1374 lines
72 KiB
Plaintext
1374 lines
72 KiB
Plaintext
ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»
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º º
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ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍͼ º
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ɼ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ º
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º Û ÜÜÜ Û Û ÜÜÜ Û Û ÜÜÜÜÛ Û ÜÜÜÜÛ Û ÜÜÜ Û º
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ɼ Û ÜÜÜÜÛ Û ÜÜÜ Û ÛÜÜÜÜ Û Û ÛÜÜÜÜ Û ÛÜÛ Û º
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º ÛÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ º
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º º
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º ÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ º
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Éͼ Û ÜÜ ÛÜ Û ÜÜ ÛÜ Û ÜÜÜÜÛ º
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º Û ÜÜÜ Û Û ÜÜÜ Û ÛÜÜÜÜ Û º
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ɼ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ º
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º º
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ÉÍͼ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÉÍÍͼ
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º Û Ü Ü Û Û ÜÜÜ Û Û ÜÜÜÜÛ Û ÜÜÜ Û ÛÜÜÜ ÜÛ ÛÜ ÜÛ Û ßÛÛ Û Û ÜÜÜÜÛ º
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ɼ Û Û Û Û Û ÜÜÜ Û Û ÛÜÜ Û Û ÜÜÜ Û ÜÛßÜÛÛÜ ÜÛ ÛÜ Û ÛÜß Û Û ÜÜÜÛÜ º
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ɼ ÛÜÛßÛÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÛßÛÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ º
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ÌÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍ»
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º November 1996 Volume 4 Number 11 º
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ÇÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄĶ
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º Board of Trade BBS New Port Richey, Florida (813) 862-4772 º
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ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍͼ
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In This Issue
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-------------
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þ ONE ISPCON '96 Highlights
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þ Olsen Outdoors
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þ Copyright Law: Part I
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þ Computer Basics
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Written by Ed Garwood
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þ Latest news, reviews and more
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+ + + + +
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Editor's Welcome
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----------------
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Welcome to the latest issue of Tampa Bay's oldest free on-line magazine!
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In this issue, we feature some coverage of the first ONE ISPCON. After going
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to the last three BBSCONs, I did not attend the event myself. There are some
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interesting details emerging. Considering that less than 2,000 people went to
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the show, it could be said that the change in focus was a mistake. When Tampa
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hosted the last ONE BBSCON in the summer of 1995, event organizers were
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speculating that around 10,000 people would attend the 1996 show in San
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Francisco. After those estimates were given, the organizers changed the name
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of the event from the ONE BBSCON to the ONE ISPCON. The focus would move from
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the bulletin board system to Internet service providers. Toss in the fact
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that the registration fees went up dramatically, and it could be said that the
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first ONE ISPCON was a failure. Boardwatch Magazine editor Jack Rickard, one
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of the primary sponsors of the ISPCON, put his own spin on this year's show.
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Traditionally, Boardwatch Magazine has taken on a cheerleader role, instead of
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reporting any real news on the event. It is comical to see Rickard call it
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the "Largest gathering of ISPs ever held." I would think that they are
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disappointed with the turnout, but also believe that they will never admit
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they made a mistake. So, that is my two cents worth on this subject.
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This month also takes a look at Olsen Outdoors. I always thought Dick Olsen
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would make an interesting interview for this publication, and it is possible
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that will be pursued for a future issue. He has combined two interesting
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hobbies, computers and fishing, and has an entire line of fishing related
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Shareware programs. There is also part one of a two part article on the
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Copyright Law. From time to time we like to present laws which are pertinent
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to the on-line world. Of course, all our regular features are back as well,
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including Ed Garwood's Computer Basics.
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Thanks for reading!
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+ + + + +
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ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
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³ PASCO BBS MAGAZINE ³
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ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
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³ Tampa Bay's Oldest Free On-line Magazine! ³
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ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
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³ EDITOR: Richard Ziegler ³
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ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
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³ HOME BBS: Board of Trade BBS (813) 862-4772 ³
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ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
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³ World Wide Web Home Page: http://www.sanctum.com/pasco ³
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ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
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+ + + + +
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ONE ISPCON '96 Highlights
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-------------------------
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The first Online Networking Exposition and Internet Service Providers
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Convention (ONE ISPCON) was held in San Francisco August 7-10, 1996. The
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Moscone Center and the San Francisco Hilton and Towers were the locations for
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the event. The ONE ISPCON replaced a show known as ONE BBSCON, an acronym
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for Online Networking Exposition and BBS Convention. After four years of
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staging the ONE BBSCON, the event's focus moved away from the bulletin board
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and concentrated on Internet Service Providers. ONE, Inc. has staged an on-
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line related show the last five years and the primary organizers are
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Boardwatch Magazine editor Jack Rickard and eSoft, Inc. President Phil Becker.
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While the Pasco BBS Magazine did not have a representative at this summer's
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show, some information is becoming available.
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In the October issue of Boardwatch Magazine, speaking of the first ISPCON,
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Jack Rickard stated "A good time was had by all." ONE ISPCON '96 had 1,940
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people in attendance, which was about half the number that attended ONE BBSCON
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'95 in Tampa. After the attendance figures doubled each of the first three
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years of the BBSCON, the numbers did level off at around 4,000 for the August
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1995 show in Tampa. While it is always difficult and dangerous to make
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predictions, one year ago event organizers were projecting attendance figures
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near 10,000 for the San Francisco show. Privately, they must be disappointed
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in the turnout. Publicly, they were trying to put a positive spin on the drop
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in attendance. Jack Rickard called it the "Largest gathering of ISPs ever
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held."
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One traditional BBSCON mainstay was carried over to the ISPCON, but the fifth
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annual John C. Dvorak Telecommunications Excellence Awards were somewhat
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different than years past. This year's awards concentrated on the Internet,
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instead of telecommunications in general. The Lifetime Achievement Award went
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to Tim Berners-Lee, who is one of the inventors of the World Wide Web and the
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current Director of the World Wide Web Consortium. A couple of the other
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winners included The Los Angeles Dodger Web Site for Outstanding Special
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Interest Web Site and the Chicago Sun-Times for Outstanding Online Newspaper.
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Many of the winners were names that most people probably never heard of
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before.
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Thursday Morning's Welcoming Session featured Tony Rutkowski speaking on "The
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Fifth Wave: New Internet Paradigms" and Mark Corbitt on "The Impact of the
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Telecommunications Act of 1996 on ISPs." Popular computer columnist John C.
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Dvorak gave Keynote Speech. He gave the keynote at the first ONE BBSCON as
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well. A few of the educational sessions were hosted by familiar names in the
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on-line world, such as Phil Becker, Kevin Behrens, Andre Duran, Jack Rickard
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and Lance Rose. Many of the sessions were hosted by lesser known people.
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The popular "Jack and Phil Show" was gone and Kevin Behrens hosted ISP
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Roundtables instead of BBS Roundtables. Some sessions had a familiar sound,
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such as Internet 101 and Guerrilla Marketing Your Service, but there was a new
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slate of sessions with titles like Will the Real Internet Please Stand Up,
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Protecting Your Domain Name, The New Rural America, How to Become an ISP,
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Internet Quiz Show and Internet Intangibles.
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While ONE, Inc. may have tried to follow the current trend of people moving
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away from dial-up hobby bulletin board systems and migrating over to the
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Internet, the results of the first ISPCON appear ambiguous at best. Since the
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registration fees were almost twice as much as last year, the drop in
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attendance should not have hurt ONE, Inc. too much. At this point, no
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details have been made available about ONE ISPCON '97. As more information
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becomes available, about this year's and possible future shows, the Pasco BBS
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Magazine will continue to cover this story.
