1331 lines
59 KiB
Plaintext
1331 lines
59 KiB
Plaintext
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4DOS
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4OS2
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4DOS for Windows NT
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Guided Tour
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Published By
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JP Software Inc.
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P.O. Box 1470
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East Arlington, MA 02174
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U.S.A.
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(617) 646-3975
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fax (617) 646-0904
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Copyright 1993 - 1994, JP Software Inc., All Rights Reserved. 4DOS
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is a registered trademark and 4OS2, JP Software, and the JP
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Software logo and product logos are trademarks of JP Software Inc.
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Other product and company names are trademarks of their respective
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owners.
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10-94
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Starting The Tour
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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A GUIDED TOUR OF 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT
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This booklet will acquaint you with some of the features of 4DOS,
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4OS2, and 4DOS/NT. It isn't a substitute for the other manuals,
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but it will help you understand how familiar our products seem if
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you are used to the traditional command prompt, and it will
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introduce you to many of our most popular features and
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enhancements. By the time you finish this guided tour, you will
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have a feeling for how easy and friendly 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT
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are compared to the traditional command processor.
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This tour is interactive. Sit down at your computer with this
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booklet. Each time an example is shown, try it. The tour will
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create all of the files it uses; it won't modify or change your
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existing files and subdirectories at all. Each section of the tour
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is self-contained so you can skip any sections you wish and return
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to them later.
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In this tour we won't attempt to cover all the details of each
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feature we introduce. If you want complete information about any
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command or topic discussed in the tour, see the online help or the
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Reference Manual. If you come across terms or concepts that you
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are unsure about, refer to the General Concepts chapter, the
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Glossary, or the Index in the Reference Manual.
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Starting The Tour
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Before you can start the tour, you need to install your new
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command processor. If you haven't done so yet, see the
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Introduction and Installation Guide for instructions. Select
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"Tour Installation" from the INSTALL menu to copy the
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necessary files to your disk without making any modifications
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to your system configuration files. If you have already done
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a full installation and 4DOS, 4OS2, or 4DOS/NT is running on
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your system, just skip the step below where the command
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"4DOS", "4OS2", or "4NT" is entered.
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During the course of the tour, we'll ask you to enter several
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commands. Your entries are shown in lower case, but you can
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type in either upper or lower case.
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The display may look slightly different on your system,
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depending on how your prompt is set up, what disk drive you're
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using, and what files are in your installation directory.
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Don't worry about any minor differences.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 1
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Starting The Tour
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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In some cases, the computer's output will be too long to fit
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on a line of this booklet and remain readable. We've
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truncated those lines and placed three dots [...] at the end
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to show you that the actual line displayed on your screen will
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be longer. Some commands create more lines of output than we
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need to display here to show how they work. We've put a line
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of nine dots [... ... ...] in those locations to indicate that
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additional information will be shown on your screen.
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We've written the tour as if you were using 4DOS, because it's
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our most popular product. The few minor differences in 4OS2
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and 4DOS/NT are noted in the text.
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To start the tour, first change to the directory where 4DOS,
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4OS2, or 4DOS/NT was installed, using the CD command. For
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example, if you've used the directory C:\4DOS, enter the
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following command:
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C:\> cd 4dos
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C:\4DOS>
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Now start 4DOS by typing:
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C:\4DOS> 4dos
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This starts 4DOS in "test drive" mode -- it isn't permanently
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installed, but you can use it for the tour or other testing.
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If you are using 4OS2, type 4OS2; if you are using 4DOS/NT,
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type 4NT. If you have already performed a full installation,
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skip this step.
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You'll see a sign-on message that looks similar to this,
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followed by a prompt:
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4DOS EMS swapping initialized (128K)
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4DOS 5.5 DOS 6.2
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Copyright 1988-1994 Rex Conn & JP Software Inc.
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... ... ...
