with a reasonable amount of screen save memory) providing many more
services: faster scrolling (FANSI only), screen blanking (FANSI
only), DOS command line editing and recall (TALL SCREEN ONLY),
screen memory and keyboard enhancements as well as additional
features.
While it is most natural to control scrolling by a device driver,
there is at least one commercial com program which takes over the
console by a different method and speeds up scrolling my a factor of
six or more (FLICKER FREE).
I am quite happy with FANSI but I have friends whose computer taste
I trust using both NANSI and TALL SCREEN so the choice is not clear.
And FLICKER FREE is an intriguing program whose second release
(which will support the EGA) I eagerly await.
Examples of Device Drivers:Other drivers
If you have a Lotus/Intel/Microsoft EMS board or AST EEMS board, you
will need to load a device driver to access this extended memory.
Often the command will require various parameters to specify the
amount of memory being set aside and various items like the region
of conventional memory used for swapping and the port number to use.
Be warned if you are setting up a CONFIG.SYS file for the first time
that you may already have a CONFIG.SYS file which was made for you
when you installed the EMS software that came with your board.
Since this likely has the correct parameters, you should make your
own CONFIG.SYS file by starting with this one and continuing from
there. It is possible that you will need to load the EMS driver
before anything else.
I can report that if I try to load FANSI-CONSOLE on my AT before the
EMS driver that Intel supplies with my Above Board AT, the EMS
driver refuses to load and gives me the error message that my
machine is "not a close enough AT compatible"!
Also be warned that while there is an EMS "standard", this refers to
the way EMS works once the driver that comes with your board is
installed. More likely than not, drivers from different companies
are incompatible and if you need a second EMS board, it will have to
come from the company that supplied your first (this warning does
not apply to extended memory on the AT but only to expanded EMS
memory).
Some older hard disks are not self booting and require a device
driver loaded in your CONFIG.SYS but that is not so common any more.
DOS 3.2 has a program called DRIVER.SYS which is a device driver to
initialize external 3.5 inch drives if you have one on an XT or AT.
By far the most common drive device driver is to operate a RAM disk,
that is a segment of RAM set aside as a fast virtual disk. There
are com files loaded after the CONFIG.SYS which set up such drives
but generally it is more sensible to use a device driver for this.
DOS 3.x comes with a program VDISK.SYS to set up a RAM disk. This
disk can operate in conventional or AT extended memory. It wil not
set up a RAM disk in EMS memory but most EMS boards come with device
drivers to set up RAM disks in EMS.
In addition Microsoft WINDOWS comes with a RAM disk device driver
(which can be run independently of WINDOWS) and which can be set up
in conventional, AT extended or EMS memory. Given Microsoft's
experience and the care they have lavished on WINDOWS, I'd recommend
using the WINDOWS RAM disk driver if you have it in preference to
alternatives and, in particular to VDISK which also comes from
Microsoft.
However, if you are loading other programs that use AT extended
memory, you may want to stick with VDISK because the specification
that IBM uses to access AT extended memory is published while that
of Microsoft is not and so other programs may clobber the Window's
RAM DISK driver.
If you want to set up more than one RAM disk, you can include more
than one line loading a RAM disk driver in your CONFIG.SYS file.
You can normally load the same driver twice or use different driver
if you prefer. Be warned that there is typically a few K overhead
in conventional memory to load a RAM disk and you will pay this
overhead more than once if you load more than one RAM disk.
Print spoolers set aside some memory to receive printer output and
then send that output to your printer as a background process. I
regard them as a tremendous productivity tool. While there exist
print spoolers loading as com files, many are loaded as device
drivers.
The Microsoft Mouse requires software to install it so your system
will recognize the mouse. The mouse comes with two versions of this
software: MOUSE.SYS which is loaded as a device driver in your
CONFIG.SYS and MOUSE.COM which is loaded later, typically in your
AUTOEXEC.BAT.
I do not believe there is any particular reason to prefer one over
the other. Microsoft recommends using the device driver on all
systems but the 3270 machines. If you are using Software Carousel,
you'll want to use the com file in various partitions rather than
the device driver.
As you may know you can place remarks in your BATch files and in
particular in your AUTOEXEC.BAT. This is useful if you want to
temporarily run your system without some resident program that is
usually loaded in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. You need only "remark it
out", i.e. add the phrase "REM " at the beginning of the line
including it.
Technically, remarks are not allowed in CONFIG.SYS files. If you
insert the word "REM" at the start of a line in your CONFIG.SYS file
you will get the message
Unrecognized command in CONFIG.SYS
However, since the rest of the line is not acted on, this procedure
will have the desired effect of "commenting out" the line in
question so you should not hesitate to use it.
ECHO also doesn't work in CONFIG.SYS so there is no direct way of
placing messages on the screen during the loading of the CONFIG.SYS
However, there is a public domain program called COMMENT.SYS which
allows you to echo comments to the screen via
device=path\comment.sys <message>
There is no stay resident part of comment.sys so you don't waste
memory, only time, by using it. If you are a color freak, you can
first load an ANSI compatible console driver and then use
COMMENT.SYS to send color setting escape sequences to the screen
and so see most of your bootup in living color!
The FILES command
DOS is a prisoner of its past. Original IBM PC's came with only
16K of memory (!) so when DOS boots up it sets aside memory for
various purposes in an incredibly frugal manner. The defaults for
three regions of memory set aside for file handles, disk buffers and
environment are woefully inadequate. If you know what you are
doing, it is easy to change these defaults but it's unfortunate that
the novice gets stuck with these small values.
In any event, FILES and BUFFER commands are among the most important
for you to include in your CONFIG.SYS. When DOS opens a file, it
keeps certain information in memory to be able to quickly access the
file. This information is called a file handle.
During bootup, memory is put aside for these file handles so a limit
is placed on the number of files that can be open at one time. The
default is eight which may seem adequate since programs normally
close files when they are done allowing the file handles to be
reused.
However, eight is often not adequate. DOS uses four of the handles
itself for "files" like con and prn. Thus there are four available
for your programs.
Some resident programs leave files open and even the ones that
don't, may need to open a file for an initial access at the same
time that an application program have several files open.
Database programs often have separate index and data files and
typically may want to have more than four open files. If DOS is
asked to open a file and a handle is not available, DOS issues an
error message and the running program may even abort. I strongly
recommend that you place the line
FILES=20
in your CONFIG.SYS file. Indeed since the cost of increasing files
is less than 40 bytes per handle, you could even use a number larger
than 20. For most purposes 20 should suffice but ever since it
wasn't enough for me in a rather specialized situation, I've taken
files=30 myself.
BUFFERS
You may have heard of disk caching. As you've noticed, diskette
access is very slow and even a hard disk has access times 100 fold
grater than RAM access times.
Disk caching sets aside some RAM to keep a copy of the most recently
accessed disk information so, for example, if a database is
continually accessing a disk, the first time the disk is really read
but the next time the copy in cache memory will be read instead.
This is not the place to discuss the pros and cons of commercial
disk caching software but you should know that DOS comes with some
free rudimentary disk caching included. It keeps N buffers of 512
bytes each with the copies of the last N disk sectors accessed.