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+ + + + +
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ÕÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑѸ
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ÆØØØØØØØØØØØ Board of Trade BBS ØØØØØØØØØص
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ÆØØØØØØØØØ New Port Richey, Florida ØØØØØØØص
|
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ÆØØØØØØØ (813) 862-4772 ØØØØØص
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ÆØØØØØ FidoNet: 1:3619/10 ØØØص
|
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ÆØØØ Øص
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ÆØ The Hobby BBS for the Entire Family! ص
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³ ³
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³ Pasco County's Information Source ³
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³ Home of the Pasco BBS Magazine, DA BUCS and BBS Basics ³
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³ ³
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³ Call here FIRST for the BEST in Shareware ³
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³ Official Distribution Site for the Most Popular Authors ³
|
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ÆØ Øµ
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ÆØØØ Supporting the Local Computer Community ØØص
|
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ÆØØØØØ Local Author Support File Directory ØØØØص
|
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ÆØØØØØØØ Official Support BBS for Pasco ComPats Computer Club ØØØØØØص
|
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ÆØØØØØØØØØ ØØØØØØØص
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ÆØØØØØØØØØØØ Member: AOP and EFF ØØØØØØØØØص
|
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ÔÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏϾ
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+ + + + +
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Olsen Outdoors
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--------------
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When I first got back into computing, and bought my first IBM compatible PC, a
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friend gave me a disk with several games on it. One of the programs was a
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fishing game called BassTour. At the time, I thought it was a pretty slick
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little game. Of course, we are going back to a time before VGA graphics and
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sound cards. It was a time when few Shareware programs were receiving any
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national publicity. Today, companies like Apogee Software and id Software are
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making millions of dollars in the Shareware game market. In preparing this
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article, I took another look at BassTour. Would the game still stack up in
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today's market? Surprising, it does. While the graphics may appear tame by
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today's standards, it takes more than flashy graphics to make a good program.
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To the best of my knowledge, to this day, no one has developed a better
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Shareware fishing game. The author of BassTour, Dick Olsen, has a complete
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line of fishing related Shareware programs. This article provides some
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background information on Olsen Outdoors and looks at their current catalog.
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Dick Olsen has combined two interesting hobbies into Olsen Outdoors, which
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creates Shareware "Software for the Outdoorsman." His efforts began in 1988
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with the release of the classic Shareware game BassTour. Olsen Outdoors now
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specializes in PC compatible programs related to outdoor activities. Dick
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Olsen is a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals, along with
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The Bare Hill Anglers, The Massachusetts B.A.S.S. Federation, and B.A.S.S., so
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fishing related products make up a large portion of the Olsen Outdoors
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catalog. There are a few other programs for office and personal use, and all
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the releases are non-violent and suitable for users of all ages. What follows
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is a list of the programs currently available from Olsen Outdoors. The
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registration price is included.
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BassTour - This Shareware classic has been called the ultimate fishing game.
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You control a fully rigged bass boat and have over 2300 lure/color
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combinations to choose from. You may also choose from six different fishing
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rods. The game features a trolling motor, LCD chart recorder, a live well and
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many other options. You can fish by yourself, or join a three day tournament
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against the 30 top names in bass fishing. BassTour runs on CGA, MCGA,
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Hercules, EGA, VGA and SVGA systems with 512k of memory. A registered version
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is $17.00 on a 3.5" disk and $15.00 on a 5.25" disk.
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BassDuel - BassDuel is a two player fishing tournament where both players fish
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from the same boat, just like in the real tournaments. The main player
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controls boat movement and can use a mouse while the 'partner' fishes from the
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rear of the boat and can use a joystick or the keyboard. Each player has
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eight rods and a fully stocked tackle box. The boat even has a divided
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live-well. Check out the realistic head-to-head competition against your
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partner and 30 of the top names in bass tournament fishing. BassDuel requires
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EGA or true VGA and 512k of memory. Registration is $17.00 for a 3.5" disk
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and $15.00 for a 5.25" disk.
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Bass Class - Bass Class is not only a great fishing game, it is a learning
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tool as well. While not a tournament situation, it has all the other features
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that BassTour has and more. It has an on-screen glossary of fishing terms,
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and is loaded with on-line help and suggestions. On-screen contour maps and
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an LCD fish finder are standard. Very realistic lure behavior teaches you the
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right lures for different situations. The program is highly educational and
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lots of fun. Bass Class requires EGA or true VGA and 512k of memory.
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Registration is $17.00 for a 3.5" disk, or $15.00 for a 5.25" disk.
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BassTips - BassTips is a collection of over 100 fishing, boating, and
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environmental tips. It comes with a tip editor so you can add your own tips
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to the program. BassTips can be configured so that a tip is displayed on your
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screen each time you boot-up your computer. BassTips can improve everyone's
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fishing. The program requires 256k of memory and works on color or monochrome
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displays. Registration is $12.00 for a 3.5" disk and $10.00 for a 5.25" disk.
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FishBase ][ - FishBase ][ is a fisherman's log book and data base program that
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also gives you lots of statistics about the fish you catch. With FishBase ][,
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you can see what lures accounted for the most fish, or see what effect the
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moon phases have on your results. The search and sort capability is fast and
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easy to use. The program requires at least 256k of memory and runs on color
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or monochrome systems. A hard disk is preferred for optimum speed and
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efficiency. Registration is $17.00 for a 3.5" disk, or $15.00 for 5.25" disk.
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Race The Nags - Race The Nags is a full color horse racing game for up to six
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players. Six horses (from a stable of over 200) gallop across your screen in
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a race for the finish line. Statistics are kept for all horses and you can
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view them with the included utility program. Start the game with $500 in seed
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money and place your bets to win, place, or show. If you're good, you may
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make the Top Ten Hall Of Fame. If you're good, you may earn membership in the
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elite Millionaires Club. Race The Nags requires EGA or better and 512k of
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memory. Registration is $17.00 for a 3.5" disk and $15.00 for 5.25" disk.
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Tikler - Tikler is a fast, extremely easy to use appointment/reminder program
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that you'll find indispensable. Use it to remind you of upcoming tournaments,
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meetings, anniversaries and birthdays. You can set how many days in advance
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you want to be notified. The program handles up to 600 events and has a
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built-in perpetual calendar. It can be used in the conventional TSR mode,
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swapping TSR mode or non-TSR mode. Tikler requires 256k of memory and
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supports color or monochrome systems. Registration is $17.00 for a 3.5" disk,
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or $15.00 for 5.25" disk.
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Olsen Outdoors also offers additional non-Shareware programs and add-on
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accessories, such as a program called BassDuel Deluxe. There are also
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additional lakes available.
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Dick Olsen is a long-time friend of Dan Linton and Nels Anderson, as they all
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worked at Prime Computer together. Dan Linton has written some Shareware
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programs himself, but is best known as the President of Software Creations.
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Nels Anderson also has written Shareware programs, including the very popular
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Mah Jongg. He has also written a Map Editor for BassTour, so people can
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create their own lakes. The latest versions of Olsen Outdoors software may be
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obtained from Nel Anderson's Xevious BBS at (508) 788-6951 and from Dan
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Linton's Software Creations (508) 368-7036. Software Creations may also be
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reached on the World Wide Web at http://www.swcbbs.com. To order the programs
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call (508) 486-3985. Personal checks, money orders, purchase orders, credit
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cards and cash are accepted. Shipping charges are $2.00 within North America
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and all orders are shipped on 3.5 inch disks unless otherwise requested. The
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mailing address is Olsen Outdoors, 68 Hartwell Avenue, Littleton, MA 01460.
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Dick Olsen can be reached via email at 70031,534 on Compuserve, or on the
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Internet at 70031.534@compuserve.com.
