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º December 1996 Volume 4 Number 12 º
ÇÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄĶ
º Board of Trade BBS New Port Richey, Florida (813) 862-4772 º
ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍͼ
In This Issue
-------------
þ NetDay '96 Highlights
- Including letters from President Clinton and Vice-President Gore
þ SPA and AOP Press Releases
þ Copyright Law: Part II
þ The BBS Glossary
þ Computer Basics
Written by Ed Garwood
þ Reviews, humor and all the latest news
+ + + + +
Editor's Welcome
----------------
Happy holidays and welcome to the Pasco BBS Magazine.
I say it at the end of every year, and it is just as true now as it was in the
past, it is hard to believe that another year has flown by. The next issue of
this magazine will have a 1997 date on it, yes time flies. I certainly hope
1996 was a great year for everyone and hope that 1997 will bring all the best
for the readers of the Pasco BBS Magazine! I hope that everyone has a great
holiday season!
This month we offer continuing coverage of NetDay '96, highlighted by letters
that President Clinton and Vice-President Gore wrote about the nationwide
effort to wire our schools for the Internet. No, these were not letters
written exclusively for the Pasco BBS Magazine, and I have no knowledge that
the President and Vice-President have ever read this publication. This
month's issue also has our annual updated BBS Glossary and the second part of
the article on the Copyright Law. We also present both sides, by way of press
releases, on a code of standards developed by the Software Publishers
Association (SPA) for Internet Service Providers. The Association of Online
Professionals (AOP) is encouraging ISPs not to sign the SPA standards and the
press releases do make for interesting reading. As always, all our regular
features are back, including Ed Garwood's Computer Basics and all the latest
news.
Thanks for reading!
+ + + + +
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ PASCO BBS MAGAZINE ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Tampa Bay's Oldest Free On-line Magazine! ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ EDITOR: Richard Ziegler ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ HOME BBS: Board of Trade BBS (813) 862-4772 ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ World Wide Web Home Page: http://www.sanctum.com/pasco ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
+ + + + +
NetDay '96 Highlights
---------------------
On Saturday October 26, 1996, thousands of volunteers installed computer
cables in schools across the United States. Organizers called it "a grass-
roots volunteer effort to wire schools so they can network their computers and
connect them to the Internet." The goal was "to wire at least five
schoolrooms and a library in every school in the United States." These
volunteers were parents, teachers, students, and school employees, with help
from companies and unions. An estimated 1,000 Florida schools were wired,
including eleven public schools in Pasco County.
In addition to the letter published in this issue, President Bill Clinton
endorsed the undertaking. "In our schools, every classroom in America must be
connected to the information superhighway, with computers and good software,
and well-trained teachers. NetDay96 is a great example of what volunteer
efforts can do for America's schools." Florida Governor Lawton Chiles has
called it "One of the most important days in the history of education in our
state."
Florida has plans for this to be an ongoing effort, as next year the game plan
is to concentrate on making sure the schools have the necessary hardware.
NetDay '96 co-founder Michael Kaufman has announced April 19, 1997 as next
year's target wiring date.
The Florida effort was organized by Barbara Sampson, who co-founded Intermedia
Communications, a Tampa based firm that coordinated the state's efforts.
Other companies joined in the effort and this article concludes with a list of
the Florida NetDay sponsors. 360 Communications; ALLTELL Florida, Inc.;
Anister, Anston, Greenless; Apple Computers; Arvida; Associated Networks; AT&T
Telecommunications of the Southern States, Inc.; AT&T Florida; ATS Services;
Barnett Bank; BellSouth; BICSI; Board of Regents; BOMA; Bosek Gibson; Broward
Economic Development Council, Inc.; Busch Entertainment Corporation; Cabletron
Systems; Cargill Fertilizer, Inc.; Channel 8; CitiCorp; Continental Florida;
CSX Technologies; Telecommunications, Inc.; CyberGate, Inc.; D & V Concepts,
Inc.; Danka Data Technologies; Davis Baldwin Insurance; DeNight Advertising;
Department of Banking & Finance; EEC; First Union; Florida Beer Wholesalers
Association Inc.; Florida Council on Economic Education; Florida Chamber
Foundation; Fowler, White, Gillen, Boggs, et al; Frontier Communications of
the South; FTIA; Gator Telecom; Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce; GTE; GTE
Mobilnet; Holland & Knight; IBM; Indiantown Telephone System, Inc.; Interim
Services; Intermedia Communications; International Transit; Internet Network
Corporation; Junior League of Tampa Bay; Kash n' Karry; Lenny & Vinny New York
Pizzeria and Bakery; Lunelle Siegel for Congress; Messer, Caparello, Madsen,
Goldman & Metz; Micro Data; MOSI; NationsBank; NationalTel; Northeast Florida
Telephone Company; One Buccaneer Place; Our Town USA; Outback Steak House;
PTS/ADN; Paradigm Communications; PCI; Pepin Distributing Company; Precision
Systems, Inc.; Progressive Business Solutions; Publix; Quantum Technology
QTSI; Quincy Telephone Company; Rutledge, Ecenia, Underwood, Purnell, Hoffman;
Ryder System, Inc.; St. Joseph's Telecommunications, Scott Lyle & Associates;
Shepard Electric Company; Sprint State University System of Florida; SunTrust
Bank, Miami; SunTrust Bank, Tampa Bay; System One Technologies; Tampa Bay
Business Journal; Tampa Chamber of Commerce; Tampa Sports Authority Stadium;
TECHMATiX; TECO; The Florida Council of 100; TTC-Telecommunications
Techniques; Universal Studios; University of Miami; USF; USF Department of
Business Administration; USF Department of Communication Sciences; USF
Department of Public Relations; US Navy; Vision Net; Waldec Group; WW Gay;
jb of Florida Inc.; Winn Dixie; and Xerox.
+ + + + +
NetDay '96: A Letter from President Bill Clinton
-------------------------------------------------
Date: October 26, 1996
To: All Americans
From: Bill Clinton (president@whitehouse.gov)
Subject: NetDay96
Today is NetDay in 18 states across the country. I want to thank the tens of
thousands of parents, businesspeople, students and teachers who are
volunteering their time and money to connect schools and classrooms to the
Internet. Last March, Vice President Gore and I joined in the first NetDay,
when one-fifth of California's schools were connected to the Net on one day.
This mission is critical, if we are to offer opportunity to all our young
people. In my State of the Union Address, I challenged Americans to connect
every classroom and library in America to the Information Superhighway by the
year 2000, with trained teachers and top quality educational software. NetDay
is an exciting response to that challenge. And this spring I proposed a $2
billion Technology Literacy Challenge, and I'm pleased that Congress has
responded by allocating more than $200 million for our first year alone.
The Internet is transforming our lives -- serving as our new town square,
changing the way we live, the way we work, and the way we learn. We are using
it to help families protect their health; we are finding cures for diseases by
posting the map of human genes; we are using it to track deadbeat parents; we
are making our government more accessible to the public. We must continue to
unlock its potential. I believe that libraries and schools should be given
free basic connections to the Internet, so that every student and every adult
will have free access to the wealth of knowledge it holds. And last month, I
proposed a $100 million commitment to improve and expand the Internet -- to
create the next generation of the Net.
I encourage all of you to join in this electronic "barnraising." NetDay is
just the first step -- let's make 1997 NetYear.
Bill Clinton
+ + + + +
NetDay '96: A Letter from Vice President Al Gore
-------------------------------------------------
Date: October 26, 1996
To: All Americans
From: Al Gore (vice-president@whitehouse.gov)
Subject: NetDay96
On Saturday, October 26, 1996, thousands of volunteers in 18 states will begin
wiring their schools to the Information Superhighway. I congratulate all of
the organizers, sponsors and volunteers who are participating in this historic
and exciting effort. Throughout the fall, NetDay organizers aim to wire as
many as 25,000 schools across the country; more than 20 percent of all public
and private schools. And it's not just these 18 states getting involved. All
50 states are planning efforts to connect our young people to the future.