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c:\4dos>
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Depending on how your prompt was previously defined, you may
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now see it in lower case, which most people find easier to
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read. A lower case prompt is the default, and we'll show the
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prompt that way throughout the tour. Once you have 4DOS,
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4OS2, or 4DOS/NT fully installed you can use the PROMPT
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command to change it to upper case if you prefer.
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If you started 4DOS, 4OS2, or 4DOS/NT in "test drive" mode and
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want to exit at any time, just type the command EXIT at the
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 2
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Basic Commands
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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prompt and press Enter. This will return you to the
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traditional DOS, OS/2, or Windows NT command line:
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c:\4dos> exit
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C:\4DOS>
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Basic Commands
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We'll begin the tour by demonstrating some of the most common,
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and most familiar, commands. We'll also show you some of the
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enhancements that we've added to those commands to make your
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computing easier.
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First, enter the single-character command ?. You'll see a
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display like this:
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c:\4dos> ?
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? ALIAS ATTRIB BEEP ...
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CD CDD CHCP CHDIR ...
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CTTY DATE DEL DELAY ...
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... ... ...
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UNSET VER VERIFY VOL ...
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The ? command displays a list of all the commands built into
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your new command processor. You certainly don't have to
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memorize them all -- we'll show you how to get help with any
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command in a few moments. Nor are we going to demonstrate all
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of these commands in this tour. If you want complete
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information about a command, see the online help or the
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Command Reference chapter in the Reference Manual.
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Now try a DIR command to see a list of files in the current
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directory. DIR displays a list of file names, sizes, dates,
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and times:
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c:\4dos> dir
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Volume in drive C is JPS_TEST Serial number ...
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Directory of c:\4dos\*.*
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. <DIR> 10-14-94 14:21
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.. <DIR> 10-14-94 14:21
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4dos.com 148264 11-23-94 5:50 4DOS 5.5 ...
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4dos.doc 345005 11-23-94 5:50 4DOS 5.5 ...
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4dos.ico 766 11-23-94 5:50 Color ...
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4dos.pif 545 11-23-94 5:50 PIF file ...
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... ... ...
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tour2.btm 2765 11-23-94 5:50 Guided ...
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 3
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Basic Commands
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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updat55.doc 37946 11-23-94 5:50 Informat ...
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833,056 bytes in 19 files and 2 dirs 851,968 ...
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18,651,136 bytes free
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The DIR display should look familiar. But, unlike the
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traditional DIR display, you'll see the file names in lower
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case and in alphabetical order. We also give you some totals
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at the end of the display that help you see how much space
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your files are using. The text at the right end of each line
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is a file description -- it will be there if you installed
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4DOS from diskette (as opposed to a downloaded copy). We'll
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discuss descriptions later in the tour.
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By using some of DIR's options, you can make the display even
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easier to read. The directory display you just saw probably
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didn't fit on your screen. You can tell DIR to pause at the
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end of each page by using the command DIR /P. The /P is an
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example of a switch or option which modifies the behavior of a
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command. Enter the DIR /P command now:
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c:\4dos> dir /p
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You'll see the same display, but with a pause at the end of
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each page.
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You might prefer to display directories in 2 columns. DIR
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will do that if you include the /2 option. If you add the /V
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option, it will perform a vertical sort, with file names
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running alphabetically down the first column and then down the
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second column. (We've left the display out of this booklet,
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because the second column doesn't fit on the page. You'll be
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able to see it on the screen.)
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c:\4dos> dir /2/v
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[The 2-column directory display will appear here.]
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DIR has many other formatting and file selection options; all
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of them are explained under the DIR command in your Reference
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Manual.
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Next, you'll use a simple batch file called TOUR1.BTM to
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create a dummy file. (A .BTM batch file is similar to a
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traditional .BAT or .CMD batch file, but faster.) To run
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TOUR1.BTM, enter the command:
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c:\4dos> tour1
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This batch file creates a small file called FILE1 in your
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current directory. The contents of the file aren't important;
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 4
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Basic Commands
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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we're simply using it to demonstrate some file-handling
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capabilities. You can verify that FILE1 has been created by
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using DIR again.