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+ + + + +
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ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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Û Û
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Û DON'T COPY THAT FLOPPY! Û
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Û Û
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Û REPORT SOFTWARE PIRACY! * * * TOLL-FREE HOT LINE! Û
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Û Û
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Û ÜÛ ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ßßßÛ ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ßßßÛ Û Û ßßßÛ ÛßßÛ Û
|
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Û Û ÜÜ ÛßßÛ Û Û Û Û ÜÜ ßßÛ ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ÜÜ Û ßßßÛ Û ÛßßÛ Û
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Û ßßß ßßßß ßßßß ßßßß ßßßß ßßßß ßßßß ß ß ß ßßßß Û
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Û Û
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Û Software Publishers Association, 1730 M St, NW, Washington, DC 20036 Û
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Û Û
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ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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+ + + + +
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Computer Basics
|
|
---------------
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|
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Written by Ed Garwood, Hudson, FL
|
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Directories
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|
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One of the most misunderstood things in "Computerese" is the term "Directory."
|
|
We know that typing "DIR" will give us a list of the programs, etc., on the
|
|
disk, but when it comes to dealing with directories or sub-directories, we're
|
|
not too sure just which way we should turn.
|
|
|
|
Let's look at a typical DIR result:
|
|
|
|
FILE <DIR> 02-27-96 11:46a
|
|
FRUITS <DIR> 02-27-96 11:47a
|
|
WINDOWS <DIR> 02-27-96 11:48a
|
|
WRITE <DIR> 02-27-96 11:49a
|
|
AUTOEXEC BAT 328 01-01-96 12:10a
|
|
COMMAND COM 3415 01-02-96 1:15p
|
|
CONFIG SYS 299 01-03-96 10:00a
|
|
NOSOUND COM 54 01-02-96 11:57a
|
|
PRIVACY EXE 24576 01-10-96 4:29p
|
|
|
|
You will note that the first four entries have the symbol <DIR> in them,
|
|
meaning they are directories. The other five have the extensions listed, plus
|
|
a number representing the number of bytes in the program. They are plain
|
|
files.
|
|
|
|
Let's take FRUITS for instance. If you were to type FRUITS at the prompt, you
|
|
would get the message "Bad File." That's because FRUITS is a Directory. If
|
|
you would type "CD\FRUITS" you would get the following prompt:
|
|
|
|
C:\ FRUITS >
|
|
|
|
Then, if you typed DIR, you would get the following:
|
|
|
|
. <DIR> 02-27-96 11:47a
|
|
.. <DIR> 02-27-96 11:47a
|
|
APPLES EXE 12019 02-27-96 11:48a
|
|
BANANAS EXE 8093 02-27-96 11:50a
|
|
CHERRIES <DIR> 02-27-96 11:55a
|
|
|
|
This means that APPLES and BANANAS are separate programs, within the FRUITS
|
|
directory, whereas CHERRIES is a sub-directory. To get to the CHERRIES
|
|
programs, you would have to type CD\FRUITS\CHERRIES and then type DIR.
|
|
|
|
What does this all mean? Why so complicated?
|
|
|
|
Think of a set of books about FRUITS. It's in the FRUIT book case, in Room C.
|
|
There are several books in the set, the first three being titled A, B, and C
|
|
respectively.
|
|
|
|
Now, if we want to look up Apples, we go to Room C (which corresponds to Drive
|
|
C:) and we go over to the FRUIT book case (which corresponds to the FRUIT
|
|
directory). Since we want to look up Apples, we would go to the first Book,
|
|
A, (which corresponds to the Apples program).
|
|
|
|
Now, suppose we wanted to look up Cherries. Following the above routine, we
|
|
would end up with Book C. However, because there are a number of Cherry
|
|
types, the book is divided into two parts. Part one for Light cherries and
|
|
part 2 for dark cherries. Likewise, the Cherries Directory above has a sub-
|
|
directory. The following would get us down to the two parts:
|
|
|
|
C:\cd\fruits\cherries
|
|
|
|
Typing DIR would then give us
|
|
|
|
DIR. 02-27-96 1:14p
|
|
DIR.. 02-27-96 1:14p
|
|
LIGHT EXE 1240 02-27-96 1:28p
|
|
DARK EXE 1356 02-27-96 1:30p
|
|
|
|
If we were looking up Dark cherries, we would then type Dark.exe and we would
|
|
get our program.
|
|
|
|
Why do we have to go through this rigmarole? Well, DOS puts a limit of 512
|
|
files or directories in the root directory of your hard disk. Plus, DOS
|
|
starts to go slower if you have more than 150 files and sub-directories in one
|
|
directory. So, we have to break things up into portions which are more easily
|
|
handled. For instance, some graphics programs may have 15 or more sub-
|
|
directories, with each sub-directory have 40 or more individual files. With a
|
|
limit of 512, entries, one big program could jam up your directory, and you
|
|
could not add more programs.
|
|
|
|
Think of the Directory as a library, with different areas of information, each
|
|
area being subdivided and sub-subdivided as necessary. First you enter the
|
|
building, then you go to a particular area or floor, then to a particular
|
|
room, then to a particular set of shelves, etc. It's a logical sequence of
|
|
events. So it is with the Computer Directory system.
|
|
|
|
Just remember. When you see an entry with <DIR> following it, you must type
|
|
cd\ plus the entry name to get there.
|
|
|
|
Oh yes. What do you do when you are finished reading about the Dark Cherries?
|
|
Just type cd\ at the prompt. This will bring you back to your basic root
|
|
directory.
|
|
|
|
Editor's Note: Look for another installment of Computer Basics in next
|
|
month's issue. Ed Garwood may be contacted by leaving a message on the Board
|
|
of Trade BBS at (813) 862-4772. He is also active in the Pasco ComPats
|
|
Computer Club. The club meets the second and fourth Thursday of the month at
|
|
the New Port Richey City Council Chambers at the intersection of Main and
|
|
Madison Streets in New Port Richey, Florida. For more information about the
|
|
Pasco ComPats Computer Club, contact club President Robert Donbar at (813)
|
|
863-3963.
|
|
|
|
+ + + + +
|
|
|
|
EFF Quote of the Month
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
"The only maxim of a free government ought to be to trust no man living with
|
|
power to endanger the public liberty."
|
|
|
|
- John Adams, "Notes for an Oration at Braintree", 1772
|
|
|
|
Editor's Note: The Electronic Frontier Foundation Quote of the Month is a
|
|
collection of the wittiest and stupidest, most sublime and most inane comments
|
|
ever said about cryptography, civil liberties, networking, government,
|
|
privacy, and more. For more information on the Electronic Frontier
|
|
Foundation, contact the EFF via the Internet, phone, fax, or US Mail. The
|
|
Electronic Frontier Foundation, 1001 G Street NW, Suite 950 E, Washington, DC
|
|
20001, (202) 347-5400 (voice), (202) 393-5509 (fax), (202) 638-6119 (BBS),
|
|
Internet: ask@eff.org.
|
|
|
|
+ + + + +
|
|
|
|
S H A R E W A R E R E V I E W
|
|
|
|
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
|
|
³ Program ³ USAPuzzle! ³
|
|
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
|
|
³ Author/Vendor ³ Torpedo Software ³
|
|
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
|
|
³ Special Requirements ³ Windows ³
|
|
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
|
|
|
|
USAPuzzle! Review
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
Lynnwood, Ohio based Torpedo Software has released a challenging educational
|
|
game for Windows called USAPuzzle! The Shareware version lets the user learn
|
|
about the states and their capitals, while the registered version features
|
|
countries of the world. USAPuzzle! is actually level one of the registered
|
|
version called GEOPuzzle!
|
|
|
|
The Shareware version is two U.S. geography puzzles, one for the states and
|
|
one for their capitals. The puzzle pieces consist of the states and star
|
|
icons for the capitals, which must be dragged by the user to their correct
|
|
position on an animated map of the United States. Using the hide option makes
|
|
the program much more difficult, as it eliminates the outlines of the states,
|
|
or stars that indicate capitals, on the game map. It might be considered
|
|
difficult enough to match up the capital with each state, let alone remember
|
|
the exact location where the capital city is located within the state. The
|
|
same option is available in the states puzzle, as users can decide if they
|
|
want to have the map display an outline of the states. The available timer
|
|
can add another challenge to the game.
|
|
|
|
USAPuzzle! is a colorful and easy to use program. It is worth checking out if
|
|
you are looking for an educational U.S. geography program.
|
|
|
|
+ + + + +
|
|
|
|
ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»
|
|
º º
|
|
º ßÛß ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ Ûßßß ÛßÛ Ûßßß ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ßßÛßß Û Û ÛßÛßÛ º
|
|
º Û Û Û Û Û Ûß ÛßßÛ ßßßÛ ÛßßÛ Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û º
|
|
º ßßß ß ß ß ß ßßßß ß ß ßßßß ß ß ß ß ßßßß ß ßßßß ß ß º
|
|
º º
|
|
º ÛßÛ ÛßÛ Ûßßß º
|
|
º ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ßßßÛ º
|
|
º ßßßß ßßßß ßßßß º
|
|
º º
|
|
º Since 1985 - Pasco County's Oldest BBS º
|
|
º º
|
|
º Sysops - Rob & Carolyn Marlowe º
|
|
º º
|
|
º Popular Chat Board, On-Line Games, CD-ROMS, Internet, FidoNet º
|
|
º º
|
|
º Ten Lines - (813) 848-6055 Voice - (813) 845-0893 º
|
|
º º
|
|
º telenet: sanctum.com º
|
|
º º
|
|
º READ THE PASCO BBS MAGAZINE AT: http://www.sanctum.com/pasco º
|
|
º º
|
|
ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍͼ
|
|
|
|
+ + + + +
|
|
|
|
ROTFL!