President Clinton and I helped to wire classrooms in March during the first
NetDay in California. Our goal is to ensure that every young person is
technologically literate by the 21st century. We must give them the tools
they need to be successful in the Information Age, and it starts in classrooms
and libraries across the country.
Technology is a powerful tool for teaching and learning. In schools that have
computers and access to the Internet, teachers can exchange lesson plans with
each other and communicate with parents via electronic mail. Students can log
into the Library of Congress to research a history paper, communicate in real-
time with scientists in Antarctica, and learn about the possibility of life on
Mars from the NASA home page on the World Wide Web. When students get hooked
on learning, test scores go up and dropout and absenteeism rates go down.
NetDay sponsors, organizers and volunteers help to build a bridge to the 21st
century for all of our nation's children -- rich and poor, urban and rural.
There is nothing more important then providing young people with the resources
and opportunities they need to succeed in the future.
Congratulations and thank you, again, to all of those participating in NetDays
across the country. For more information on NetDay activities in all 50
states, visit the NetDay home page at http://www.netday96.com
Al Gore
+ + + + +
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ÆØØØØØØØØØØØ Board of Trade BBS ØØØØØØØØØص
ÆØØØØØØØØØ New Port Richey, Florida ØØØØØØØص
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ÆØØØØØ FidoNet: 1:3619/10 ØØØص
ÆØØØ Øص
ÆØ The Hobby BBS for the Entire Family! ص
³ ³
³ Pasco County's Information Source ³
³ Home of the Pasco BBS Magazine, DA BUCS and BBS Basics ³
³ ³
³ Call here FIRST for the BEST in Shareware ³
³ Official Distribution Site for the Most Popular Authors ³
ÆØ Øµ
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ÔÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏϾ
+ + + + +
Computer Basics
---------------
Written by Ed Garwood, Hudson, FL
Copying Routines
One of the more important procedures in the use of the computer is the copying
of files from one disk to another. To accomplish this, DOS provides us with
three copying commands:
DISKCOPY, COPY, and XCOPY.
Each will permit us to transfer files, although in a different manner. First,
the procedure under DOS.
DISKCOPY - This is perhaps the easiest command to use, but it is also the most
restrictive. Using Diskcopy, one can transfer the entire contents of one disk
to another. However, the transfer must be accomplished between identical
floppy disks (not hard disks). You cannot transfer files from a 5 1/4" disk
to a 3 1/2" disk, or from a double-density disk to a high-density disk. Nor
can a Hard Disk be involved.
If you have two 5 1/4" disk drives, place the source disk (the one with the
files) in the A: drive, and the target (empty) disk in the B: drive. (The
target disk need not be pre-formatted, since it will be formatted
automatically during the copying procedure. Then, type: A:\> Diskcopy A: B:
and press <Enter>.
The computer will then copy ALL files from A to B. At the end, the target
disk will be an exact copy of the source disk.
If you have one 5 1/4" drive (A) and one 3 1/2" drive (B), there is a
different procedure. If the source disk is a 5 1/2" disk, place it in the
A: drive and type: A:\> Diskcopy A: A:
The computer will start transferring files from the source disk into memory.
Then it will prompt you to replace the source disk with the target disk (same
type), and press <Enter>. Depending on the amount of data on the source disk,
you may have to swap back and forth more than once. The screen will tell you
when to make the swap.
If you are copying a 3 1/2" disk, you would insert the source disk in the B:
drive and type: B:\> Diskcopy B: B:
The swapping procedure will be the same as described above.
COPY - This command is used when you only want to copy one file at a time, and
the disks need not be identical. You can copy between floppies, hard disk to
floppy, or floppy to hard disk.
To copy, say, from A: to B:, place the source disk in A: and a formatted disk
in B:. Then type: A:\> Copy filename.ext B:
When the copying is finished the screen will show: (1) File Copied
If you want to copy a second file, use the same procedure.
To copy from B: drive to Hard Disk, put the source disk in B: and type:
B: copy filename.ext C:
If there is a directory involved, the procedure is slightly different. For
instance, say you have a Directory entitled WORDPRO on your C: drive, and you
want to copy a file from the 3 1/2" disk to the C: drive WORDPRO directory.
Type: B:\> COPY filename.ext C:\Wordpro
If the file to be transferred from B: was in a directory of its own, such as
SPEEDPRO, you would have to type: B:\> CD\SPEEDPRO and press <Enter>.
Then, at the prompt B: SPEEDPRO\> you would type: COPY filename.ext c:\WORDPRO
and the file would be transferred.
NOTE: If you wanted to copy all of the files on the source disk to another
disk, you could type the command:
A:\> COPY *.* B: (*.* is a wild card command)
You would use this procedure when you want to copy an entire disk and the
second disk was NOT identical, and therefore you could not use DISKCOPY.
XCOPY - This command works much like COPY, but is used when you want to copy
all files in the a certain directory. For instance, to copy files in the DOCS
directory, including those in a sub-directory, the command would be:
A:\> XCOPY A:\DOCS B: /s/e
The /s switch tells the computer to include sub-directories, and the /e switch
says "include empty sub-directories, if any." If the s/switch is used, the /e
switch must be used.
NOTE: You can use XCOPY with the wild card *.* symbol if you want to copy a
diskful of individual files. The command would be: A: XCOPY *.* B:
You will see that this is the same as the wild card example we used in the
COPY command discussion above. In this case, using XCOPY means a faster
transfer of files than if one used the COPY command.
There is one other very practical use for XCOPY, and that is using it as a
backup program to back up a large number of files requiring more than one
floppy disk. If you have a number of files you wish to back up, go to the
hard disk directory which you wish to back up, and (assuming you wish to copy
to the A: drive) type Attrib +A *.*. This puts the Archive attribute on all
of the files. Then type XCOPY *.* a: /m and press <Enter>. The files will be
copied to the A Drive. When the A drive disk is full, you will see the
message: Insufficient Disk Space.
At this point, remove the A drive disk and replace it with another (formatted)
disk, and press the F3 key. Then press <Enter>. XCOPY will take up where it
left off, copying more files to the second disk. Continue this procedure
until you know you have copied all of the file you wished to copy, or you get
the message: 0 Files copied.
You now have your backed-up files on disks. Label them and put them away. If
you ever want to copy them back to the hard disk, use the command:
XCOPY *.* c:\(directory)
feeding each new disk as desired.
There are other ways to use the copying commands, especially XCOPY, but the
ones cited here are the most common. For further information, consult your
DOS instruction manual.
Copying under WINDOWS.
The procedures under Windows are somewhat different. For instance, you will
not see the terms Diskcopy or Xcopy in Windows, although you can actually
accomplish the same effect.
First, open your File Manager. Assuming you will copy from A drive, click on
the A (upper left corner of the window). Now, to make a copy of your disk
(Like DISKCOPY), click on the DISK heading, and then click on 'Copy Disk'. A
new window will open, and you will see that the two boxes therein already are
set for Drive A. Click on OK and follows further prompts.
NOTE: as in the DOS instance above, you can copy this way ONLY to a disk that
is exactly the same as the source disk. Otherwise, you will get an error
message that the disks are not compatible.
To copy individual files to another disk, open File Manager, and highlight the
file to be copied. Click on the FILE heading, and then click on 'Copy'. This
will open the Copy window. Your file name will already be listed in the FROM:
box. Go to the TO: box and enter the Drive you wish to copy to, and click on
OK.