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Now use the COPY command to copy the contents of FILE1 to a
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new file, FILE2:
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c:\4dos> copy file1 file2
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c:\4dos\file1 => c:\4dos\file2
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1 file copied
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The copy was performed just like the traditional COPY command,
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but the output is friendlier: COPY tells you exactly what
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file it copied, where it copied the file to, and a count of
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files at the end.
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Now try renaming a file. If you've used the traditional
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RENAME command or its synonym REN, this will look familiar:
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c:\4dos> ren file1 file3
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c:\4dos\file1 -> c:\4dos\file3
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1 file renamed
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Like COPY, the REN command tells you just what it did. You
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now have two files, FILE2 and FILE3, in the current directory.
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You can use another enhancement to add the extension .TST to
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both of them:
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c:\4dos> ren file2 file3 *.tst
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c:\4dos\file2 -> c:\4dos\file2.tst
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c:\4dos\file3 -> c:\4dos\file3.tst
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2 files renamed
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Unlike the traditional REN command, our enhanced version lets
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you rename multiple files with a single command. All file
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processing commands like COPY, DEL, MOVE, and RENAME accept
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multiple file names, so you can combine several file
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operations instead of using a separate command for each file.
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Now delete the files you have just created. You could use a
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simple command like DEL *.TST, but that would delete any other
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.TST files in the current directory also. To protect against
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erasing files that you might want to keep, add a /P option to
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DEL so that it will prompt you before it deletes each file.
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Answer Y to the prompts shown below to delete your test files:
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c:\4dos> del *.tst /p
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Delete c:\4dos\file3.tst (Y/N/R)? y
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Delete c:\4dos\file2.tst (Y/N/R)? y
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2 files deleted 4,096 bytes freed
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 5
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Command Line Editing and History
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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(The R response listed in the prompt means "process the rest
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of the files." You can use it to skip further prompting
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during a command.)
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To verify all these actions, you can do a DIR or DIR /P to
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look at what files are left in the directory. All the files
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you've just created (FILE1, FILE2, FILE3, FILE2.TST, and
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FILE3.TST) should be gone.
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The features we've demonstrated here -- traditional commands
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with enhancements that make your work easier -- are present
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throughout 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT. If you want more details,
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pick a traditional command that you're familiar with and look
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up the corresponding command in the Reference Manual or online
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help to get an idea of what's new and improved. (Remember
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that 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT only replace internal commands
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like COPY and DIR, not external commands like DISKCOPY and
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FORMAT.)
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Command Line Editing and History
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This section demonstrates features which make it easy to
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correct typing mistakes at the system prompt, to repeat
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previous commands, and to get help with any command.
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We can't show you exact examples here as easily as we can in
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the other sections of the tour, since the display depends on
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the exact keystrokes you type and we want you to experiment a
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little. So we'll guide you through what you can do, and
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you'll see the results on your screen.
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First, create a typing error, with an incorrect DIR command:
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c:\4dos> dur /2
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Traditionally, you would have had to use the Backspace key to
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erase most of the line in order to correct this error, or
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press Esc and start over. Command line editing makes
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corrections much easier. Press the Home key followed by the
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right arrow. The cursor will move to the start of the line
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and then right one space to the "u" in "dur". Type an "i" and
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the command should be correct. To execute it, press Enter;
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if you'd rather not, press Esc.
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That's a simple example of command line editing. You can use
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the left and right arrow keys, Home and End, and Backspace and
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Del to move around and modify your command line at any time,
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just like you do in your word processor or editor. Other keys
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let you move the cursor a word at a time, delete words, change
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 6
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Command Line Editing and History
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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between overstrike and insert modes, and perform many other
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operations. Esc always clears the line and lets you start
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over.
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4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT remember the commands you type in a
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command history. We'll use the HISTORY command to display the
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commands that you have used so far during this tour:
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c:\4dos> history
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?
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dir
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... ... ...