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
Computer humor courtesy of Sandy Illes
|
|
|
|
Application to be a Net Penpal. (c)1995 Sandy Illes
|
|
|
|
Part I
|
|
|
|
Please answer yes or no:
|
|
|
|
1. Have you ever been personally involved in any extortion bids? ___
|
|
|
|
2. Have you ever gone more than a week without changing your underwear? ___
|
|
|
|
3. Have you ever been convicted of stalking anyone? ___
|
|
|
|
4. Do people generally fear or despise you? ___
|
|
|
|
5. Do you bathe or shower every day? ___
|
|
|
|
6. Does your own mother find you repulsive? ___
|
|
|
|
7. Are you regularly called upon to appear in a police lineup? ___
|
|
|
|
8. If your pet could talk, would you be afraid of what it might say? ___
|
|
|
|
9. Do you spend a lot of time perusing X-rated GIFs? ___
|
|
|
|
10. Have you ever been in the witness protection program? ___
|
|
|
|
Part II
|
|
|
|
Please fill in the blanks:
|
|
|
|
1. My idea of a good time is _________ in the __________.
|
|
|
|
2. My mother says I'm a _____________.
|
|
|
|
3. I ____________ a lot.
|
|
|
|
4. I have ___________ friends and _________ of them _________ me.
|
|
|
|
5. I have seen _____________.
|
|
|
|
6. I have had _______ arrests for weapons violations.
|
|
|
|
Part III
|
|
|
|
Multiple choice:
|
|
|
|
1. I don't have any:
|
|
|
|
(a) morals (b) conscience (c) prior convictions
|
|
(d) friends (e) undies on (f) teeth
|
|
|
|
2. I have a lot of:
|
|
|
|
(a) body odor (b) enemies (c) dandruff
|
|
(d) back hair (e) confusion (f) X-rated GIFs
|
|
|
|
3. I promise that I will:
|
|
|
|
(a) write you every day
|
|
(b) not write you more than twice a day
|
|
(c) not call you at home unless it's really important
|
|
(d) not call you at work unless I feel like it
|
|
(e) have illicit thoughts about your GIF photo
|
|
(f) shoot your dog if you don't write back
|
|
|
|
4. I can provide the following references:
|
|
|
|
(a) Morty Goldman - the nerd I beat up in the schoolyard
|
|
(b) Ronald Reagan - although he might have forgotten me now
|
|
(c) Cher - what can I say, it was my turn to date her
|
|
(d) My mother - who just wants me to move out of the basement
|
|
(e) Elvis - because he visits me every day in the UFO
|
|
(f) Charles Manson - my former cellmate
|
|
|
|
5. I'd like an opportunity to tell you:
|
|
|
|
(a) I'm hot for you (b) I pick my teeth (c) I drink Drano
|
|
(d) I need a life (e) I once imploded (f) dogs can talk
|
|
|
|
6. If we ever met in person, I think I'd:
|
|
|
|
(a) throw up on your shoes
|
|
(b) ram a knife through your heart
|
|
(c) repeat every third word you say
|
|
(d) force you to dig your own grave
|
|
(e) show you how many Cheerios I can shove up my nose
|
|
(f) be late
|
|
|
|
7. My hobby is:
|
|
|
|
(a) collecting used toilet tissue
|
|
(b) hurting small, defenseless animals
|
|
(c) collecting boogers
|
|
(d) setting garbage can fires
|
|
(e) stalking movie stars
|
|
(f) cooking with tapeworms
|
|
|
|
8. I would describe myself as:
|
|
|
|
(a) bigger than a breadbox
|
|
(b) pretty good now that I'm on Lithium
|
|
(c) "experienced" for a 12-year-old boy
|
|
(d) much more obedient to the voices in my head
|
|
(e) haunted by evil spirits
|
|
(f) looking like a movie star but that would be a lie
|
|
|
|
Editor's Note: Thank you to ROTFL Digest!, and its editor Sandy Illes for
|
|
allowing the above to be reprinted from a prior issue of the on-line humor
|
|
magazine. ROTFL Digest! is published by Access Media Systems, which may be
|
|
contacted at (905) 847-7143, or (905) 847-7362. You may also email Sandy
|
|
Illes at sandyi@pathcom.com, or visit their home page on the World Wide Web at
|
|
http://www.pathcom.com/~sandyi.
|
|
|
|
+ + + + +
|
|
|
|
²²²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²²²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²± THE NEWS
|
|
²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²± ²²± ²²± ²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± DIRECTORY
|
|
²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²±²²± ²²±²± ²²± ²²± ²²²±
|
|
²²± ²²± ²²±²²²²± ²²²²± ²²±²±²²± ²²²± A brief look
|
|
²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²± ²²±²± ²²²²²²²± ²²²± at some of
|
|
²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²± ²²²±²²²± ²²± ²²± the news of
|
|
²²²²± ²²± ²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²²²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²± the month
|
|
|
|
On September 25, 1996, IBM released version 4 of OS/2 Warp. This version of
|
|
IBM's operating system has a new look and is easier to use than previous
|
|
versions.
|
|
|
|
At a campaign stop in Knoxville, Tennessee, President Bill Clinton talked of a
|
|
day when computers are "as much a part of classrooms as blackboards." The
|
|
President also said he would propose a five year plan to expand the Internet's
|
|
capabilities.
|
|
|
|
Microsoft Inc. announced they will offer unlimited Internet on the Microsoft
|
|
Network (MSN) for a monthly fee of $19.95. MSN has attracted 1.6 million
|
|
subscribers over its first year, which makes it the third largest on-line
|
|
service. America Online has 6.5 million subscribers and CompuServe has 4.5
|
|
million. In related news, on Thursday September 19, Microsoft announced the
|
|
Department of Justice was investigating how the company sells its Internet
|
|
software. The DOJ last investigated the company in the summer of 1995, when
|
|
Microsoft announced plans for an on-line network. Microsoft is also expected
|
|
to release version 4.0 of their World Wide Web browser, called the Internet
|
|
Explorer, by Christmas.
|
|
|
|
Last month, it was reported that Galacticomm Chairman Tim Stryker had died on
|
|
August 7, 1986. While questions remain, it appears that he was the victim of
|
|
self-inflicted wounds. He was 41 years old. Last month's issue called Fort
|
|
Lauderdale, Florida home to Stryker, but he had moved to Utah in 1993.
|
|
Galacticomm announced that Bob Shaw, the company's chief executive officer,
|
|
would serve as the new Chairman of the Board.
|
|
|
|
Apple Computer Inc. has reported a fourth quarter profit of $25 million. This
|
|
was somewhat of a surprise to market analysts, as the company had reported $69
|
|
million, $700 million and $32 million in losses for the first three quarters
|
|
of the year.