By default N is only two (three on the AT). You should certainly
make this number larger by including the line
BUFFERS=N
in your CONFIG.SYS where recommended values of N are between 10
and 25.
Let me tell you an anecdote to show how dramatic a difference this
number can make. The first time that I ran my tape backup drive
to backup my 30 meg hard disk, I was bitterly disappointed.
Despite what I'd been told by the salesman, it took over 45 minutes!
The next day, when I thought about it and tried again, it took only
8 minutes!
What had happened? The first time I had been nervous about the
effect my many resident programs might have so I put an original
write protected DOS disk in drive A and rebooted before running the
backup software.
This disk had no CONFIG.SYS so I was running with the default three
buffers. The next day, I used my regular hard disk boot with
buffers=20 and that made the difference. I have done some time
tests comparing something as simple as copying a directory from a
hard disk to a floppy and I've found that using extra buffers can
decrease times by 30 or 40 percent. So USE YOUR FREE DISK CACHING.
The issue of precisely how many buffers to take is not an easy one.
Increasing the number of files handles has little effect on memory
or efficiency so you can freely take files=99 if the mood strikes
you. This is not so with buffers.
Each buffer takes .5K of RAM so buffers add up. Moreover at some
point it will take DOS longer to check through all its buffers
looking to see if a file is there than it would take it to access it
directly. I've seen the number 25 given as a dividing line but I
would like to do some tests to check this out. I can only say that
I've settled on buffers=20 myself and that with a floppy based
system, you should take a higher figure than you might with a hard
disk.
Increasing your environment
DOS sets up a special section of memory called the environment which
has a default size of 160 bytes. This area must hold your path,
your prompt, the place that COMMAND.COM can be found and various
other strings.
Programs can communicate with you by asking you to place information
in the environment with the SET command. In addition you can keep
global variables in the environment to pass between BATch files.
If you attempt to place more there than it has room for you'll get a
message "Out of environment space". With DOS 3.1 and later there is
a CONFIG.SYS command allowing you to increase the amount of space
reserved for your environment.
There are known patches for earlier versions DOS which are listed
for example in my article on ANSI.SYS. The procedure is documented
in DOS 3.2 and so presumably it will be a permanent feature of DOS.
It is undocumented in DOS 3.1. The syntax is
shell=C:\command.com /P /E:nnn
where n is the number of bytes you want to set aside for the
environment.
For DOS 3.1 nnn represents the number of 16 byte paragraphs you want
to set aside. So for a 512 byte environment take nnn=32 in DOS 3.1
and 512 in DOS 3.2. Obviously with a floppy based system, replace
C: by A:
How much space do you need for your environment? That depends on
your path, applications and how fancy a prompt you make. My advice
is to do nothing until you have a problem at which point you should
remember that there is something that you can do.
For more advanced users, I note that the environment is not as
benign as you might think. I know of several programs which crashed
if there was too much in the environment (most of the ones I know
about have been fixed) and one that crashed if the PATH was the last
thing set in the environment. I have occasionally been baffled at
what could be causing a conflict only to discover the culprit was
the environment.
Miscellaneous CONFIG.SYS commands
There are some other commands that can go in your CONFIG.SYS:
- You can turn BREAK ON that is have the operating system check
for control C more often than just during disk I/O. This slows
down certain processing but gives you more safety from certain
kinds of dead ends. The syntax is a line saying
BREAK=ON
Unlike any other CONFIG.SYS command, this one can also be issued
from the DOS command line or in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
- In addition to file handles, DOS has something call file
control blocks which in DOS 3.x can be changed by an FCBS
command. These are needed only if you have a LAN (local area
network) and the parameters to take should be discussed by your
LAN software.
- DOS 3.2 has a STACK command. From what I've read this is a
real cludge and the manual seems to suggest that it was added at
the last minute to solve a problem connected with a new way that
DOS3.2 treats the stack. In any event, if you use DOS 3.2 and
seem to have unexplained crashes, try adding
STACK=20
to your CONFIG.SYS.
- DOS 3.1 and later allows you to use the SUBST command to assign
drive letters to directories. In addition, with several RAM
disks you may want to assign a letter beyond the default last
drive of E. DOS 3.x allows you to add a command
LAST DRIVE = ?
where ? is a letter and then you can assign any drive up to and
including that letter. Even a last drive=z only takes about 1K
of RAM.
- There is a COUNTRY command to control things like the time
format. The default is USA.
One final remark about your CONFIG.SYS. The order of the commands
is irrelevant except to the extent that certain device drivers like
to be loaded before others (and if you are loading two RAM disks of
different sizes you may care which is assigned which letter). As
with most DOS commands the syntax is not case sensitive.
As a review of what a CONFIG.SYS can contain, let me list the
CONFIG.SYS from one of my machines which is running DOS 3.2:
break=on
buffers=20
device=C:\bin\intel\emm.sys M3 I5 D
device=C:\bin\devices\fconbeta.dev
/C=1/S=2000/H=0/V=0/R=200/L=1/W=1
device=C:\bin\devices\ramdrive.sys 1024 512 128 /A
device=C:\bin\devices\ramdrive.sys 1300 512 64 /E
device=C:\bin\devices\atqlpt1.sys 1644,1,3
device=C:\bin\devices\mouse.sys
files=30
lastdrive=z
shell=C:\command.com /P /E:512
What should your AUTOEXEC.BAT contain?
Most of my AUTOEXEC.BAT file loads my own particular blend of
resident programs. This is not the place for me to advise you on
what resident programs you might want to put into your system but
I would like to make some comments about DOS and general aspects of
what goes into your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
First, if you have very many resident programs, they may have
conflicts and you must be prepared to permute the order of loading
which often cures some or all of the conflicts.
For technical reasons I won't go into here it really does pay to
listen to SIDEKICK's demand to be loaded last although you need not
take all the other Borland program demands quite so seriously.
In addition to loading a stable of resident programs your
AUTOEXEC.BAT can contain some of the following:
- a VERIFY ON command. This slows down copying because DOS
checks that the copy at least has consistent CRCs; this is not
the same as comparing after copying but it is a fairly good
check.
Only several compensating errors could pass this test after an
incorrect copy.
- set a PROMPT. At a minimum use
prompt=$p$g
Mine uses ANSI.SYS to set colors and place the path and date on
the bottom line of my screen
- set a PATH. If possible, keep your path short since every
time you type in a bad command, DOS will have to read every
directory in the path before responding "Bad command or
filename". Also try to list the path in the order of how many
times you expect to access a given directory. That is place
the directories you call most often early in your path. If
you have a RAM disk, place its directories first in the path.
If you have a relatively large RAM disk, think about copying
your BATch file directory and the programs you call often to
that RAM disk and place that RAM disk first in your path.
- If you have a large RAM disk, consider copying COMMAND.COM to
it and placing the command
SET comspec=D:\command.com
in your AUTOEXEC.BAT (assuming D: is your RAM disk). Even
without a large RAM disk, it is worthwhile to do this on a
floppy based system. What the command does is tell DOS to look
there when it needs to reload COMMAND.COM (large programs will
overwrite a part of COMMAND.COM and when they exit, DOS will
try to reload COMMAND.COM. With the above command, you'll no
longer get "Place a disk with command.com in drive A: and hit
any key to continue".)