If you wish to copy all of the files, do not highlight a file name. Just
click on Copy, and in the Copy window, go to the FROM: box. Type in A:\*.* to
show you want to copy ALL files. Then, go to the TO: box and type in the
destination drive. Click on OK and follow any prompts.
Editor's Note: Look for another installment of Computer Basics in next
month's issue. Ed Garwood may be contacted by leaving a message on the Board
of Trade BBS at (813) 862-4772. He is also active in the Pasco ComPats
Computer Club. The club meets the second and fourth Thursday of the month at
the New Port Richey City Council Chambers at the intersection of Main and
Madison Streets in New Port Richey, Florida. For more information about the
Pasco ComPats Computer Club, contact club President Robert Donbar at (813)
863-3963.
+ + + + +
*****************************************************************************
ATTENTION to Details BBS Clint Bradford, KE6LCS - Sysop
Mira Loma, California BBS (909) 681-6221 BBS
Excellence...Across the Board!(sm) Voice Support (909) 681-6210
Supporting BBS Member: AOP - Association of Online Professionals
ASP - Association of Shareware Professionals
EFF - Electronic Frontier Foundation
ESC - Educational Software Cooperative
NCSA - National Computer Security Association
Message Networks: MustangNet USNet CoveNet Internet
MysticNet ILink HamRadioNet
Official Bulletin Station of the ARRL - American Radio Relay League
ATTENTION to Details BBS is managed in compliance with the
AOP and NCSA Codes of Professional Standards
*****************************************************************************
+ + + + +
EFF Quote of the Month
----------------------
"There are a lot of dumb people with powerful tools."
- Jonah Seiger, EFF Program Coordinator, 1994
Editor's Note: The Electronic Frontier Foundation Quote of the Month is a
collection of the wittiest and stupidest, most sublime and most inane comments
ever said about cryptography, civil liberties, networking, government,
privacy, and more. For more information on the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, contact the EFF via the Internet, phone, fax, or US Mail. The
Electronic Frontier Foundation, 1001 G Street NW, Suite 950 E, Washington, DC
20001, (202) 347-5400 (voice), (202) 393-5509 (fax), (202) 638-6119 (BBS),
Internet: ask@eff.org.
+ + + + +
²²²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²²²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²± THE NEWS
²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²± ²²± ²²± ²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± DIRECTORY
²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²±²²± ²²±²± ²²± ²²± ²²²±
²²± ²²± ²²±²²²²± ²²²²± ²²±²±²²± ²²²± A brief look
²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²± ²²±²± ²²²²²²²± ²²²± at some of
²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²± ²²²±²²²± ²²± ²²± the news of
²²²²± ²²± ²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²²²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²± the month
International Business Machines (IBM) had $1.29 billion in net income for the
quarter ending September 30, 1996. This was a 1.4 percent decline from the
same quarter last year. Microsoft Corp. reported $614 million in profits for
the same quarter, which was a 23 percent increase from the previous year.
Popular humor columnist Dave Barry has written a new book called "Dave Barry
in Cyberspace." In it he states that the World Wide Web operates at the speed
of the Department of Motor Vehicles and that the Internet is run by a 13 year
old named Jason. The book has been released by Crown Publishing.
Computer Gaming World magazine celebrated its 15th anniversary by publishing a
list of the 150 Best Games of All Time. Microprose's 1993 release of Sid
Meier's Civilization was listed as the number one game. The special November
1996 "Collector's Issue" also listed the 50 Worst Games of All Time. For
additional information check out their site on the World Wide Web at
http://www.zd.com/gaming.
+ + + + +
S H A R E W A R E R E V I E W
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ Program ³ Telemate for Windows ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Author/Vendor ³ White River Software ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Special Requirements ³ Windows ³
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Telemate for Windows Review
---------------------------
The DOS version of the Shareware communications package Telemate has been
around for years and is known for its ease of setup. That original version
was one that I have suggested that new modem users evaluate, as it would get
them up and running in no time. Telemate for Windows shares that some ease of
setup.
Winfred Hu and White River Software have created a very easy to use
telecommunications program, while not sacrificing any of the features one
would desire in a sophisticated communications package. The program has many
options to maintain your dialing directory, including sorting by user defined
criteria and changing the total number of entries in the directory. There is
the ability to save a session to a log file, or to browse through the scroll
back buffer. Telemate has search features, full script options, and you can
enter your name and password at the click of a mouse. The built in protocols
are Zmodem, Ymodem-G, Ymodem, Xmodem-CRC, Xmodem-1K and Xmodem. Users can
view image files as they are downloading.
Telemate for Windows quickly installs on either Windows 3.1 or Windows 95.
There are configuration options to setup the screen, and windows, to however
the user desires. The program may be registered for $39.
+ + + + +
ROTFL!
------
Computer humor courtesy of Sandy Illes
Thank You For Your Flame (c)1995 Sandy Illes
Your recent reply has warmed my heart as well as other exterior body parts. I
thank God every day that you are willing to let the sun continue to shine. It
must be so lonely in this world for one of such immortal stature as yourself.
Although your post contained (pick as many as required):
__ Spelling mistakes
__ Grammatical errors
__ An off-topic message
__ Language that could curl Rambo's hair
__ A profusion of fallacies
__ Proof that you are probably legally insane
__ An X-rated GIF of your mother
it isn't necessary to apologize since I know how hard it must be for a God-
like creature such as yourself to rule the world and still have time to proof-
read.
In the future, I intend to (pick as many as required):
__ Build a monument to you out of manure, as befits your stature
__ Kill your dog
__ Give your name to Rush Limbaugh and tell him that you're a LIBERAL
__ Turn you in as a tax cheat
__ Mail your boss that X-rated GIF of you and the German Shepherd in the hot
tub
__ Ignore you and hope you'll go away
It is with great hope that I tell you:
__ Get a life
__ Grow up
__ Try using Neet to get rid of the hair on your palms
__ Go tell someone who cares
Editor's Note: Thank you to ROTFL Digest!, and its editor Sandy Illes for
allowing the above to be reprinted from a prior issue of the on-line humor
magazine. ROTFL Digest! is published by Access Media Systems, which may be
contacted at (905) 847-7143, or (905) 847-7362. You may also email Sandy
Illes at sandyi@pathcom.com, or visit their home page on the World Wide Web at
http://www.pathcom.com/~sandyi.
+ + + + +
ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»
º º
º ßÛß ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ Ûßßß ÛßÛ Ûßßß ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ßßÛßß Û Û ÛßÛßÛ º
º Û Û Û Û Û Ûß ÛßßÛ ßßßÛ ÛßßÛ Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û º
º ßßß ß ß ß ß ßßßß ß ß ßßßß ß ß ß ß ßßßß ß ßßßß ß ß º
º º
º ÛßÛ ÛßÛ Ûßßß º
º ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ßßßÛ º
º ßßßß ßßßß ßßßß º
º º
º Since 1985 - Pasco County's Oldest BBS º
º º
º Sysops - Rob & Carolyn Marlowe º
º º
º Popular Chat Board, On-Line Games, CD-ROMS, Internet, FidoNet º
º º
º Ten Lines - (813) 848-6055 Voice - (813) 845-0893 º
º º
º telenet: sanctum.com º
º º
º READ THE PASCO BBS MAGAZINE AT: http://www.sanctum.com/pasco º
º º
ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍͼ
+ + + + +
PBM Flashback - December 1995
-----------------------------
In last year's December issue, the Pasco BBS Magazine ran three different
updated renditions of the traditional holiday poem The Night Before Christmas.
These versions were about computers, and had titles like "The Sysop's Night
Before Christmas" and "The Electronic Christmas." These, and other variations
on the same theme, have been floating around cyberspace for years. Here is
one of the modern day adaptations that ran in last year's December issue of
the Pasco BBS Magazine.
T'was The Night Before Christmas (or the Electronic Christmas)
T'was the night before Christmas and all thru the house,
Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse.