|
|
|
|
+ + + + +
|
|
|
|
*****************************************************************************
|
|
ATTENTION to Details BBS Clint Bradford, KE6LCS - Sysop
|
|
Mira Loma, California BBS (909) 681-6221 BBS
|
|
Excellence...Across the Board!(sm) Voice Support (909) 681-6210
|
|
|
|
Supporting BBS Member: AOP - Association of Online Professionals
|
|
ASP - Association of Shareware Professionals
|
|
EFF - Electronic Frontier Foundation
|
|
ESC - Educational Software Cooperative
|
|
NCSA - National Computer Security Association
|
|
|
|
Message Networks: MustangNet USNet CoveNet Internet
|
|
MysticNet ILink HamRadioNet
|
|
|
|
Official Bulletin Station of the ARRL - American Radio Relay League
|
|
ATTENTION to Details BBS is managed in compliance with the
|
|
AOP and NCSA Codes of Professional Standards
|
|
*****************************************************************************
|
|
|
|
+ + + + +
|
|
|
|
PBM Flashback - November 1995
|
|
-----------------------------
|
|
|
|
In last year's November issue, the Pasco BBS Magazine ran an update on the
|
|
Association of Online Professionals (AOP). The article featured information
|
|
from AOP promotional material, along with some comments made at ONE BBSCON '95
|
|
in Tampa. Jack Rickard, editor of Boardwatch Magazine and President of ONE
|
|
Inc., made some interesting remarks, while endorsing the AOP at the Welcoming
|
|
Session for the last BBSCON. This month we reprint some of what Jack Rickard
|
|
had to say in the summer of 1995.
|
|
|
|
"Every year it seemed there was someone who came up with the idea of forming
|
|
some sort of association of bulletin board operators. I watched quite a
|
|
parade of them come out, announce something, hope for 15,000 or 20,000 members
|
|
instantly and when they didn't materialize, move on. The question is why
|
|
can't we get all the BBS operators to do x, whatever x is. Basically, I
|
|
didn't know. I had never seen all the bulletin board operators do anything.
|
|
If you got all the bulletin board operators in the world, and laid them end-
|
|
to-end, they couldn't reach a conclusion, much less lunch. They are a fairly
|
|
independent group of people and getting them to do anything is a lot like
|
|
herding cats. I think one of the reasons they run bulletin boards, on-line
|
|
services and their own Web sites is that the rest of the world didn't do to
|
|
suit them. So, they built another one where they could have a little control
|
|
and do it their way."
|
|
|
|
"Politically, almost all of the bulletin board operators tend to be
|
|
Libertarians. None of them actually join the Libertarian Party, there's too
|
|
many rules, you don't really buy into all of it, but the tendency is towards
|
|
Libertarianism, just don't want to actually become a member. When we started
|
|
Boardwatch Magazine people who ran on-line services were viewed much as you
|
|
might a group of people who met every Tuesday evening to exchange
|
|
toothbrushes. They do what? Why do they do that? In recent years, it's not
|
|
that much of a niche. This has gone quite into the national eye and its
|
|
become a bit of a mainstream thing. It also lead to a curious desire by our
|
|
governing structure to do two things, one is to regulate it, and the other is
|
|
tax it. To defend ourselves we are going to have to make some concessions on
|
|
the I don't join and I don't get involved position. The first organization
|
|
I've joined in ten years is now this Association of On-Line Professionals."
|
|
|
|
Editor's Note: PBM Flashback will appear on a regular basis in future issues.
|
|
Each issue will have this brief look back at some of the features which have
|
|
appeared over the history of the Pasco BBS Magazine.
|
|
|
|
+ + + + +
|
|
|
|
S H A R E W A R E R E V I E W
|
|
|
|
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
|
|
³ Program ³ Excuse Maker ³
|
|
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
|
|
³ Author/Vendor ³ OneShot Software ³
|
|
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
|
|
³ Special Requirements ³ Windows ³
|
|
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
|
|
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Excuse Maker Review
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-------------------
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Excuse Maker, a humor program for Windows created by OneShot Software, is
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designed to generate the "perfect" excuse. Dozens of different excuses can be
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printed out in full color. It is an easy to use program.
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To generate an excuse, the user first must select which one to use. An
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example of one of the excuses is that "Someone had to help deliver that herd
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of turkeys." After selecting an excuse, the user clicks on the print icon and
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will have to fill out several fields prior to printing. The fields are "this
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note excuses," "this excuse is being sent to" and "this excuse is from the
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desk of." When the excuse is printed, the "from the desk of" will appear at
|
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the top of the note. The next line printed will say "Dear" and the name that
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was inputed as the receiver of the note. The following line will say "Please
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excuse" and the name entered as the person to be excused. On the last line
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will be the name of the person sending the note. So, the notes will begin
|
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with please excuse whatever the person's name is. That will be followed by
|
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the actual excuse. A couple of excuses are, "or we'll find someone to make
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you eat this excuse" and "then you can blow your nose on this paper."
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Excuse Maker is a cute program with no fees associated with registration.
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However, one glitch is that when the note is printed, a small icon appears at
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the bottom.
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+ + + + +
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ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
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³ For a list of the highlights from back issues of the Pasco BBS Magazine ³
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³ see the BACK.INF file distributed within the PBM archive. ³
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ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
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+ + + + +
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Copyright Law: Part I
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----------------------
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> What is a Copyright?
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Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States
|
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(title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of original works of authorship;
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including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other
|
|
intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and
|
|
unpublished works. Section 106 of the Copyright Act generally gives the owner
|
|
of copyright the exclusive right to do and to authorize others to do the
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following:
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To reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phonorecords; To prepare
|
|
derivative works based upon the copyrighted work; To distribute copies or
|
|
phonorecords of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer
|
|
of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;
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|
|
|
To perform the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary, musical,
|
|
dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other
|
|
audiovisual works; and
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|
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|
To display the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary, musical,
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|
dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or
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|
sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other
|
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audiovisual work.
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It is illegal for anyone to violate any of the rights provided by the Act to
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the owner of copyright. These rights, however, are not unlimited in scope.
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Sections 107 through 119 of the Copyright Act establish limitations on these
|
|
rights. In some cases, these limitations are specified exemptions from
|
|
copyright liability. One major limitation is the doctrine of fair use, which
|
|
is given a statutory basis in section 107 of the Act. In other instances, the
|
|
limitation takes the form of a compulsory license under which certain limited
|
|
uses of copyrighted works are permitted upon payment of specified royalties
|
|
and compliance with statutory conditions. For further information about the
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|
limitations of any of these rights, consult the Copyright Act or write to
|
|
the Copyright Office.
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> Who Can Claim a Copyright
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Copyright protection subsists from the time the work is created in fixed form;
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|
that is, it is an incident of the process of authorship. The copyright in the
|
|
work of authorship immediately becomes the property of the author who created
|
|
it. Only the author or those deriving their rights through the author can
|
|
rightfully claim copyright.
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|
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|
In the case of works made for hire, the employer and not the employee is
|
|
presumptively considered the author. Section 101 of the copyright statute
|
|
defines a work made for hire as:
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|
(1) a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment;
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|
or
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(2) a work specially ordered or commissioned for use as a contribution to a
|
|
collective work, as a part of a motion picture or other audiovisual work,
|
|
as a translation, as a supplementary work, as a compilation, as an
|
|
instructional text, as a test, as answer material for a test, or as an
|
|
atlas, if the parties expressly agree in a written instrument signed by
|
|
them that the work shall be considered a work made for hire....
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|
The authors of a joint work are co-owners of the copyright in the work, unless
|
|
there is an agreement to the contrary. Copyright in each separate
|
|
contribution to a periodical or other collective work is distinct from
|
|
copyright in the collective work as a whole and vests initially with the
|
|
author of the contribution.
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Two General Principles
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Mere ownership of a book, manuscript, painting, or any other copy or
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|
phonorecord does not give the possessor the copyright. The law provides that
|
|
transfer of ownership of any material object that embodies a protected work
|
|
does not of itself convey any rights in the copyright.
|
|
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|
Minors may claim copyright, but state laws may regulate the business dealings
|
|
involving copyrights owned by minors. For information on relevant state laws,
|
|
consult an attorney.