- It really is important to put the proper date and time in your
system. Be sure to include the DATE and TIME commands or else
be sure to get a clock and place the appropriate commands
setting the system time from the clock into your AUTOEXEC.BAT
file.
- if you want to keep track of how often you boot, keep a record
in a convenient directory. Make a file called junk consisting
only of a carriage return line feed and include the lines
date >>directory\logon <junk
time >>directory\logon <junk
You will then get the lines
Current date is Wed 7-23-1986
Enter new date (mm-dd-yy):
Current time is 16:29:22.70
Enter new time:
for each time you bootup. With CED, EBL or some other programs
you can get this record in a more elegant fashion without the
"Enter new ..." lines.
Speed and Memory tips
Some final remarks about tricks to minimize memory usage and speedup
your bootup procedure. When DOS loads any program it saves a copy
of the current environment in memory, one copy for each program.
It doesn't force the copy to be as large as the empty space that
you've set aside via a shell command but only to keep in full the
present value of all environmental variables. Thus you can save
memory by keeping the environment small while your AUTOEXEC.BAT file
is loading your resident programs. Two variables are always
present: path and comspec. I start my AUTOEXEC.BAT file with a line
Path=A
This is incorrect syntax and gets ignored when the path is needed.
I have to be sure to put down full path names of all the programs
that I load but that speeds processing any ways. I reset the path
and set the prompt at the end of my AUTOEXEC.BAT after I've loaded
my resident programs.
Given my fancy prompt, I save almost 200 bytes per resident program
from what would happen if I set my path and prompt at the beginning
of my AUTOEXEC.BAT. In total I save several K of RAM: not a lot but
every little byte helps.
BATch files are read by DOS a line at a time so BATch files really
do get processed much faster from a RAM disk than from a floppy.
There is a smaller difference between a hard disk and a RAM disk.
If you have a RAM disk and a floppy based system, it is well worth
your while to place what would have been your AUTOEXEC.BAT in a file
called startup.bat and have your AUTOEXEC.BAT read:
copy startup.bat C:
C:startup.bat
assuming your RAM disk is C:. To conserve space, you can have the
last line in startup.bat say
erase C:startup.bat
You'll get a "batch file missing" error message but other than that
the method will work perfectly. This procedure can also be used on
a hard disk. The savings when I did it on my hard disk was two
seconds out of about 65 so you may not feel it is worth your while.
You can slightly speed up processing of BATch files especially from
floppies by using the FOR...IN...DO command to combine several
commands in one line. For example, if you want to copy
\bin\batfiles, \bin\dump and \bin\opsys to your RAM disk you might
try
for %%a in (\bin\batfiles \bin\dump \bin\opsys) do copy %a C:\
>nul
if C: is your RAM disk. This can actually cut about 10% off a long
AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
Several warnings are in order.
First, FOR...IN...DO parse the list at spaces so you can't combine
commands which have parameters in this way.
Secondly, I strongly recommend against using this device to load
resident programs particularly if you plan to use Kokkenen's
MARK/RELEASE package.
Summary
By using your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files you can personalize
many aspects of your PC.
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CONFIGURING VPIC
VPIC must be configured to run correctly with your display board. The
configuration process tells VPIC:
1. The title you want for the menu.
2. What VGA chip you have, so it can use the proper bank switching routine.
3. How much memory you have (in 64K banks).
4. The menu color you want (background:foreground).
5. How to set the various modes you want to use.
If you aren't sure which VGA chip your board uses, you can run WHICHVGA, which
will try to identify your VGA chip and the amount of memory you have. Also check
VGABOARD.DAT for a list of some of the VGA boards each chip was used on. If this
doesn't work, you can remove the display board and look at the label on the
large chip with leads coming out all four sides. Sometimes, you can tell without
removing the board by using DEBUG (or Turbo Debugger, Codeview, or any debugger)
and 'dumping' the contents of display BIOS. To do this, enter DEBUG at the DOS
prompt and you will get a - prompt. Then enter d C000:0 to display the first
part of display BIOS. To dump more of BIOS, juts enter d. You may recognize the
chip manufacturers name here, such as ATI, Trident, Tseng, Paradise, etc. To
exit DEBUG, just enter q.
If WHICHVGA comes back with VESA, that means that your board supports the VESA
standard, which offers a standard interface for VPIC to your SuperVGA display
adapter. It defines the SuperVGA extended modes that your card will do, and has
a standard interface for setting the mode and bank switching, etc. You may have
received a VESA `Terminate and Stay Resident' (TSR) program with your VGA board.
If so, you are encouraged to use it, since it more or less guarantees that VPIC
will work with your display card. The only disadvantage of VESA is concerned
with scrolling the VGA screen, since there is no standard interface for setting
the top of screen beyond 16 bits (line 81 at 800x600x256, line 102 at
640x480x256, or line 204 at 320x200x256). This version of VPIC automatically
reads the VESA info from your display BIOS, and uses the VESA interface. If you
enter VPIC with the /v option, VESA info is ignored and VPIC uses the
configuration file info.
The current VPIC config file VGA chip names and the VGA chip manufacturers are:
VGA Chip Manufacturer/version Comments
=================================================================
AHEADA Ahead ver A Older Ahead cards.
AHEADB Ahead ver B Ahead VGA Wizard/Deluxe.
ATIOLD ATI, 1024x768x16 mode 65h ATI ver 1 chip, VGAWonder
ATINEW ATI, 1024x768x16 mode 55h ATI ver 2 up chip, VGAWonder+
CIRRUS Cirrus CL-GD 500/600 MaxLogic MaxVGA boards NOT SUPPORTED YET
CHIPSTECH Chips & Technology 82C452 Cardinal, Older Boca
EVEREX Original Everex chip
EVBIOS Everex 673, etc Has bank switching built into BIOS
GENOA Genoa (Sim ET 3000) 5300/6300 = 256K, others = 512K
HEADLAND Headland HT-208 Used on VGA-1024i
OAK Oak
PARADISE Paradise Older Paradise cards
TRI88BR Trident TVGA 8800BR Used on older Trident boards, 128K banks.
TRI88CS Trident TVGA 8800CS Used on newer Trident boards (Maxxon, Logix)
TRI89 Trident TVGA 8900 Latest Trident VGA chip, 1M memory avail.
TS3000 Tseng ET 3000 Used on early Genoa, Orchid, others
TS4000 Tseng ET 4000 Recent Orchid, STB, other, 1M memory avail.
TS4000HI Tseng ET 4000 HiColor Does 32K colors to 800x600, 1M memory avail.
WD90C Western Digital WD90C00 Recent Paradise cards, same operation.
VIDEO7 Video 7 Earlier Video 7 boards, BIOS bank switching.
ZYMOS Zymos Poach 51 True Tech HiRes and others.
VESA VESA Standard For boards which have VESA in BIOS.