The Sysop was sitting there smoking his pipe,
While the modem was waiting for someone to type.
Then all of a sudden the modem went click,
Login appears and typed was 'Saint Nick'.
'North Pole' was entered for the location,
and then he completed the short application.
I sat there a second, stunned and confused,
And the system responded, "Application Approved."
I said to myself, "No, this cannot be!"
"To get approval you must have a key."
The disks went spinning and the modem was flashing,
Messages went scrolling and I thought it was crashing.
Then as quick as it started the modem went click,
The screen returned normal and the lights went flick.
I heard a loud sound and I peeked out the window,
And I got a quick peek at a big jolly fellow.
Carrying a bag full of presents and marvelous toys,
For all the world's good little girls and boys.
I turned and I looked back under the tree;
Presents stretched out as far as I could see.
There were big ones and little ones all carefully wrapped,
With ribbons and bows; they were all neatly stacked.
My pager was beeping and to the board I did run,
But no one was calling, they must have been done.
I logged on the system to check the disk out,
And I found what Christmas was really about.
The Upload dir was filled with public domain
With games and utilities and much of the same.
For users to download and use as they please,
Left there by Saint Nick for all to see.
And when in the message base I started to look.
Addressed there were messages filling a book.
The message was simple and definitely right,
Merry Christmas to All, and to All, a good night!
Editor's Note: PBM Flashback will appear on a regular basis in future issues.
Each issue will have this brief look back at some of the features which have
appeared over the history of the Pasco BBS Magazine.
+ + + + +
S H A R E W A R E R E V I E W
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ Program ³ CyberDice ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Author/Vendor ³ MoraffWare ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Special Requirements ³ Windows 95 ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
CyberDice Review
----------------
Steve Moraff is known for writing easy to play and graphically intensive
Shareware games. His company, MoraffWare, have released a new series of
programs for Windows 95 and many of the new games are updated versions of the
their DOS based classics. CyberDice is a new game based on the classic game
of Yahtzee. It could be one of the best implementation of the classic five
dice game.
The program has everything one would expect, including colorful graphics,
effective sound effects and many options. Try for the high score in a typical
game, or play against an opponent. Play the standard game, or play triple-
wide Mega-CyberDice for an extra challenge. This easy to use program is a
must for Yahtzee fans.
Moraff's new Windows 95 game collection deserves a look. With CyberDice,
along with titles like MoreTris, Radiation and Cyber Pinball, the company
should see plenty of registrations. These game programs are very delightful
efforts.
+ + + + +
SPA Press Release
-----------------
SPA Files Copyright Suits Against ISPs and End Users
October 10, 1996 - Washington, D.C. - The Software Publishers Association
(SPA) announced today that it has filed five civil lawsuits for copyright
infringement occurring on the Internet. Three of the lawsuits were filed
against Internet service providers (ISPs), and the remaining two were filed
against individual end users. Additionally, SPA launched its Internet Anti-
Piracy Campaign, which includes education and enforcement components, in an
effort to educate and work cooperatively with ISPs regarding copyright
infringement.
ISP lawsuits were filed on October 7 and 8 against Community ConneXion of
Oakland, Calif.; GeoCities of Beverly Hills, Calif.; and Tripod Inc. of
Williamstown, Mass. The SPA members named as plaintiffs in all three suits
were Adobe Systems Inc., Claris Corp. and Traveling Software Inc. In each
case, SPA first contacted the ISP and requested that the infringing material
be removed, but the ISP failed to respond and cooperate.
SPA also filed suit against Jeffrey Workman of Auburn, WV, and Patricia Kropff
of Scottsdale, Pa, on behalf of Adobe Systems Inc., Claris Corp., Corel Corp.,
Datastorm Technologies Inc. and Novell, Inc. In each of these instances, SPA
received reports of alleged copyright infringement on certain Web sites, and
with the assistance of the ISPs, tracked the individuals responsible for
posting the infringing material.
"These lawsuits send a clear signal to ISPs and end users that neither direct
nor contributory copyright infringement will be tolerated. The Internet does
not provide a safe haven for these types of activities," said Ken Wasch, SPA
president.
SPA's Internet Anti-Piracy Campaign (IAPC), which is outlined at
http://www.spa.org/piracy/iapc.htm, contains information explaining why ISPs
may be liable for copyright infringement, the risks involved and seven warning
signs that infringing activity may be taking place on the ISP's server.
Additionally, ISPs may sign an ISP Code of Conduct to show they have adopted
the operating practices encouraged under the copyright law.
Upon receiving a report of alleged copyright infringement on the Internet,
SPA confirms the unlawful activity and sends a letter to the ISP servicing the
infringing user. In most cases, the ISP cooperates and remedies the
situation. If the infringing user can be identified -- as alleged in the
Workman and Kropff cases -- SPA may then choose to seek action against the end
user. If the ISP is unwilling to stop the unlawful activity, SPA may choose
to file suit against the ISP.
"Our intentions are to work cooperatively with ISPs. A key element of the
IAPC is the ISP Education Program devoted to alerting ISPs to their potential
liability and providing them with the tools and guidance to protect
themselves," said Joshua Bauchner, SPA's Litigation Coordinator.
"The IAPC maintains SPA's traditional balance between education and
enforcement. We first make contact in an effort to amicably resolve the
matter, and only when absolutely necessary do we turn to litigation."
An integral part of the cooperative effort between SPA and ISPs is the ISP
Code of Conduct. This simple agreement asks that ISPs protect themselves from
liability by stopping pirate activity on their systems. In return, SPA will
attempt to contact the ISP if it receives a piracy report concerning it --
before initiating other action.
Piracy has taken many forms on the Internet. These include making
unauthorized copies of software available for download, the posting of serial
numbers, cracker and hacker utilities and links to pirate FTP sites. Although
many believe piracy is limited to "warez" or illegal copies of software, it
extends beyond that narrow definition. Under the law, anyone who knows -- or
should have known -- of the infringement and who assists, encourages or
induces the infringement is liable for indirect infringement. In each of the
actions SPA filed, at least two of the above infringements were present.
For additional information please visit the Internet Anti-Piracy Campaign site
at http://www.spa.org/piracy/iapc.htm. The ISP Education Program information
is available at http://www.spa.org/piracy/ispinfo.htm. To report a case of
piracy please contact SPA's hotline at (800) 388-7478, piracy@spa.org or
complete an on-line intake form at http://www.spa.org/piracy/pirreprt.htm.
SPA is the leading trade association of the desktop software industry,
representing the leading publishers as well as many start-up firms in the
business, home office, consumer, education and entertainment markets. Its
1,200 members account for 85 percent of the sales of the U.S. packaged
software industry. SPA press releases are available through fax on demand at
(800) 637-6823.
Editor's Note: For additional information contact David Phelps at (202) 452-
1600, extension 320, or via email at dphelps@spa.org. The Software Publishers
Association can also be reached on the World Wide Web at http://www.spa.org.
+ + + + +
AOP Legal Issues Alert (Friday, November 1, 1996)
-------------------------------------------------
SPA "ISP Code Of Conduct" (Please give the widest possible distribution)
Recently, as part of its efforts to fight software piracy on the Internet, the
Software Publishers Association created an "ISP Code of Conduct" and has asked
many ISPs to sign and return a copy to the SPA.
WHILE THE FINAL DECISION RESTS WITH YOU, AOP STRONGLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU NOT
SIGN THIS DOCUMENT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES.
The "Code" presents a position that the SPA would like to have written into
the law when Congress reviews copyright law next year.
Signature of this "Code" would mean that you voluntarily accept burdens and
obligations that are not required under any existing copyright laws.