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|
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> Copyright and National Origin of the Work
|
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Copyright protection is available for all unpublished works, regardless of the
|
|
nationality or domicile of the author. Published works are eligible for
|
|
copyright protection in the United States if any one of the following
|
|
conditions is met:
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|
On the date of first publication, one or more of the authors is a national or
|
|
domiciliary of the United States or is a national, domiciliary, or sovereign
|
|
authority of a foreign nation that is a party to a copyright treaty to which
|
|
the United States is also a party, or is a stateless person wherever that
|
|
person may be domiciled; or
|
|
|
|
The work is first published in the United States or in a foreign nation that,
|
|
on the date of first publication, is a party to the Universal Copyright
|
|
Convention; or the work comes within the scope of a Presidential proclamation;
|
|
or
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The work is first published on or after March 1, 1989, in a foreign nation
|
|
that on the date of first publication, is a party to the Berne Convention; or,
|
|
if the work is not first published in a country party to the Berne Convention,
|
|
it is published (on or after March 1, 1989) within 30 days of first
|
|
publication in a country that is party to the Berne Convention; or the work,
|
|
first published on or after March 1, 1989, is a pictorial, graphic, or
|
|
sculptural work that is incorporated in a permanent structure located in the
|
|
United States; or, if the work, first published on or after March 1, 1989, is
|
|
a published audiovisual work, all the authors are legal entities with
|
|
headquarters in the United States.
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> What Works are Protected?
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Copyright protects original works of authorship that are fixed in a tangible
|
|
form of expression. The fixation need not be directly perceptible, so long as
|
|
it may be communicated with the aid of a machine or device. Copyrightable
|
|
works include the following categories:
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(1) literary works;
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(2) musical works, including any accompanying words;
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(3) dramatic works, including any accompanying music;
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(4) pantomimes and choreographic works;
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(5) pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works;
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|
(6) motion pictures and other audiovisual works;
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(7) sound recordings; and
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(8) architectural works.
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|
These categories should be viewed quite broadly: for example, computer
|
|
programs and most compilations are registrable as literary works; maps and
|
|
architectural plans are registrable as pictorial, graphic, and sculptural
|
|
works.
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|
|
> What is Not Protected by Copyright?
|
|
|
|
Several categories of material are generally not eligible for statutory
|
|
copyright protection. These include among others:
|
|
|
|
Works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of expression. For example:
|
|
choreographic works that have not been notated or recorded, or improvisational
|
|
speeches or performances that have not been written or recorded. Titles,
|
|
names, short phrases, and slogans; familiar symbols or designs; mere
|
|
variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring; mere listings
|
|
of ingredients or contents. Ideas, procedures, methods, systems, processes,
|
|
concepts, principles, discoveries, or devices, as distinguished from a
|
|
description, explanation, or illustration. Works consisting entirely of
|
|
information that is common property and containing no original authorship.
|
|
For example: standard calendars, height and weight charts, tape measures and
|
|
rulers, and lists or tables taken from public documents or other common
|
|
sources.
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|
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> How to Secure a Copyright
|
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Copyright Secured Automatically Upon Creation
|
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|
|
The way in which copyright protection is secured under the present law is
|
|
frequently misunderstood. No publication or registration or other action in
|
|
the Copyright Office is required to secure copyright (see following NOTE).
|
|
There are, however, certain definite advantages to registration.
|
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NOTE: Before 1978, statutory copyright was generally secured by the act of
|
|
publication with notice of copyright, assuming compliance with all other
|
|
relevant statutory conditions. Works in the public domain on January 1, 1978
|
|
(for example, works published without satisfying all conditions for securing
|
|
statutory copyright under the Copyright Act of 1909) remain in the public
|
|
domain under the current act. Statutory copyright could also be secured
|
|
before 1978 by the act of registration in the case of certain unpublished
|
|
works and works eligible for ad interim copyright. The current Act
|
|
automatically extends to full term section 304 sets the term) copyright for
|
|
all works including those subject to ad interim copyright if ad interim
|
|
registration has been made on or before June 30, 1978.
|
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|
|
Copyright is secured automatically when the work is created, and a work is
|
|
created when it is fixed in a copy or phonorecord for the first time. Copies
|
|
are material objects from which a work can be read or visually perceived
|
|
either directly or with the aid of a machine or device, such as books,
|
|
manuscripts, sheet music, film, videotape, or microfilm. Phonorecords
|
|
are material objects embodying fixations of sounds (excluding, by statutory
|
|
definition, motion picture soundtracks), such as cassette tapes, CD's, or
|
|
LP's. Thus, for example, a song (the work) can be fixed in sheet music
|
|
(copies) or in phonograph disks (phonorecords), or both.
|
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|
|
If a work is prepared over a period of time, the part of the work that is
|
|
fixed on a particular date constitutes the created work as of that date.
|
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|
|
> Publication
|
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|
|
Publication is no longer the key to obtaining statutory copyright as it was
|
|
under the Copyright Act of 1909. However, publication remains important to
|
|
copyright owners.
|
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|
|
The Copyright Act defines publication as follows:
|
|
|
|
Publication is the distribution of copies or phonorecords of a work to the
|
|
public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or
|
|
lending. The offering to distribute copies or phonorecords to a group of
|
|
persons for purposes of further distribution, public performance, or public
|
|
display constitutes publication. A public performance or display of a work
|
|
does not of itself constitute publication.
|
|
|
|
A further discussion of the definition of publication can be found in the
|
|
legislative history of the Act. The legislative reports define to the public;
|
|
as distribution to persons under no explicit or implicit restrictions with
|
|
respect to disclosure of the contents. The reports state that the definition
|
|
makes it clear that the sale of phonorecords constitutes publication of the
|
|
underlying work, for example, the musical, dramatic, or literary work embodied
|
|
in a phonorecord. The reports also state that it is clear that any form of
|
|
dissemination in which the material object does not change hands, for example,
|
|
performances or displays on television, is not a publication no matter how
|
|
many people are exposed to the work. However, when copies or phonorecords are
|
|
offered for sale or lease to a group of wholesalers, broadcasters, or motion
|
|
picture theaters, publication does take place if the purpose is further
|
|
distribution, public performance, or public display.
|
|
|
|
Publication is an important concept in the copyright law for several reasons:
|
|
|
|
When a work is published, it may bear a notice of copyright to identify the
|
|
year of publication and the name of the copyright owner and to inform the
|
|
public that the work is protected by copyright. Works published before March
|
|
1, 1989, must bear the notice or risk loss of copyright protection. (See
|
|
discussion "notice of copyright" below.)
|
|
|
|
Works that are published in the United States are subject to mandatory deposit
|
|
with the Library of Congress. (See discussion on mandatory deposit, below.)
|
|
|
|
Publication of a work can affect the limitations on the exclusive rights of
|
|
the copyright owner that are set forth in sections 107 through 120 of the law.
|
|
|
|
The year of publication may determine the duration of copyright protection for
|
|
anonymous and pseudonymous works (when the author's identity is not revealed
|
|
in the records of the Copyright Office) and for works made for hire.
|
|
|
|
Deposit requirements for registration of published works differ from those for
|
|
registration of unpublished works. (See discussion on registration
|
|
procedures, below.)
|
|
|
|
> Notice of Copyright
|
|
|
|
For works first published on and after March 1, 1989, use of the copyright
|
|
notice is optional, though highly recommended. Before March 1, 1989, the use
|
|
of the notice was mandatory on all published works, and any work first
|
|
published before that date must bear a notice or risk loss of copyright
|
|
protection.
|
|
|
|
(The Copyright Office does not take a position on whether works first
|
|
published with notice before March 1, 1989, and reprinted and distributed on
|
|
and after March 1, 1989, must bear the copyright notice.)
|
|
|
|
Use of the notice is recommended because it informs the public that the work
|
|
is protected by copyright, identifies the copyright owner, and shows the year
|
|
of first publication. Furthermore, in the event that a work is infringed, if
|
|
the work carries a proper notice, the court will not allow a defendant to
|
|
claim innocent infringement--that is, that he or she did not realize that the
|
|
work is protected. (A successful innocent infringement claim may result in a
|
|
reduction in damages that the copyright owner would otherwise receive.)
|
|
|
|
The use of the copyright notice is the responsibility of the copyright owner
|
|
and does not require advance permission from, or registration with, the
|
|
Copyright Office.
|
|
|
|
Form of Notice for Visually Perceptible Copies
|
|
|
|
The notice for visually perceptible copies should contain all of the following
|
|
three elements:
|
|
|
|
1. The symbol (the letter in a circle), or the word Copyright or the
|
|
abbreviation Copr.; and
|
|
|
|
2. The year of first publication of the work. In the case of compilations or
|
|
derivative works incorporating previously published material, the year date
|
|
of first publication of the compilation or derivative work is sufficient.