As new chips become available, they will be added to this list. Run WHICHVGA to
find your VGA chip (works most of the time), and then run CONFIG and find a CFG
file using that VGA chip. Check that the modes agree with the graphics modes in
your manual (16 and 256 color modes only); if they match your card exactly, use
that CFG file by pressing ENTER. If not, copy the closest file to a new filename
with extension CFG and change the modes to agree with your manual. Make the
title and menu color whatever you like (see CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT). Then
rerun CONFIG, pick that file, and press ENTER to configure VPIC. There are
numerous configuration files which come with VPIC, but there are so many boards
out there that I can't list all of them.
MENU CONFIGURATION
To configure VPIC, make sure that VPIC, CVPIC, CONFIG, and all the .CFG files
are in the current directory. By running the CONFIG program, VPIC can be
configured from a menu. CONFIG lists all the configuration files (with a .cfg
extension) in the current directory, and shows you the contents of each as you
move around the list using the cursor keys. ESCape aborts the CONFIG program
without changing VPIC, and ENTER configures VPIC for the highlighted file.
Pressing a letter key jumps to next filename starting with that letter (or
number).
MANUAL CONFIGURATION
You can use CVPIC to configure VPIC manually by entering
CVPIC config_file[.ext]
where the default extension is .cfg.
CONFIGURATION FILE (.CFG) FORMAT
CVPIC ignores leading spaces and blank lines in the file, and all characters
after a semicolon are considered comments and ignored. The .CFG file contains
the following lines, which can be up to 150 characters in length each:
1. Board name, which will appear in the VPIC menu. This is user defineable,
and could be something like 'Joe's VGA Board'.
2. VGA CHIP should be one of the names supported by VPIC; see above. Upper
or lower case is OK.
3. The number of 64K banks of display ram usable for pictures (1 for
standard VGA (no extended modes), 4 for 256K, 8 for 512K, 16 for 1M).
4. Menu text color. A number whose value is (background*16 + foreground).
The allowable background colors are 0 thru 7, and the allowable
foreground colors are 0 thru 15. This number is easiest to figure if
entered in hex (prefixed by 0x); then the 1st digit is the background
color (0-7) and the 2nd digit is the foreground color (0-F). The digits
correspond to black (0), blue (1), green (2), aqua (3), red (4),
violet (5), brown (6), and white (7), and the digits 8-F are intensified
versions of the 0-7. For example, 0x3E would tell VPIC to use bright
yellow text on an aqua background. CONFIG gives the value in hex, and the
corresponding foreground-background colors.
5 thru n. The following lines describe the modes supported by the board.
Each line is of the form: F1 F2 AX BX CX DX W H C G P where:
* F1 = VGA (256 color) mode flag.
* F2 = 256K colors to choose from flag (as in mode 12h, 640x480x16 or
any 256 color mode).
* AX,BX,CX,DX register values used to set this mode. Preceeding the
numbers by 0x indicates hex; ie., 0x10 = 16.
* W, H, C are width, height, colors in this mode.
VESA.CFG ONLY
* G is the VESA Granularity in Kilobytes; you only need to specify this
if WHICHVGA returned VESA and a Granularity of less than 64K for a
mode; ie, if the Granularity for a mode was 4K, use 4 for this field.
* P is the number of color planes; usually 1 for 256 color modes and 4
for 16 color modes. However, the ATI in 1024x768x16 uses 1 plane and
2 pixels/byte.
All the VGA (256 color) modes should be grouped first, followed by the EGA
(16 color) modes.
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============= 2400B HAYES MODEM COMMANDS LIST =============
Here is a list of the S-registers used by Hayes modem. Please be aware
that not all modems support these registers and that some modems may
have more registers than are listed.
ALL S REGISTER COMMANDS ARE ENTERED IN THE AT COMMAND LINE.
EXAMPLE: AT S8=2 S2=43 S7=30
TO READ THE VALUE IN ANY REGISTER USE
AT SX? <CR>
THE MODEM SHOULD ECHO THE VALUE FOUND IN THE REGISTER X
REG Values Register function
S0 0 AUTO ANSWER OFF
1-255 AUTO ANSWER ON, ANSWER ON INDICATED # OF RINGS
S1 **0-255 RING COUNT (THIS IS A READ-ONLY REGISTER)
S2 0-127 ESCAPE CHARACTER NORMALLY SET TO 43 OR "+"
127-255 ESCAPE FUNCTION DISABLED
S3 0-127 END OF LINE CHARACTER NORMALLY SET TO 13 (CR)
S4 0-127 LINE FEED CHARACTER NORMALLY SET TO 10 (LF)
S5 0-127 BACKSPACE CHARACTER NORMALLY SET TO 8 (BS)
S6 2-255 SEC PAUSE BEFORE DIALING (NORMALLY 2 SEC)
S7 1-255 SEC WAIT FOR CARRIER (NORMALLY SET TO 30 SEC)
S8 0-255 SEC PAUSE FOR COMMA IN DIAL STRING (NORMALLY SET TO 2 SEC)
S9 1-255 .1SEC CARRIER VALIDATION TIME NORMALLY 6 (.6 SEC)
S10 1-255 .1SEC LOSS OF CARRIER DISCONNECT DELAY NORMALLY 14 (1.4 SEC)
S11 50-90 .1SEC BETWEEN NUMBER DIAL DELAY. UNDOCUMENTED. IMPROVE DIAL
SPEED. I LIKE 55. THE DEFAULT IS 90.