Specifically, you would agree to appoint a "compliance officer" whose job
would be to ensure:
> That the unauthorized reproduction and/or distribution of copyrighted
computer programs does not occur on or through your servers, a job that
would require active monitoring of not only your subscribers but all
Internet traffic through your servers.
> That information that appears to have been posted to be used to circumvent
manufacturer-installed copy-protect devices in computer programs, including,
but not limited to, serial numbers and cracker utilities, not be posted on
your servers, another commitment that will require the active monitoring of
subscribers.
> That the linking of one or more sites on your servers to other sites that
contain pirated computer programs and/or cracker material does not take
place unless such linking clearly appears to be intended for lawful
purposes. This commitment requires you make a legal determination of the
intent of your subscribers, and to monitor their activities in posting links
from their web sites.
Your agreement to this program, and signature of this document, could be used
by the SPA to show support among ISPs for legislation that would specifically
make you liable for the acts of your subscribers. It could also be used to
support legislation that would require you to monitor all of the acts of your
subscribers and any other information that passes through your servers.
In short, agreement to the SPA "Code" could significantly increase your
administrative burden, require that you accept the role of "software
policeman" for the entire Internet, accept responsibility for the acts of
others over which you have no control, and help the SPA pave the way for
legislation that would make you legally liable in court for failure to comply
with one or another of the impossible requirements of the SPA Code.
AOP and its members have always voiced support for the rights of copyright
holders. Article VI of the AOP Code of Professional Standards already
addresses the obligations of ISPs with regard to intellectual property:
"VI. Members shall respect the rights of the owners of intellectual
properties, including software authors, providing proper diligence and
reasonable effort to prevent the infringement of copyrights, patents and other
protections."
If you determine or receive notification that a subscriber to your system is
making infringing material available through your server, it would be prudent
to remove the allegedly infringing material from your system as expeditiously
as possible after you receive such notification. In addition, you are
strongly encouraged to terminate the access of any subscriber who is a repeat
infringer of copyright law.
If you find yourself facing an action with regard to alleged copyright
infringement, particularly "contributory copyright infringement", please
notify the AOP immediately so that we can review your situation and provide
you with appropriate support and/or legal defense resources.
Dave McClure (703) 924-9692 (703) 924-9594 Fax
Executive Director (703) 264-1750 BBS Telnet aop.org
Assn of Online Professionals http://www.aop.org info@aop.org
+ + + + +
ÜÛÜ
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ÜÜÛÛßß ÜÜÛßß
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ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛ ÜÛß ÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÜÛÛ ßÛÛÛ ÛÛ ÜÜÛÛß
þßßßßßßßßßßßßß þßßßßß ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛ ÛÛ þß
ÜÜÜÜ ÞÛÛÜÜ ÛÛÛßßßßßßÛÛÛ ßÛÛÛÜ ÛÛß ÛÛ
þßßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜ ÞÛÛÜÜ ßßßÛÛÜÜÜÜ ÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛß ÛÛ
ßßÛÛÜÜ ßßßÛÛÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÛÛßÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛþ ßÛÛÛÛÜÜÛß ÜÛÛÛ
ßßÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÝ ÞÛ
ÛÛÝ ÞÛ ÜÛßß Association of Online Professionals
ÜÜÛÛß ÜÛßß ÛÜ 7578 B Telegraph Road
ÜÛÛßß ÛÜ ßÛþ Suite 635
ÛÛ ßÛþ Alexandria, VA 22315
ßßÛÜþ (703) 924-9692 (Voice)
Telenet: aop.org
+ + + + +
The BBS Glossary
----------------
Access - To use a BBS, as in accessing, or the amount you can use it, as in
access level.
ANSI - While actually an acronym for the American National Standards
Institute, it refers to the widely used graphics on BBSs.
Archive - A file which has been compressed, or at least stored, under a
specific name. This allows for faster transfer times and the grouping of
related files. Originally meant for files with an .ARC extension.
ASCII - An acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange
which is the most common format for text files.
Automatic Redial - Automatic redialing by a modem, when it receives a busy
signal. Many communications programs have this feature.
Batch - A group of files which are either downloaded or uploaded, commonly
called a Batch File Transfer.
Baud Rate - The speed of the modem connection, the higher the rate the faster
data travels.
Bulletin - Text which the Sysop has made available to users. Bulletins may be
informational or educational, give the high game scores, or whatever the Sysop
deems appropriate.
Bulletin Board System (BBS) - A computer hooked up to a modem so that other
people can call and access information, files or games.
Bits Per Second (BPS) - The rate data is transmitted through a modem
connection. Increases with the baud rate.
Caller - Someone who accesses a bulletin board from a remote location.
Capture - Saving text from BBS display to a file on the remote computer
normally in ASCII format. A built-in feature of most communications programs.
Chat - The ability to communicate with users on other lines (or nodes).
Callers can chat back and forth in a live conversation.
Common Carrier - A regulated organization, such as the telephone company, that
provides telecommunications services for public use.
Communications Software - Computer program which allows for easier calling of
BBSs. Some software packages have all kinds of advanced features and many are
quite easy to set-up.
COM Port - This serial port is where the modem is plugged into personal
computers. However, data communications are not the only use for these ports,
as many times a mouse may use a COM port. These ports are commonly referred
to COM1, COM2, etc.
Compressed File - A file, or group of files, which have been reduced in size
using compression utilities. A compressed file uses less disk space and
speeds up transfer times.
Conference - A separate area on a BBS which is directed at specific topics.
Conferences almost always have their own message base, and some have their own
file directories or doors.
CPS - Characters per Seconds. A way to measure the speed of data
transmissions. The CPS increases with the baud rate.
Dedicated Line - A telephone, or data, line that is always available for use.
Most bulletin boards are setup on a dedicated line and are available 24 hours
a day.
Default - Refers to settings used by BBS or communications software. Many
times the preset configuration works fine, especially for new users.
Door - A program with has been added onto the BBS, but is not part of the BBS
software itself. Sysops customize their board by adding game or utility type
doors.
Download - Receiving data from a BBS through the modem connection. Downloads
from BBSs are known as files.
Drop Carrier - Hanging up on a BBS without following the proper log-off
procedures. Occasionally can happen on either end unintentionally.
Echo Mail - Public messages which go out over a BBS network.
E-Mail - Electronic mail, which is sent on computers in the form of messages.
Emoticon - Emoticon is short for emotional icon and are sometimes called
smileys, which are typically found within e-mail to convey an emotion. For
example, the most common emoticon is the smiling happy face, :), which means
the comment should be taken tongue-in-cheek.
Encryption - The process of encoding communications data for higher security.
External Protocol - File transfer protocol which is not actually built into
the particular BBS, or communications software, but must be accessed
externally.
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions. A text file which answers common questions
about a particular subject. One example would be questions that new BBS users
may have.
Fax/Modem - A modem which has the ability to send and receive facsimile
transmissions (faxes).
Fax Software - Software which works in conjunction with a Fax/Modem to send
and receive faxes. Many software packages have options such as converting
faxes to ASCII or other text formats.
FidoNet - The largest bulletin board based message network echoing mail with
thousands of systems worldwide.
File - Data transferred through the modem connection for use on the receiving
computer. Files can be complete programs, informational text, graphic images
or many other formats.
Flame - Messages which contain criticisms, angry statements or direct personal
attacks. Two or more people participating in this type of exchange is
referred to as a "Flame War."
Forum - See conference.
Freeware - Software which is legally copyrighted, however, the author asks for
no monetary compensation for the program.
Gateway - An option which allows a BBS caller to dial out to another BBS.
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format. Common standard for graphics files found
on-line. A file with a GIF extension is typically a picture and software is
required to view the image.
Hacker - A person who gains access to computer systems illegally, usually from
a personal computer.
Handshake - The handshake sequence is what modems perform when first making a
connection, as the modems agree on the most efficient way to transfer data.