|
|
The year date may be omitted where a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural
|
|
work, with accompanying textual matter, if any, is reproduced in or on
|
|
greeting cards, postcards, stationery, jewelry, dolls, toys, or any useful
|
|
article; and
|
|
|
|
3. The name of the owner of copyright in the work, or an abbreviation by which
|
|
the name can be recognized, or a generally known alternative designation of
|
|
the owner.
|
|
|
|
Example: 1995 John Doe
|
|
|
|
The C in a circle notice is used only on visually perceptible copies. Certain
|
|
kinds of works--for example, musical, dramatic, and literary works--may be
|
|
fixed not in copies but by means of sound in an audio recording. Since audio
|
|
recordings such as audio tapes and phonograph disks are phonorecords and not
|
|
copies, the C in a circle notice is not used to indicate protection of the
|
|
underlying musical, dramatic, or literary work that is recorded.
|
|
|
|
Form of Notice for Phonorecords of Sound Recordings
|
|
|
|
The copyright notice for phonorecords of sound recordings* has somewhat
|
|
different requirements. The notice appearing on phonorecords should contain
|
|
the following three elements:
|
|
|
|
*Sound recordings are defined as works that result from the fixation of a
|
|
series of musical, spoken, or other sounds, but not including the sounds
|
|
accompanying a motion picture or other audiovisual work, regardless of the
|
|
nature of the material objects, such as disks, tapes, or other phonorecords,
|
|
in which they are embodied.
|
|
|
|
1. The symbol (the letter P in a circle); and
|
|
|
|
2. The year of first publication of the sound recording; and
|
|
|
|
3. The name of the owner of copyright in the sound recording, or an
|
|
abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally known
|
|
alternative designation of the owner. If the producer of the sound
|
|
recording is named on the phonorecord labels or containers, and if no other
|
|
name appears in conjunction with the notice, the producer's name shall be
|
|
considered a part of the notice.
|
|
|
|
NOTE: Since questions may arise from the use of variant forms of the notice,
|
|
any form of the notice other than those given here should not be used without
|
|
first seeking legal advice.
|
|
|
|
Position of Notice
|
|
|
|
The notice should be affixed to copies or phonorecords of the work in such a
|
|
manner and location as to give reasonable notice of the claim of
|
|
copyright. The notice on phonorecords may appear on the surface of the
|
|
phonorecord or on the phonorecord label or container, provided the manner of
|
|
placement and location give reasonable notice of the claim. The three
|
|
elements of the notice should ordinarily appear together on the copies or
|
|
phonorecords. The Copyright Office has issued regulations concerning the form
|
|
and position of the copyright notice in the Code of Federal Regulations (37
|
|
CFR Part 201). For more information, request Circular 3.
|
|
|
|
Publications Incorporating United States Government Works
|
|
|
|
Works by the U.S. Government are not eligible for copyright protection. For
|
|
works published on and after March 1, 1989, the previous notice requirement
|
|
for works consisting primarily of one or more U.S. Government works has been
|
|
eliminated. However, use of the copyright notice for these works is still
|
|
strongly recommended. Use of a notice on such a work will defeat a claim of
|
|
innocent infringement as previously described provided the notice also
|
|
includes a statement that identifies one of the following: those portions of
|
|
the work in which copyright is claimed or those portions that constitute U.S.
|
|
Government material.
|
|
|
|
An example is:
|
|
|
|
1994 Jane Brown. Copyright claimed in Chapters 7-10, exclusive of U.S.
|
|
Government maps.
|
|
|
|
Works published before March 1, 1989, that consist primarily of one or more
|
|
works of the U.S. Government must bear a notice and the identifying statement.
|
|
|
|
Unpublished Works
|
|
|
|
To avoid an inadvertent publication without notice, the author or other owner
|
|
of copyright may wish to place a copyright notice on any copies or
|
|
phonorecords that leave his or her control. An appropriate notice for an
|
|
unpublished work is:
|
|
|
|
Unpublished work 1994 Jane Doe.
|
|
|
|
Effect of Omission of the Notice or of Error in the Name or Date
|
|
|
|
The Copyright Act, in sections 405 and 406, provides procedures for correcting
|
|
errors and omissions of the copyright notice on works published on or after
|
|
January 1, 1978, and before March 1, 1989. In general, if a notice was
|
|
omitted or an error was made on copies distributed on or after January 1,
|
|
1978, and before March 1, 1989, the copyright was not automatically lost.
|
|
Copyright protection may be maintained if registration for the work has been
|
|
made before or is made within 5 years after the publication without notice,
|
|
and a reasonable effort is made to add the notice to all copies or
|
|
phonorecords that are distributed to the public in the United States after the
|
|
omission has been discovered. For more information request Circular 3.
|
|
|
|
> How Long Copyright Protection Endures
|
|
|
|
Works Originally Created On or After January 1, 1978
|
|
|
|
A work that is created (fixed in tangible form for the first time) on or after
|
|
January 1, 1978, is automatically protected from the moment of its creation,
|
|
and is ordinarily given a term enduring for the author's life, plus an
|
|
additional 50 years after the author's death. In the case of a joint work
|
|
prepared by two or more authors who did not work for hire, the term lasts for
|
|
50 years after the last surviving author's death. For works made for hire,
|
|
and for anonymous and pseudonymous works (unless the author's identity is
|
|
revealed in Copyright Office records), the duration of copyright will be 75
|
|
years from publication or 100 years from creation, whichever is shorter.
|
|
|
|
Works Originally Created Before January 1, 1978, But Not Published or
|
|
Registered by That Date
|
|
|
|
Works that were created but not published or registered for copyright before
|
|
January 1, 1978, have been automatically brought under the statute and are now
|
|
given Federal copyright protection. The duration of copyright in these works
|
|
will generally be computed in the same way as for works created on or after
|
|
January 1, 1978: the life-plus-50 or 75/100-year terms will apply to them as
|
|
well.
|
|
|
|
The law provides that in no case will the term of copyright for works in this
|
|
category expire before December 31, 2002, and for works published on or before
|
|
December 31, 2002, the term of copyright will not expire before December 31,
|
|
2027.
|
|
|
|
Works Originally Created and Published or Registered Before January 1, 1978
|
|
|
|
Under the law in effect before 1978, copyright was secured either on the date
|
|
a work was published or on the date of registration if the work was registered
|
|
in unpublished form. In either case, the copyright endured for a first term
|
|
of 28 years from the date it was secured. During the last (28th) year of the
|
|
first term, the copyright was eligible for renewal. The current copyright law
|
|
has extended the renewal term from 28 to 47 years for copyrights that were
|
|
subsisting on January 1, 1978, making these works eligible for a total term of
|
|
protection of 75 years.
|
|
|
|
Public Law 102-307, enacted on June 26, 1992, amended the Copyright Act of
|
|
1976 to extend automatically the term of copyrights secured from January 1,
|
|
1964, through December 31, 1977 to the further term of 47 years and increased
|
|
the filing fee from $12 to $20. This fee increase applies to all renewal
|
|
applications filed on or after June 29, 1992. P.L. 102-307 makes renewal
|
|
registration optional. There is no need to make the renewal filing in order
|
|
to extend the original 28-year copyright term to the full 75 years. However,
|
|
some benefits accrue to making a renewal registration during the 28th year of
|
|
the original term. For more detailed information on the copyright term, write
|
|
to the Copyright Office and request Circulars 15, 15a, and 15t. For
|
|
information on how to search the Copyright Office records concerning the
|
|
copyright status of a work, request Circular 22.
|
|
|
|
> Transfer of Copyright
|
|
|
|
Any or all of the exclusive rights, or any subdivision of those rights, of the
|
|
copyright owner may be transferred, but the transfer of exclusive rights is
|
|
not valid unless that transfer is in writing and signed by the owner of the
|
|
rights conveyed (or such owner's duly authorized agent). Transfer of a right
|
|
on a nonexclusive basis does not require a written agreement.