S12 20-255 .02SE ESCAPE SEQENCE PAUSE NORMALLY 50 (1.0 SEC)
S13 * POWER UP ASYNC DATA FORMAT (USE CHART BELOW)
S14 * OPTION STATUS (USE CHART BELOW)
S16 * TEST STATUS (USE CHART BELOW)
S18 0-255 SEC TEST TIMER (REMOTE TEST)
S21 * OPTION STATUS (USE CHART BELOW)
S22 * OPTION STATUS (USE CHART BELOW)
S23 * OPTION STATUS NORMALLY 07 (USE CHART BELOW)
S25 0-255 SEC DTR DETECT DELAY NORMALLY 5 SEC
ASYNC MODE, SYIC AUTO-DIAL AND SYIC MANUAL DIAL MODE .05 SEC
S26 0-255 MS RTS TO CTS DELAY (1 MS)
S27 * OPTION STATUS (USE CHART BELOW)
* REGISTERS USED BY MODEM PROCESSOR. DO NOT ALTER THESE
** READ ONLY REGISTERS
S13 DATA FORMAT:
POSITION VALUE FUNCTION
BIT 0 - NOT USED
BIT 1 - NOT USED
BIT 2 0 PARITY OFF
1 PARITY ON
BIT 3 0 ODD PARITY
1 EVEN PARITY
BIT 4 0 7 DATA BITS
1 8 DATA BITS
BIT 5 0 BIT 8=0
1 BIT 8=1
BIT 6 - NOT USED
BIT 7 - NOT USED
S14 DATA FORMAT:
BIT 0 - NOT USED
BIT 1 0 LOCAL CHARACTER ECHO OFF
1 LOCAL CHARACTER ECHO ON
BIT 2 0 STATUS DISPLAYS ON
1 STATUS DISPLAYS OFF
BIT 3 0 STATUS CODES SENT
1 STATUS MESSAGES SENT
BIT 4 0 MODEM RESPONDS TO COMMANDS
1 MODEM IGNORES COMMANDS
BIT 5 0 TONE-DIALING
1 PULSE-DIALING
BIT 6 - NOT USED
BIT 7 0 ANSWER MODE
1 ORIGINATE MODE
S16 DATA FORMAT:
BIT 0 0 ANALOG LOOP OFF
1 ANALOG LOOP ACTIVE
BIT 1 - NOT USED
BIT 2 0 DIGITAL LOOP OFF
1 DIGITAL LOOP ACTIVE
BIT 3 0 REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP REQUESTED BY OTHER MODEM IS OFF
1 REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP REQUESTED BY OTHER MODEM IS ACTIVE
BIT 4 0 REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP OFF
1 REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP ACTIVE
BIT 5 0 SELF TEST RDL OFF
1 SELF TEST RDL ACTIVE
BIT 6 0 SELF TEST ANALOG LOOP OFF
1 SELF TEST ANALOG LOOP ACTIVE
BIT 7 - NOT USED
S21 DATA FORMAT:
BIT 0 0 RJ11/RJ41/45 JACK TYPE
1 RJ12/FJ13 JACK TYPE
BIT 1 - NOT USED
BIT 2 0 CTS FOLLOWS RTS
1 CTS FORCED ON
BIT 3&4 0 MODEM IGNORES DTR
1 MODEM ASSUMES COMMAND STATE WHEN DTR TURNS OFF
2 MODEM ASSUMES COMMAND STATE AND DISABLES AUTO-ANSWER
WHEN DTR TURNS OFF
3 MODEM RESETS WHEN DTR TURNS OFF
BIT 5 0 DCD FORCED ON
1 DCD FOLLOWS CARRIER
BIT 6 0 DSR FORCED ON
1 DSR BEHAVES NORMALLY
BIT 7 0 LONG SPACE DISCONNECT DISABLED
1 LONG SPACE DISCONNECT ENABLED
S22 DATA FORMAT:
BIT 0&1 1 LOW SPEAKER VOLUME
2 MEDIUM SPEAKER VOLUME
3 HIGH SPEAKER VOLUME
BIT 2&3 0 SPEAKER ALWAYS OFF
1 SPEAKER ON UNTIL CARRIER DETECTED
2 SPEAKER ALWAYS ON
3 SPEAKER OFF DURING DIALING THEN ON UNTIL CARRIER DETECTED
BIT 4&5&6 0 X COMMAND IN EFFECT
4 X 1 COMMAND IN EFFECT
5 X 2 COMMAND IN EFFECT
6 X 3 COMMAND IN EFFECT
7 X 4 COMMAND IN EFFECT
BIT 7 0 39/61 MAKE/BREAK RATIO (PULSE DIALING)
1 33/67 MAKE/BREAK RATIO
S23 DATA FORMAT:
BIT 0 0 REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP REQUEST DENIED
1 REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP REQUEST GRANTED
BIT 1&2 0 0-300 BPS
1 600 BPS
2 1200 BPS
3 2400 BPS
BIT 3 - NOT USED
BIT 4&5 0 EVEN PARITY
1 PARITY BIT ALWAYS 0
2 ODD PARITY
3 PARITY BIT ALWAYS 1
BIT 6&7 0 NO GUARD TONES
1 550 HZ GUARD TONE
2 1800 HZ GUARD TONE
S27 DATA FORMAT:
BIT 0&1 0 ASYNCRONOUS MODE
1 ASYNC/SYNC MODE
2 SYNC AUTO-DIAL
3 SYNC MANUAL DIAL
BIT 2 0 PUBLIC PHONE LINE
1 LEASED LINE
BIT 3 - NOT USED
BIT 4&5 0 INTERNAL CLOCK USED
1 EXTERNAL CLOCK USED
2 SLAVED CLOCK USED
BIT 6 0 CCITT V.22 PROTOCOL (1200 BPS)
1 BELL 212A (1200 BPS)
BIT 7 - NOT USED
OTHER MODEM COMMANDS:
AT STANDARD LEAD IN SEQUENCE (ATTENTION)
ATA FORCE ANSWER
ATD DIAL (ATD ###-#####)
P PULSE (ATDP ###-####)
T TONE (ATDT ###-####)
ATE1 ENABLE LOCAL CHARACTER ECHO
ATE0 DISABLE LOCAL CHARACTER ECHO
ATH1 FORCE LINE CONNECT
ATH0 FORCE LINE DISCONNECT
ATI ECHO VERSION TYPE
ATL1 SPEAKER VOLUME LOW
ATL2 SPEAKER VOLUME MEDIUM
ATL3 SPEAKER VOLUME HIGH
ATM0 SPEAKER ALWAYS OFF
ATM1 SPEAKER ON EXCEPT WHILE CARRIER PRESENT
ATM2 SPEAKER ALWAYS ON
ATM3 SPEAKER ON EXCEPT WHILE DIALING AND CARRIER PRESENT
ATO GO ONLINE AFTER ESCAPE OR WHILE IN COMMAND MODE
ATQ0 STATUS DISPLAY ON
ATQ1 STATUS DISPLAY OFF
ATV0 STATUS MESSAGES SENT
ATV1 STATUS CODES SENT
ATX0 "CONNECT" (CODE 1) ALL SPEEDS NO DIAL TONE DETECTION
ATX1 "CONNECT" (CODE 1) 0-300 BPS OR "CONNECT 1200" FOR 1200 OR
"CONNECT 2400" FOR 2400 BPS NO DIAL TONE DETECTION
ATX2 WAIT FOR DIAL TONE (CONNECT SPEEDS SHOWN AS FOR X1)
ATX3 DETECT BUSY SIGNAL (CONNECT SPEEDS SHOWS AS FOR X1)
ATX4 WAIT FOR DIAL TONE, DETECT BUSY SIGNAL (CONNECT SPEEDS SHOWS AS FOR X1)
ATZ RESET TO POWER UP CONDITION (CLEARS ALL REGISTERS)
2400 MODEM SPECIAL COMMANDS: (* = FACTORY SETTING STANDARD)
ATB0 CCITT V.22 AT 1200 BPS
ATB1 BELL 212A AT 1200 BPS *
AT &F RESTORE TO FACTORY CONFIGURATION
AT &G NO GUARD TONE *
AT &G1 550 HZ GUARD TONE
AT &G2 1800 HZ GUARD TONE
AT &J RJ11/RJ41S/RJ45 JACK *
AT &J2 RJ12/RJ13 JACK
AT &L REGULAR PHONE LINE *
AT &L1 LEASED LINE
AT &M ASYNC OPERATION *
AT &M1 ASYNC/SYNC OPERATION
AT &M2 SYNC AUTO DIAL
AT &M3 SYNC MANUAL DIAL
AT &P 39/61 PULSE MAKE/BREAK RATIO *
AT &P1 33/67 PULSE MAKE/BREAK RATIO
AT &T4 GRANT RDL TEST REQUEST *
AT &T5 DENY RDL TEST REQUEST
AT &W WRITE CURRENT REGISTERS TO NON-VOL-MEMORY (KEEP FOR POWER UP)
AT &X SYNC CLOCK INTERNAL *
AT &X1 SYNC CLOCK EXTERNAL
AT &X2 SYNC CLOCK SLAVED
AT &Z STORE DIAL COMMAND LINE
DATA INTERFACE (2400)
AT &C DCD ALWAYS ON *
AT &C1 DCD ON WHILE CARRIER PRESENT
AT &D DTR IGNORED *
AT &D1 DTR FAIL DISCONNECT ENABLED (MODEM RETURNS TO COMMAND MODE)
AT &D2 DTR FAIL DISCONNECT ENABLED (MODEM RETURNS TO COMMAND MODE, TURN
AUTO ANSWER OFF)
AT &D3 DTR FAIL DISCONNECT ENABLED (RESET MODEM)
This information provided to you by David Scheall. I can be reached at
CompuServ 71360,2662 or at GEnie by sending mail to address D.Scheall.