HS/Link - This is a relatively new file transfer protocol. It is a high
speed, single and bi-directional file transfer protocol with many advanced
features.
Information Super-Highway - A buzz word created by the media to describe the
current and future uses of telecommunications technology.
Internal Protocol - File transfer protocol which is built into the particular
BBS or communications software.
Internet - A rapidly growing computer based network which includes bulletin
boards, educational and government institutions, on-line services and
businesses all over the world. Millions of people are now accessing the
Internet for electronic mail and other information.
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network. The next generation of telephone
technology designed to provide real time transmission in a digital format.
Already installed in some places.
ISP - Internet Service Provider. A BBS, or other company, that offers
individual access to the Internet.
ITU-T - International Telecommunications Union (Telecommunications sector).
Formerly known as CCITT, this organization sets the international standards
for telegraphic and telephone equipment. Sets modems standards, such as the
recent V.34 standard for 28.8 baud transmissions.
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group. A standard for compressed graphics
files found on-line. A file with a JPG extension is typically a picture and
software is required to view the image.
Line Noise - Static which can occur during a modem connection due to the fact
that the telephone system was originally designed for voice.
Local - Use of the BBS at its physical location. Typically, the Sysop
accessing the BBS software directly.
Log-on - Calling a BBS, and going through the most common procedure of giving
name and password.
Lurking - Someone who reads messages without participating. Typically, there
are more users lurking in the background, then users entering messages.
Main Board - The primary conference on a BBS, and where the callers normally
are when they first log-on. Most general messages, files and doors should be
found here.
Message - Something left by a BBS user for others to read. A message could be
left for a single user, or for all users to read.
Message Base - All messages left on a BBS, or more specifically the location
of those messages. Separate conferences typically have their own message
base.
Modem - Device which allows computers to talk to each other over a system
which was originally designed for voice communications.
Network - Different BBSs exchanging messages to increase the activity and
diversity of the message base. The echo mail network allows a user to leave a
message on one BBS which can be read on a BBS at a different location. On
some of the large networks a message can be read literally around the world.
NetMail - Electronic messages, which go out over a BBS network, which are
addressed to, and may be read by, only one person.
Node - Commonly used as the number of telephone lines hooked up to a BBS with
each line being a node, but a BBS can also have local nodes.
Password - A unique series of keyboard characters that a caller selects to
access a BBS. It should be kept confidential to prevent others from logging-
on using your name.
Paging - Requesting a live chat with the Sysop, who may answer the page if
available.
Private - Indicates a conference or message is not meant for all callers, and
may refer to some BBSs which have restricted access.
Protocol - A language that modems use to communicate with each other during
file transfers. The same protocol must be used by both modems for a transfer
to be successful. There are a growing number of protocols to choose from.
Public - A conference, message, or BBS which is open for any caller. A public
message can be read by all users. A public board will have private messages
and perhaps some private conferences, but generally access is available to
all.
Public Domain - Programs or files which are released free of charge with
little restriction for use.
QWK - The file extension for mail packets compressed using the Quick Mail
format. This format is popular for BBS mail transfers and off-line mail
readers.
Remote Computer - A computer which has connected to the BBS by modem.
RIPscrip - Remote Imaging Protocol. A graphics format which is used to add
mouse support to bulletin boards.
Screen Capture - See capture.
Script - A questionnaire set-up by the Sysop to get information from the
caller.
Security Level - Level of access given to a caller which determines what the
caller may access on the BBS. Users may require a higher security level to
access certain conferences or files.
Shareware - A method of software distribution which allows you to try before
you buy. Shareware can be used for a limited time without payment, but
registration is required if the product is used past the evaluation period.
Sysop - Short for System Operator, the person who operates the BBS.
Thread - The linking of messages with a specific conversation topic. This
message thread allows people to read all messages on a related subject.
Transfer - The receiving or sending of a file with a BBS.
Upload - Sending data, typically files, to a BBS through the modem connection.
User - Originally meant to imply someone calling in the local mode, while
those who access the BBS from a remote computer where known as callers. Now
commonly implies both callers and users.
User Account - The record containing information for an individual user.
Things like user name, password, address, the number of uploads and downloads,
and security level are typically found in the user account.
User Friendly - Refers to software, or a BBS, which is easy for a novice to
use.
V.21 - An ITU-T standard for 300 bps modem connections standardized in 1981.
V.22 - An ITU-T standard for 1200 bps modem connections standardized in 1982.
V.22 bis - An ITU-T standard for 2400 bps modem connections standardized in
1984.
V.32 - An ITU-T standard for 4800 and 9600 bps modem connections standardized
in 1987.
V.32 bis - An ITU-T standard for 14400 bps modem connections standardized in
1991.
V.34 - An ITU-T standard for 28800 bps modem connections standardized in 1994.
V.FC - Early standard developed by Rockwell International for 28800 bps modem
connections.
Verification - Many BBSs have some way of verifying that the caller logging-on
is actually who they say they are. Caller ID, doors which call the user back,
or calling all users by voice are common practices.
Xmodem (CRC) - At one time this was the most popular file transfer protocol.
Xmodem (CRC) sends files in blocks of 128 characters at a time and checks for
errors using a sophisticated Cyclic Redundancy Check.
Xmodem (Checksum) - A file transfer protocol where information is transferred
in 128 byte blocks with a less reliable Checksum error correction method.
1K Xmodem - This file transfer protocol is a variation of Xmodem (CRC) that
uses blocks that are 1 kilobyte (1024 bytes) in size.
1K Xmodem/G - This file transfer protocol variation of Xmodem is meant for
error-free channels such as error correcting modems or direct cable links
between two computers. It achieves great speed, however, it does not have
error correction and if an error occurs the transfer is aborted.
Ymodem (Batch) - This file transfer protocol is a variation on 1K Xmodem,
which allows for multiple files to be sent per transfer. While transferring
files, it uses the 1024 byte block size and the CRC error correction method.
Ymodem/G (Batch) - This file transfer protocol is a variation on Ymodem which
achieves very high transfer rates by sending 1024 blocks without waiting for
acknowledgment. There is no error correction and if an error occurs the
transfer is aborted.
Zip - The most common form of compressed file found on BBSs.
Zmodem (Batch) - This protocol is very popular because it is very fast,
incredibly reliable and offers many features. Zmodem can transfer files in a
batch and can detect and recover from errors quickly. The Zmodem Recovery
feature can resume an interrupted transfer.
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ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ For a list of the highlights from back issues of the Pasco BBS Magazine ³
³ see the BACK.INF file distributed within the PBM archive. ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
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Copyright Law: Part II
-----------------------
> Copyright Registration
In general, copyright registration is a legal formality intended to make a
public record of the basic facts of a particular copyright. However, except
in one specific situation, registration is not a condition of copyright
protection. (Under sections 405 and 406 of the Copyright Act, copyright
registration may be required to preserve a copyright on a work first published
before March 1, 1989, that would otherwise be invalidated because the
copyright notice was omitted from the published copies or phonorecords, or the
name or year was omitted, or certain errors were made in the year date.) Even
though registration is not generally a requirement for protection, the
copyright law provides several inducements or advantages to encourage
copyright owners to make registration.
Among these advantages are the following:
Registration establishes a public record of the copyright claim;
Before an infringement suit may be filed in court, registration is necessary
for works of U.S. origin and for foreign works not originating in a Berne
Union country. (For more information on when a work is of U.S. origin, request
Circular 93.);
If made before or within 5 years of publication, registration will establish
prima facie evidence in court of the validity of the copyright and of the
facts stated in the certificate; and If registration is made within 3 months
after publication of the work or prior to an infringement of the work,
statutory damages and attorney's fees will be available to the copyright
owner in court actions. Otherwise, only an award of actual damages and profits
is available to the copyright owner.