|
|
|
|
A copyright may also be conveyed by operation of law and may be bequeathed by
|
|
will or pass as personal property by the applicable laws of interstate
|
|
succession.
|
|
|
|
Copyright is a personal property right, and it is subject to the various state
|
|
laws and regulations that govern the ownership, inheritance, or transfer of
|
|
personal property as well as terms of contracts or conduct of business. For
|
|
information about relevant state laws, consult an attorney.
|
|
|
|
Transfers of copyright are normally made by contract. The Copyright Office
|
|
does not have or supply any forms for such transfers. However, the law does
|
|
provide for the recordation in the Copyright Office of transfers of copyright
|
|
ownership. Although recordation is not required to make a valid transfer
|
|
between the parties, it does provide certain legal advantages and may be
|
|
required to validate the transfer as against third parties. For information
|
|
on recordation of transfers and other documents related to copyright, request
|
|
Circular 12.
|
|
|
|
Termination of Transfers
|
|
|
|
Under the previous law, the copyright in a work reverted to the author, if
|
|
living, or if the author was not living, to other specified beneficiaries,
|
|
provided a renewal claim was registered in the 28th year of the original term.
|
|
[The copyright in works eligible for renewal on or after June 26, 1992, will
|
|
vest in the name of the renewal claimant on the effective date of any renewal
|
|
registration made during the 28th year of the original term. Otherwise, the
|
|
renewal copyright will vest in the party entitled to claim renewal as of
|
|
December 31st of the 28th year.] The present law drops the renewal feature
|
|
except for works already in the first term of statutory protection when the
|
|
present law took effect. Instead, the present law permits termination of a
|
|
grant of rights after 35 years under certain conditions by serving written
|
|
notice on the transferee within specified time limits.
|
|
|
|
For works already under statutory copyright protection before 1978, the
|
|
present law provides a similar right of termination covering the newly added
|
|
years that extended the former maximum term of the copyright from 56 to 75
|
|
years. For further information, request Circulars 15a and 15t.
|
|
|
|
> International Copyright Protection
|
|
|
|
There is no such thing as an international copyright that will automatically
|
|
protect an author's writings throughout the entire world. Protection against
|
|
unauthorized use in a particular country depends, basically, on the national
|
|
laws of that country. However, most countries do offer protection to foreign
|
|
works under certain conditions, and these conditions have been greatly
|
|
simplified by international copyright treaties and conventions. For a list of
|
|
countries which maintain copyright relations with the United States, request
|
|
Circular 38a.
|
|
|
|
The United States belongs to both global, multilateral copyright treaties--the
|
|
Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) and the Berne Convention for the
|
|
Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. The United States was a founding
|
|
member of the UCC, which came into force on September 16, 1955. Generally, a
|
|
work by a national or domiciliary of a country that is a member of the UCC or
|
|
a work first published in a UCC country may claim protection under the UCC.
|
|
If the work bears the notice of copyright in the form and position specified
|
|
by the UCC, this notice will satisfy and substitute for any other formalities
|
|
a UCC member country would otherwise impose as a condition of copyright. A
|
|
UCC notice should consist of the symbol accompanied by the name of the
|
|
copyright proprietor and the year of first publication of the work.
|
|
|
|
By joining the Berne Convention on March 1, 1989, the United States gained
|
|
protection for its authors in all member nations of the Berne Union with which
|
|
the United States formerly had either no copyright relations or had bilateral
|
|
treaty arrangements. Members of the Berne Union agree to a certain minimum
|
|
level of copyright protection and agree to treat nationals of other member
|
|
countries like their own nationals for purposes of copyright. A work first
|
|
published in the United States or another Berne Union country (or first
|
|
published in a non-Berne country, followed by publication within 30 days in a
|
|
Berne Union country) is eligible for protection in all Berne member countries.
|
|
There are no special requirements.
|
|
|
|
For information on the legislation implementing the Berne Convention, request
|
|
Circular 93 from the Copyright Office.
|
|
|
|
An author who wishes protection for his or her work in a particular country
|
|
should first find out the extent of protection of foreign works in that
|
|
country. If possible, this should be done before the work is published
|
|
anywhere, since protection may often depend on the facts existing at the time
|
|
of first publication.
|
|
|
|
If the country in which protection is sought is a party to one of the
|
|
international copyright conventions, the work may generally be protected by
|
|
complying with the conditions of the convention. Even if the work cannot be
|
|
brought under an international convention, protection under the specific
|
|
provisions of the country's national laws may still be possible. Some
|
|
countries, however, offer little or no copyright protection for foreign works.
|
|
|
|
Editors Note: Look for the rest of this law to be published in next month's
|
|
issue under the title, Copyright Law: Part II.
|
|
|
|
+ + + + +
|
|
|
|
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
|
|
² ²
|
|
² Board of Trade BBS New Port Richey, Florida ²
|
|
² ²
|
|
² (813) 862-4772 12/24/48/96/144/28800 baud ²
|
|
² ²
|
|
² The Hobby BBS for the Entire Family! ²
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|
² ²
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|
² Pasco County's Information Source ²
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|
² Home of the Pasco BBS Magazine, DA BUCS and BBS Basics ²
|
|
² ²
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|
² Call here FIRST for the BEST in Shareware ²
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² Official Distribution Site: ²
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|
² Alive Software, Apogee Software, Epic MegaGames, Gamer's Edge, ²
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² Id Software, Impulse Software, MVP Software, Safari Software, ²
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|
² Software Creations, Soleau Software and Union Logic Software ²
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|
² ²
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|
² Supporting the Local Computer Community ²
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² Local Author Support File Directory ²
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|
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+ + + + +
|
|
|
|
Next Month
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
The December issue of the Pasco BBS Magazine will feature our annual update of
|
|
The BBS Glossary and the conclusion of our article on the Copyright Law. Ed
|
|
Garwood's Computer Basics will return, along with the latest news and all our
|
|
regular features.
|
|
|
|
The December issue of the Pasco BBS Magazine will be available on, or before,
|
|
November 22. Make sure you do not miss a single issue of Tampa Bay's oldest
|
|
free on-line magazine!
|
|
|
|
+ + + + +
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|
|
Important Information
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
The Pasco BBS Magazine is distributed free of charge, as long as it is
|
|
unaltered and complete. When uploading make sure the original archive is
|
|
intact with all files included.
|
|
|
|
The Pasco BBS Magazine is the sole property of the Board of Trade BBS and
|
|
Richard Ziegler. It is legally copyrighted material and all rights are
|
|
reserved. No part of this magazine may be used without permission. No
|
|
compensation of any kind may be received for the viewing, distribution, or for
|
|
any other use of the magazine files.
|
|
|
|
By submitting something, you are agreeing to allow publication of the material
|
|
in the magazine. Articles reprinted with permission remain the property of
|
|
the cited source. Guest contributions may not necessarily reflect the views
|
|
of the Pasco BBS Magazine. The editor reserves the right to edit submissions,
|
|
however, this is normally only done to correct spelling or grammatical errors.
|
|
The editor makes all determinations on what and when articles will run.
|
|
|
|
Every effort is made to insure that all information contained within the Pasco
|
|
BBS Magazine is accurate, but inadvertently mistakes can appear. The Pasco
|
|
BBS Magazine, Board of Trade BBS or Richard Ziegler cannot be held liable for
|
|
information contained within this document. It is intended that this magazine
|
|
exists for the personal enjoyment of the readers.
|
|
|
|
Rather than place a trademark symbol at every occurrence of a trademarked
|
|
name, it is stated that trademarks are only being used in an editorial fashion
|
|
with no intention of any infringement of the trademark itself.
|
|
|
|
More information can be found in the other files distributed with the
|
|
magazine's archive.
|
|
|
|
Comments, questions, suggestions and submissions can be left on the Board
|
|
of Trade BBS (813) 862-4772, or mailed to Board of Trade BBS, P.O. Box 1853,
|
|
New Port Richey, FL 34656.
|
|
|
|
+ + + + +
|
|
|
|
(C)Copyright 1996 Richard Ziegler - All Rights Reserved
|
|
|
|
+ + + + + |