I hope you find this usefull!

bbs/KEELYNET/PD/index.gemini
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# PD
Files Explaining Various Public Domain Programs
## FILES
=> gemini://informis.land/textfiles/bbs/KEELYNET/PD/bandplan.asc [ 14080] FCC Allocation Listing (August, 1989)
=> gemini://informis.land/textfiles/bbs/KEELYNET/PD/config.asc [ 39832] Your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT, by Barry Simon (1986)
=> gemini://informis.land/textfiles/bbs/KEELYNET/PD/config.txt [ 7853] Configuring VPIC (VGA Chips)
=> gemini://informis.land/textfiles/bbs/KEELYNET/PD/hayescmd.asc [ 8576] A 2400 Baud Hayes Modem Command Listing, by David Scheall
=> gemini://informis.land/textfiles/bbs/KEELYNET/PD/spud.asc [ 5128] Pay-Up Time for Shareware, by Patrician Keefe (April 1st, 1991)
=> gemini://informis.land/textfiles/bbs/KEELYNET/PD/tones2.asc [ 15869] Description of the TONES2 Program by Roberto Artigas (November 29, 1992)
=> gemini://informis.land/textfiles/bbs/KEELYNET/PD/virus.asc [ 80195] The Dirty Dozen: An Uploaded Program Alert List by Eric Newhouse and Tom Neff (April 4, 1988)
=> gemini://informis.land/textfiles/bbs/KEELYNET/PD/vpic.doc [ 52019] The VPIC Users' Manual (A Picture File Viewing Conversion Program) by Bob Montgomery (1990)
=> gemini://informis.land/textfiles/bbs/KEELYNET/PD/vpic.txt [ 6759] The VPIC v4.6 Reference Card, by Bob Montgomery (1991)
bbs/KEELYNET/PD/spud.asc
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(word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2)
Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
PO BOX 1031
Mesquite, TX 75150
April 4, 1991
SPUD.ASC
--------------------------------------------------------------------
This article is from ComputerWorld - April 1, 1991
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Pay-up time for Shareware
by Patrician Keefe
Guilt over unregistered shareware use was the impetus behind SPUD
March 17 was SPUD day, in case you didn't know, and we're not
talking about the butter-laced carbs St. Patrick's Day partiers wash
down with green beer.
Early reports indicated that SPUD, or Shareware Pay-Up Day, was
probably not as popular as was the wearing of the green. But it may
pack some punch in the long run if the Association of Shareware
Professionals (ASP) decides to put some effort into publicizing it
as an annual event.
SPUD is the fruit of the fertile mind of shareware user Paul Pease,
a high-technology writer and planner based in Palo Alto, Calif. The
idea, he said, was to spur guilt-ridden, unregistered shareware
users into writing some long overdue checks.
Pease is not talking big bucks per individual user. Shareware
ranges from $10 to $200 for a full-fledged package. Some purveyors
don't even charge. "There's one guy who has 'smileware.' Payment
consists of smiling at someone. Another guy has 'beerware.' He
only asks that you have a beer and send him a postcard saying so."
Pease chuckled.
Money adds up
If enough satisfied users register after trying out their software
for 30 days, it can add up to significant income for individual
shareware authors.
ASP President Paul Mayer, who also heads up Zpay Payroll Systems,
Inc. in St. Petersburg, Florida, said he has made enough money from
shareware to quit his onetime "day job," buy a spacious house in
Florida and, on some days, sit poolside answering support questions.
Data Storm Technologies, Inc., with its ProComm product, and
ButtonWare, Inc., each had more than $3.5 million in revenue last
year. Mayer added.
Successes like these come despite the fact that ASP members
estimated that a paltry 1% to 10% of users of their packages ever
bother to register. Users of business programs are the most likely
to pay.
Page 1
Until now, the ASP never thought to designate a SPUD of its own. In
fact, the group has specific rules against what Mayer calls
"nagware." One such example of nagware is having a screen pop up
every five minutes demanding payment.
"Mostly what we worry about are those who do register. We want to
give them the best service possible," he said. Because most
shareware providers do not advertise, except through bulletin boards
and the occasional shareware catalog, Mayer figures that a better
product means more registrations. He will even service
nonregistered users who call in with questions, reasoning that they
will either register on the spot or tell their friends, some of whom
might ante up.
"There's no pressure. We just hope people will respect our quality
and effort and provide some reimbursement," Mayer explained.
However, SPUD has Mayer thinking.
"It was a great idea; it just needs more publicity," he said, adding
that the ASP is thinking about making it an annual event.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have comments or other information relating to such topics
as this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the
Vangard Sciences address as listed on the first page.
Thank you for your consideration, interest and support.
Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
--------------------------------------------------------------------
If we can be of service, you may contact
Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 2
bbs/KEELYNET/PD/tones2.asc
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(word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2)
Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
PO BOX 1031
Mesquite, TX 75150
There are ABSOLUTELY NO RESTRICTIONS
on duplicating, publishing or distributing the
files on KeelyNet except where noted!
November 29, 1992
TONES2.ASC
--------------------------------------------------------------------
This file shared with KeelyNet courtesy of Paul Radelat.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Hi there! TONES2 is a program that generates tones for paranormal
studies. I didn't download it but got it from some people who were
promoting the author's software. I've had a copy in my hard drive
for a year, so I'm sure it's pretty bug free. You have some nice
files, although unfortunately, I already have most of the material
you have in your files, as I've found since reading your files. But
still there are others out there who may not be aware of this, so
you guys are doing a great service. Anyway, hope this program is of
value.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
The following text was removed directly from the program help
listing to allow you to print it and study for use of the program.
We at KeelyNet would appreciate your sharing of any unusual effects
you might experience from experimenting in such areas. THANKS..
Jerry/Ron/Chuck at KeelyNet
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Program: TONES
Version: 1.3
Date: 12/7/1990
Author: Roberto Artigas Jr.
P.O. Box 281415
Memphis, TN 38168-1415
Copyright: (c) 1990,1991,1992
All rights reserved.
This program is to be used for entertainment purposes. This program
has been known to produce ALTERED states of consciousness. You are
RESPONSIBLE to make sure that you are in an ALERT, FULLY CONSCIOUS
STATE before attempting to perform ANY other action!