Copyright registration allows the owner of the copyright to record the
registration with the U.S. Customs Service for protection against the
importation of infringing copies. For additional information, request
Publication No. 563 from:
Commissioner of Customs
ATTN: IPR Branch,
Room 2104
U.S. Customs Service
1301 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20229.
Registration may be made at any time within the life of the copyright.
Unlike the law before 1978, when a work has been registered in unpublished
form, it is not necessary to make another registration when the work becomes
published (although the copyright owner may register the published edition, if
desired).
> Registration Procedures
In General
A. To register a work, send the following three elements in the same envelope
or package to the Register of Copyrights, Copyright Office, Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C. 20559: (see Incomplete Submissions, below, for
what happens if the elements are sent separately).
A properly completed application form;
A nonrefundable filing fee of $20 for each application (For the fee structure
for application Form SE/GROUP amd Form G/DN, see the instructions for these
forms);
A nonreturnable deposit of the work being registered. The deposit
requirements vary in particular situations. The general requirements follow.
Also note the information under Special Deposit Requirements immediately
following this section.
If the work is unpublished, one complete copy or phonorecord.
If the work was first published in the United States on or after January 1,
1978, two complete copies or phonorecords of the best edition.
If the work was first published in the United States before January 1, 1978,
two complete copies or phonorecords of the work as first published.
If the work was first published outside the United States, one complete copy
or phonorecord of the work as first published.
B. To register a renewal, send:
A properly completed RE application form; and
A nonrefundable filing fee of $20 for each work.
Note: Complete the Application Form using Black Ink Pen or Typewriter
You may photocopy blank application forms: however, photocopied forms
submitted to the Copyright Office must be clear, legible, on a good grade of
8-1/2 inch by 11 inch white paper suitable for automatic feeding through a
photocopier. The forms should be printed preferably in black ink, head-to-
head (so that when you turn the sheet over, the top of page 2 is directly
behind the top of page 1). Forms not meeting these requirements will be
returned.
Special Deposit Requirements
Special deposit requirements exist for many types of work. In some instances,
only one copy is required for published works, in other instances only
identifying material is required, and in still other instances, the deposit
requirement may be unique.
The following are prominent examples of exceptions to the general deposit
requirements:
If the work is a motion picture, the deposit requirement is one complete copy
of the unpublished or published motion picture and a separate written
description of its contents, such as a continuity, press book, or synopsis.
If the work is a literary, dramatic or musical work published only on
phonorecord, the deposit requirement is one complete copy of the phonorecord.
If the work is an unpublished or published computer program, the deposit
requirement is one visually perceptible copy in source code of the first and
last 25 pages of the program. For a program of fewer than 50 pages, the
deposit is a copy of the entire program. (For more information on computer
program registration, including deposits for revised programs and provisions
for trade secrets, request Circular 61.)
If the work is in a CD-ROM format, the deposit requirement is one complete
copy of the material, that is, the CD-ROM, the operating software, and any
manual(s) accompanying it. If the identical work is also available in print
or hard copy form, send one complete copy of the print version and one
complete copy of the CD-ROM version.
For information about group registration of serials, request Circular 62.
In the case of works reproduced in three-dimensional copies, identifying
material such as photographs or drawings is ordinarily required. Other
examples of special deposit requirements (but by no means an exhaustive list)
include many works of the visual arts, such as greeting cards, toys, fabric,
oversized material (request Circular 40a); video games and other machine-
readable audiovisual works (request Circular 61 and ML-387); automated
databases (request Circular 65); and contributions to collective works.
If you are unsure of the deposit requirement for your work, write or call the
Copyright Office and describe the work you wish to register.
Unpublished Collections
A work may be registered in unpublished form as a collection, with one
application and one fee, under the following conditions:
The elements of the collection are assembled in an orderly form;
The combined elements bear a single title identifying the collection as a
whole;
The copyright claimant in all the elements and in the collection as a whole is
the same; and
All of the elements are by the same author, or, if they are by different
authors, at least one of the authors has contributed copyrightable authorship
to each element.
An unpublished collection is indexed in the Catalog of Copyright Entries only
under the collection title.
> Corrections and Amplifications of Existing Registrations
To correct an error in a copyright registration or to amplify the information
given in a registration, file a supplementary registration form--Form CA--with
the Copyright Office. The information in a supplementary registration
augments but does not supersede that contained in the earlier registration.
Note also that a supplementary registration is not a substitute for an
original registration, for a renewal registration, or for recording a transfer
of ownership. For further information about supplementary registration,
request Circular 8.
> Mandatory Deposit for Works Published in the United States
Although a copyright registration is not required, the Copyright Act
establishes a mandatory deposit requirement for works published in the United
States (see definition of publication above). In general, the owner of
copyright or the owner of the exclusive right of publication in the work has a
legal obligation to deposit in the Copyright Office, within 3 months of
publication in the United States, 2 copies (or in the case of sound
recordings, 2 phonorecords) for the use of the Library of Congress. Failure
to make the deposit can result in fines and other penalties but does not
affect copyright protection.
Certain categories of works are exempt entirely from the mandatory deposit
requirements, and the obligation is reduced for certain other categories. For
further information about mandatory deposit, request Circular 7d.
> Use of the Mandatory Deposit to Satisfy Registration Requirements
For works published in the United States the Copyright Act contains a
provision under which a single deposit can be made to satisfy both the deposit
requirements for the Library and the registration requirements. In order to
have this dual effect, the copies or phonorecords must be accompanied by the
prescribed application and filing fee.
> Who May File an Application Form
The following persons are legally entitled to submit an application form:
The author. This is either the person who actually created the work, or, if
the work was made for hire, the employer or other person for whom the work was
prepared.
The copyright claimant. The copyright claimant is defined in Copyright Office
regulations as either the author of the work or a person or organization that
has obtained ownership of all the rights under the copyright initially
belonging to the author. This category includes a person or organization who
has obtained by contract the right to claim legal title to the copyright in an
application for copyright registration.
The owner of exclusive right(s). Under the law, any of the exclusive rights
that go to make up a copyright and any subdivision of them can be transferred
and owned separately, even though the transfer may be limited in time or place
of effect. The term copyright owner with respect to any one of the exclusive
rights contained in a copyright refers to the owner of that particular right.
Any owner of an exclusive right may apply for registration of a claim in the
work.
The duly authorized agent of such author, other copyright claimant, or owner
of exclusive right(s). Any person authorized to act on behalf of the author,
other copyright claimant, or owner of exclusive rights may apply for
registration.
There is no requirement that applications be prepared or filed by an attorney.
> Application Forms
For Original Registration
Form TX: for published and unpublished nondramatic literary works
Form SE: for serials, works issued or intended to be issued in successive
parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be
continued indefinitely (periodicals, newspapers, magazines, newsletters,
annuals, journals, etc.)
Short Form/SE and Form SE/GROUP: specialized SE forms for use when certain
requirements are met
Form G/DN: a specialized form to register a complete month's issues of a
daily newspaper when certain conditions are met
Form PA: for published and unpublished works of the performing arts (musical
and dramatic works, pantomimes and choreographic works, motion pictures and
other audiovisual works)
Form VA: for published and unpublished works of the visual arts (pictorial,
graphic, and sculptural works, including architectural works)
Form SR: for published and unpublished sound recordings
For Renewal Registration
Form RE: for claims to renewal copyright in works copyrighted under the law
in effect through December 31, 1977 (1909 Copyright Act)
For Corrections and Amplifications
Form CA: for supplementary registration to correct or amplify information
given in the Copyright Office record of an earlier registration
For a Group of Contributions to Periodicals
Form GR/CP: an adjunct application to be used for registration of a group of
contributions to periodicals in addition to an application Form TX, PA, or VA
Free application forms are supplied by the Copyright Office.