This program is to be given free of charge to all those who want a
copy. You may charge up to $10.00 for the service of duplication
and distribution.
If you feel this program has provided you with a useful service,
please send a donation of $10.00 to the author. This will provide
for further creation of new products. Thank you!
Disclaimer and Limitation of Liability:
Due to the complex nature of computer software, Robert Artigas Jr.
Page 1
DOES NOT WARRANT that this software is completely error-free, will
operate without interruption, or is compatible with all equipment or
software configurations.
ROBERT ARTIGAS JR. MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, WITH
RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT WILL ROBERTO ARTIGAS JR. BE LIABLE
FOR INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT
LIMITATION, LOSS OF INCOME, USE OF INFORMATION, EFFECTS OF THE
SOFTWARE, NOR SHALL THE LIABILITY OF ROBERT ARTIGAS JR. EXCEED
THE AMOUNT DONATED FOR THE SOFTWARE.
Use of this program constitutes an acceptance of the above
conditions.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
This is a simple computer program that produces tones on the
computer speaker ranging from 18.21Hz to 655.35Hz. This range is
dictated by the limitations of the simple personal computer
hardware. However, this program provides a relative inexpensive way
(you get the program free), to study the effects of specific sound
frequencies on your mind and body.
The program lists the frequency requested and the frequency
calculated. These will be different at times. The reason for this
is again the simple personal computer hardware. This is also the
reason you CAN NOT produce all the frequencies you would want
exactly.
The program with all it's limitations, is still a useful tool to
study the effect of the 'High Beta' range of frequencies.
Please, feel free to write and comment on this program, and let me
know what results you achieve. If you find any specific frequencies
that achieve the same results consistenly, write and let me know. I
will include these frequencies in future versions of the
documentation in this program.
Thank you, and ENJOY!
Roberto Artigas Jr.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
There are four ways to start tones. They are described bellow.
1) tones [/H]
Help
Starting tones this way allows you to get the HELP information, plus
a few examples of the more complicated way to start tones.
2) tones
Starting tones this way allows you to use the basic features. This
allows basic keyboard interaction. This starts the program at 35
Hertz.
3) tones begin
Hertz
Starting tones this way allows you to use the basic features. This
allows basic keyboard interaction. This starts the program at
<begin> Hertz specified.
Page 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 1
4) tones begin ending [/S:sec] [/I:inc] [/C:cnt]
Hertz Hertz How long Hertz Count
Starting tones this way allows you to use the HANDS OFF timed
features.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
The program starts at the <begin> Hertz and goes to the <ending>
Hertz. It holds the tone for <sec> seconds and proceeds to go UP or
DOWN by <inc> Hertz.
Once it gets to the end of either <begin> or <ending> Hertz it will
change direction and go DOWN or UP by <inc> Hertz. This change of
direction will happen <cnt>-1 times.
<cnt> Count range : 1 Time to 1000 Times Default: 10 Times
<sec> Seconds range : 2 Secs to 300 Secs Default: 2 Seconds
<inc> Increment range: 1 Hz to 100 Hz Default: 1 Hertz
<begin> Hertz range :35 Hz to 655 Hz.
<ending>Hertz range :35 Hz to 655 Hz.
The <cnt>, <sec>, and <inc> parameters are all optional. The
parameters needed are <begin> and <ending>.
If you DO NOT understand what you just read, DO NOT worry, continue
reading.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 2
4) tones begin ending [/S:sec] [/I:inc] [/C:cnt]
Hertz Hertz How long Hertz Count
Before tones starts on AUTOMATIC it will tell you APPROXIMATELY how
much time it will run with the parameters that have been selected.
If you do not like the amount of time, press the Esc button on your
keyboard and the program will go back to the DOS prompt. At this
point you can select a new set.
Once tones is on AUTOMATIC you can stop the program by pressing the
ESC button on your keyboard. Please NOTE that tones might take <sec>
number of seconds to respond to your request to stop. Be patient, it
** WILL ** stop.
Please NOTE that Ctrl-C has been disabled. Using Ctrl-C while the
program was running had the nasty habit of leaving the speaker ON
even after exiting the program. This is NOT a desirable feature.
Please continue reading, the EXAMPLES are next.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 3
4) tones begin ending [/S:sec] [/I:inc] [/C:cnt]
Hertz Hertz How long Hertz Count
The EXAMPLES provided are just so you can begin to get a feel of how
the tones parameters work. Remember that you can try any set of
parameters that you want and if you DO NOT LIKE them, just press the
Esc button on your keyboard.
Page 3
1) tones 35 45
2) tones 45 35
3) tones 35 45 /S:3 /C:2 /I:1
4) tones 35 655 /I:10
5) tones 35 655 /C:1000 /S:300
6) tones 190 200 /S:10
7) tones 35 655 /C:2
8) tones 100 80 /I:5 /C:2
9) tones 365
10) tones /H
11) tones 100 200 /I:5 /C:2 /S:10
GOOD LUCK, and happy tones.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Brain frequency research findings (page 1)
Delta: 0.1 to 3 Hz.
The Delta level is normally associated with a deep
dreamless sleep, trance state, and non-REM type of
sleep.
Theta: 3 to 7 Hz.
The Theta level is normally associated with recall,
fantasy, imagery, creativity, inspiration, future
planning, dreaming, switching thoughts, and
drowsiness.
Alpha: 7 to 13 Hz.
The Alpha level is associated with a non-drowsy but
relaxed, tranquil state of consciousness, primarily
with pleasant inward awareness; body/mind
integration.
Beta: 13 to 30 Hz.
The Beta level is associated with outward awareness,
the taking in and evaluating of various forms of
data received through the senses; it is present with
worry, anger, fear, hunger, and surprise.
High Beta: 30 to 500 Hz.
The High Beta level is not associated currently with
any state of mind. Some effects have been observed,
but currently not enough research has been done in
this area, to prove, or disprove, anything.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Brain frequency research findings (page 2)
Delta 1.00 Hz Feeling of well-being; pituitary
stimulation to release growth hormone;
overall view of inter-relationships.
Theta 3.50 Hz Feeling of one with everything; accelerated
language retention.
5.50 Hz Moves beyond knowledge to knowing; shows
visions of growth needed.
6.30 Hz Mental and astral projection; accelerated
learning and increased memory retention.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Brain frequency research findings (page 3)
Alpha 7.00 Hz Mental and astral projections; bending
objects; psychic surgery.
Page 4
7.50 Hz Inter-awareness of self and purpose; guided
meditation; creative thought for art,
invention, music, etc.; contact with spirit
guides for direction.
7.83 Hz Earth resonance (Beck).
8.00 Hz Level for past life regression.
8.30 Hz Pickup visual imagery of mental objects.
9.00 Hz Awareness of causes of body imbalances and
means for balance.
10.50 Hz Frequency to go for healing of the body;
mind/body connection; firewalking.
12.00 Hz Centering; frequency of earth resonance
(Hercules - a researcher).
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Brain frequency research findings (page 4)
Beta From 13.00 Hz This is the NORMAL awakened,
to 30.00 Hz daily functioning state.