> Copyright Office Forms Hotline
NOTE: Requestors may order application forms and circulars at any time by
telephoning (202) 707-9100. Orders will be recorded automatically and filled
as quickly as possible. Please specify the kind and number of forms you are
requesting.
> Mailing Instructions
All applications and materials related to copyright registration should be
addressed to the Register of Copyrights, Copyright Office, Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C. 20559-6000.
The application, nonreturnable deposit (copies, phonorecords, or identifying
material), and nonrefundable filing fee should be mailed in the same package.
We suggest that you contact your local post office for information
about mailing these materials at lower-cost fourth class postage rates.
> Incomplete Submissions: What Happens if the Elements are not Received
Together
Applications and fees received without appropriate copies, phonorecords, or
identifying material will not be processed and ordinarily will be returned.
Unpublished deposits without applications or fees ordinarily will be returned,
also. In most cases, published deposits received without applications and
fees can be immediately transferred to the collections of the Library of
Congress. This practice is in accordance with section 408 of the law, which
provides that the published deposit required for the collections of the
Library of Congress may be used for registration only if the deposit is
accompanied by the prescribed application and fee....
After the deposit is received and transferred to another service unit of the
Library for its collections or other disposition, it is no longer available to
the Copyright Office. If you wish to register the work, you must deposit
additional copies or phonorecords with your application and fee.
> Fees
All remittances should be in the form of drafts (that is, checks, money
orders, or bank drafts) payable to: Register of Copyrights.
Do not send cash. Drafts must be redeemable without service or exchange fee
through a U.S. institution, must be payable in U.S. dollars, and must be
imprinted with American Banking Association routing numbers.
If a check received in payment of the filing fee is returned to the Copyright
Office as uncollectible, the Copyright Office will cancel the registration and
will notify the remitter.
The fee for processing an original, supplementary, or renewal claim is
nonrefundable, whether or not copyright registration is ultimately made.
Do not send cash. The Copyright Office cannot assume any responsibility for
the loss of currency sent in payment of copyright fees.
> Effective Date of Registration
A copyright registration is effective on the date the Copyright Office
receives all of the required elements in acceptable form, regardless of how
long it then takes to process the application and mail the certificate of
registration. The time the Copyright Office requires to process an
application varies, depending on the amount of material the Office is
receiving and the personnel available. Keep in mind that it may take a number
of days for mailed material to reach the Copyright Office and for the
certificate of registration to reach the recipient after being mailed by the
Copyright Office.
If you are filing an application for copyright registration in the Copyright
Office, you will not receive an acknowledgement that your application has been
received, but you can expect:
A letter or telephone call from a Copyright Office staff member if further
information is needed;
A certificate of registration to indicate the work has been registered; or
If registration cannot be made, a letter explaining why it has been refused.
Please allow 120 days to receive a letter or certificate of registration.
If you want to know when the Copyright Office receives your material, you
should send it by registered or certified mail and request a return receipt
from the post office. Allow at least 3 weeks for the return of your receipt.
> Search of Copyright Office Records
The records of the Copyright Office are open for inspection and searching by
the public. Moreover, on request, the Copyright Office will search its
records at the statutory rate of $20 for each hour or fraction of an hour.
For information on searching the Office records concerning the copyright
status or ownership of a work, request Circulars 22 and 23. Records from 1978
may be searched via the Internet. For access, see below.
> Available Information
This circular attempts to answer some of the questions that are frequently
asked about copyright. For a list of other material published by the
Copyright Office, request Circular 2, Publications on Copyright. Any requests
for Copyright Office publications or special questions relating to copyright
problems not mentioned in this circular should be addressed to the Copyright
Office, LM 455, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20559-6000. To speak
to a Copyright Information Specialist, call (202) 707-3000 between 8:30 a.m.-
5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, Monday-Friday, except Federal Holidays.
Copyright information, including many of the other circulars mentioned in
Circular 1, as well as the latest Copyright Office regulations and
announcements, is available via the Internet. Internet site addresses are:
World Wide Web URL: http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright
Gopher: marvel.loc.gov
Copyright Office records of registrations and other related documents from
1978 forward are also available over the Internet via the above addresses or
telnet directly to LOCIS (Library of Congress Information System) at:
Telnet: Locis.loc.gov
The Copyright Public Information Office is also open to the public Monday-
Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, except Federal holidays. The
office is located in the Library of Congress, Madison Building, Room 401, at
101 Independence Ave., S.E., Washington, D.C., near the Capitol South Metro
stop. Information Specialists are available to answer questions, provide
circulars, and accept applications for registration. Access for disabled
individuals is at the front door on Independence Avenue, S.E.
The Copyright Office is not permitted to give legal advice. If you need
information or guidance on matters such as disputes over the ownership of a
copyright, suits against possible infringers, the procedure for getting a work
published, or the method of obtaining royalty payments, it may be necessary to
consult an attorney.
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°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
² ²
² Board of Trade BBS New Port Richey, Florida ²
² ²
² (813) 862-4772 12/24/48/96/144/28800 baud ²
² ²
² The Hobby BBS for the Entire Family! ²
² ²
² Pasco County's Information Source ²
² Home of the Pasco BBS Magazine, DA BUCS and BBS Basics ²
² ²
² Call here FIRST for the BEST in Shareware ²
² Official Distribution Site: ²
² Alive Software, Apogee Software, Epic MegaGames, Gamer's Edge, ²
² Id Software, Impulse Software, MVP Software, Safari Software, ²
² Software Creations, Soleau Software and Union Logic Software ²
² ²
² Supporting the Local Computer Community ²
² Local Author Support File Directory ²
² Official Support BBS for Pasco ComPats Computer Club ²
² ²
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
+ + + + +
Next Month
----------
The January 1997 issue will be a Special Fourth Anniversary Issue with a look
at four years of the Pasco BBS Magazine. Popular Shareware author Nels
Anderson was interviewed in the first issue of this publication, and next
month's issue will take an updated look at his programs. Along with all our
regular features, including Ed Garwood's Computer Basics, we will have all the
latest news.
Do not miss this special issue of the Pasco BBS Magazine, which will be
available on, or before, December 22. Make sure you do not miss a single
issue of Tampa Bay's oldest free on-line magazine!
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Important Information
---------------------
The Pasco BBS Magazine is distributed free of charge, as long as it is
unaltered and complete. When uploading make sure the original archive is
intact with all files included.
The Pasco BBS Magazine is the sole property of the Board of Trade BBS and
Richard Ziegler. It is legally copyrighted material and all rights are
reserved. No part of this magazine may be used without permission. No
compensation of any kind may be received for the viewing, distribution, or for
any other use of the magazine files.
By submitting something, you are agreeing to allow publication of the material
in the magazine. Articles reprinted with permission remain the property of
the cited source. Guest contributions may not necessarily reflect the views
of the Pasco BBS Magazine. The editor reserves the right to edit submissions,
however, this is normally only done to correct spelling or grammatical errors.
The editor makes all determinations on what and when articles will run.
Every effort is made to insure that all information contained within the Pasco
BBS Magazine is accurate, but inadvertently mistakes can appear. The Pasco
BBS Magazine, Board of Trade BBS or Richard Ziegler cannot be held liable for
information contained within this document. It is intended that this magazine
exists for the personal enjoyment of the readers.
Rather than place a trademark symbol at every occurrence of a trademarked
name, it is stated that trademarks are only being used in an editorial fashion
with no intention of any infringement of the trademark itself.
More information can be found in the other files distributed with the
magazine's archive.
Comments, questions, suggestions and submissions can be left on the Board
of Trade BBS (813) 862-4772, or mailed to Board of Trade BBS, P.O. Box 1853,
New Port Richey, FL 34656.
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(C)Copyright 1996 Richard Ziegler - All Rights Reserved
+ + + + +
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