High 35.00 Hz Awakening of mid-chakras; balance of
chakras.
Beta 55.00 Hz Tantric yoga; stimulates the kundalini.
63.00 Hz Astral projection.
70.00 Hz Mental and astral projection.
80.00 Hz Awareness and control of right direction.
83.00 Hz Third eye opening for some people.
90.00 Hz Good feelings; security, well being,
balancing.
105.00 Hz Overall view of complete situation.
108.00 Hz Total knowing.
From 120.00 Hz P.S.I.; moving of objects, changing matter;
to 500.00 Hz transmutation.
This program will start at a 35 Hz tone. By pressing certain keys on
your keyboard, you can cause the tone to go UP or DOWN in frequency.
This is the KEYBOARD layout.
Esc = Exit program.
+100.00 +010.00 +001.00 +000.10 +000.01
Q W E R T
-100.00 -010.00 -001.00 -000.10 -000.01
Z X C V B
--------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have comments or other information relating to such topics
as this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the
Vangard Sciences address as listed on the first page.
Thank you for your consideration, interest and support.
Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
--------------------------------------------------------------------
If we can be of service, you may contact
Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 5
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VPIC ver 4.6 REFERENCE CARD
(C) Copyright 1990, 1991 by Bob Montgomery, All Rights Reserved. [CIS 73357,3140]
VPIC is a file viewer/converter for EGA, VGA and SuperVGA display adapters. It supports Ahead (A & B chips), ATI,
Chips & Technology, Everex, Genoa, Headland (Video 7), Oak, Paradise, Trident (8800 BR & CS and 8900 chips), Tseng
(ET-3000 & ET-4000 chips), Western Digital, Video 7, and Zymos VGA chips, and VESA standard boards, in all EGA/VGA
graphics modes for each display card. It is configurable for your display card using a plain text configuration file
and the accompanying CONFIG and CVPIC configuration programs. A comprehensive DOC file explains all features of VPIC.
If your card supports VESA, VPIC will automatically detect and use the VESA modes; defeated with /v option.
VPIC will display ,and convert to, the following graphics file formats:
BIF Binary Image Format B&W image capture board files (display only).
BMP Microsoft Bitmap files, normal and compressed; saves uncompressed.
CUT Dr Halo machine independent format with a palette file.
GIF viewing, normal and interlaced (Fractint FRA and GIF89a viewing too).
GIF saves in normal, interlaced, inverted, mirrored, rotated CW or CCW 90 degrees.
LBM Deluxe Paint VGA format, regular and enhanced (IFF Electronic Arts files too).
MAC file (display only).
PCX including the VGA version 1.61 of PC Paintbrush.
PIC Pictor/PC Paint and ViewPoint (ViewSonic) files.
SCx file formats for Colorix and EGA Paint.
TGA Targa 8 thru 32 bits/pixel normal and compressed file formats. Tseng HiColor support too.
VPIC also has many handy features, such as:
Command line options: vpic [path][filename[.ext]][/a][/b][/c][/e][/h][/r][/w][/xN][/yN][/z][/?] where:
path specifies a drive/directory for the menu or a single file.
filename[.ext] specifies a single file to show (GIF ext assumed) or a DOS filespec such as c*.pcx for the menu.
/a specifies auto resolution select. /b specifies beep after decoding each file. /? shows VPIC help.
/c shows current configuration. /e specifies 16 color (EGA) mode.
/h lists hidden files in menu; great files you don't want to come up in menu normally such as x rated.
/mN specifies to lock the display mode to N, where the mode numbers are defined when you run CONFIG.
/r specifies return to calling application after decoding picture file without changing the video mode.
/v disables VESA info and uses config file info.
/w specifies to wait for a keypress between images for a multi-image GIF file.
/xN specifies a left margin of N pixels (if the file does not overflow the right edge).
/yN specifies a top margin of N pixels (if the file does not overflow the bottom edge).
/z inhibits printing the filename when the picture is displayed.
/@slidefile shows pictures specified in the ASCII command file slidefile. The pictures are shown in the order
listed, and you can spec a delay, resolution, animate, and animate rate for each picture.
Fast, easy menu system with mouse support and the following features:
* Handles up to 500 files using mouse or keyboard.
* Cursor moved with arrow keys, PgUp/PgDn keys, or starting letter/number of filenames.
* Files are marked/unmarked for viewing with the Spacebar.
* F1 displays built in help.
* F2 does a slideshow of marked files in the order they were marked.
* Enter shows marked files individually in the order they were marked, or file at cursor (if none marked).
* F3 shows size and colors of picture at cursor.
* F4 selects between 256 and 16 color modes.
* F5/F6 decrease/increase default resolution.
* F7 selects Normal/Lock/Auto resolution. Auto picks the best resolution. Lock always uses default mode.
* F8 waits for a keypress between images in multi-image GIF's.
* F9 prompts for new path and filespec.
* F10 shows current directory.
* Alt_X deletes file at cursor (with users permission; ESC or N aborts).
* Menu automatically updated when files are created or deleted.
* Picture decoding aborted with Escape.
Commands while viewing a picture (mouse buttons: left=Enter, right=ESC while decoding):
'A' Animates the picture by rotating the palette; really nice for fractals.
'E' expands a compressed Targa file to disk. / or ? displays built in help.
F1-F10 are adjustments for red, green, blue, brightness, & contrast for VGA viewing. F10 restores original color.
Up/Down arrows and PgUp/PgDn scroll picture vertically if bigger than screen (and you have enough display memory,
and not a Video 7 card). VPIC does not scroll sideways; see 'How VPIC Works' in VPIC.DOC.
Alt_F momentarily displays filename while viewing.
Alt_X deletes the current file (with users permission; ESC or N aborts).
B, C, D, F, G, I, M, P, R, T, U, W, Z, <, > are file conversion/manipulation commands.
Configuring VPIC: You can configure VPIC from a menu by simply entering CONFIG from DOS with CONFIG, VPIC, CVPIC and
all the configuration files (.cfg extension) in the same directory. Then select the desired config file using the
arrow keys and press enter; ESC aborts CONFIG. VPIC can still be configured manually by entering `cvpic configfile'
from DOS. The WHICHVGA program tries to identify your VGA chip and how much display memory you have installed.
History: The previous program was VGIF, which displayed only GIF files. It became VPIC when the ability to display
other file formats was added. The GIF file format is copyrighted by CompuServe Incorporated, Columbus, Ohio.
VPIC is continually being improved, and new features are added all the time. Check it out. You can register VPIC for
only $15, or get VPIC from me by sending the $15 registration fee plus $5 ($10 outside the USA) postage and handling
($20/$25 total). As a bonus, I will fill the rest of the disk with GIF good pictures. Please specify either a 360K or
1.2 Meg 5.25 inch disk (I don't have 3.5" disks), and EGA, VGA, or SuperVGA (640x480x256, etc) pics. For foreign
orders, please send an International or Postal Money Order, a check drawn on a US bank, or cash, since the banks here
charge $25 collection fee for foreign checks.
Bob Montgomery (new address)
543 Via Fontana #203
Altamonte Springs, FL 32714