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dir /2
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You normally have room for about 1000 characters of history,
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but you can reduce or enlarge this amount to suit your own
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needs.
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Now press the up-arrow key once. The last command in the
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HISTORY display (DIR /2 in the example above) will appear at
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the prompt. You can use the editing keys to modify this
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command, which is usually much easier than retyping it. To
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execute the command again, whether or not you've modified it,
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press Enter. To clear the line, press Esc.
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If you'd like to see more commands, first press Esc to clear
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the command line. (To see all commands in the history, you
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should always start with an empty command line.) Now press
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up-arrow several times. Each time you press it, you will back
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up one more line in the command history. Once you find the
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line you're looking for, you can modify it if you like and
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then press Enter to execute it.
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Now imagine that you have been working for a while. An hour
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ago you did a complex DIR command and you need to do it again.
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You could scroll through an hour's worth of command history.
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But another feature called command completion will save you
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time.
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First, type the beginning of the command -- DI, or DIR. Now
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press the up-arrow. This will recall the newest command in
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the history that starts with the characters you typed (if
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there are no matches, you'll hear a beep). Press up-arrow
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again to retrieve the command before that, still matching to
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the characters you originally typed.
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You can try this feature now using DI or DIR, because you've
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put several DIR commands into the command history during this
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tour.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 7
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Command Line Help
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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Perhaps you would prefer to look at a list of commands that
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you have entered and choose from the list. First press the
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Esc key to clear the command prompt. Then press the PgUp key.
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You will see a history window in the upper right corner of
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your screen showing the commands you've recently typed. You
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can move around in this window with the up-arrow and down-
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arrow keys. PgUp and PgDn scroll the display a page at a
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time. When you find the command you want, press Enter to re-
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execute it as is, or press Ctrl-Enter to move the line to the
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prompt where you can edit it as usual.
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Command Line Help
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You can get help for 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT any time you need
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it from the command prompt -- just press the F1 key.
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If you're using 4DOS, you'll see a display of all the HELP
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topics when you press F1. If you would like some help with
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COPY, move the cursor bar to COPY, or just type COPY and 4DOS
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will move the bar for you. Press Enter to see help on the
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topic; once you're there, scroll through the help using the
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vertical arrows or PgUp and PgDn keys. The highlighted items
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within a topic are cross-references to other topics; select
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one with the horizontal arrow keys and press Enter to view it.
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Press Esc to back up, or F1 to return to the topic list.
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For more help using the 4DOS help system, see the Help topic
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at the beginning of the topic list. If you have a mouse, see
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the Mouse topic.
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Under 4OS2, F1 will start VIEW.EXE, OS/2's standard help file
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viewer. If you aren't familiar with VIEW, click on the Help
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button on the menu bar for additional information. You can
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navigate through the help system with the mouse or keyboard,
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using standard OS/2 conventions.
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Under 4DOS/NT, F1 will start the standard Windows NT help
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program. Use the Help button on the menu bar for additional
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information. You can navigate through the help system with
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the mouse or keyboard, using standard Windows conventions.
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Now exit the help system (double click on the "close" box in
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the upper left corner of the window, or use the Esc key in
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4DOS). Then start entering a command:
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c:\4dos> copy *.doc a: /
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After that "/" you want to use the option that tells COPY to
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prompt you before replacing an existing file, but you can't
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 8
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More About Files
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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remember what it is. Just leave the command as it is and
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press F1. The help system will display help on COPY, and
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you'll see that the option you want is /R. Exit the help
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system and you'll be right back on the command line. You can
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type the R and press Enter to execute the command -- or press
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Esc to clear the line without executing it.
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There are many more features that can help you at the command
|
|
line. Most of them are described in Chapter 3 / Using 4DOS,
|
|
4OS2, and 4DOS/NT, in your Reference Manual.
|
|
|
|
|
|
More About Files
|
|
|
|
This section of the tour explores some additional features
|
|
that will help you manage files and directories. You're about
|
|
to use another batch file, TOUR2.BTM, to create some files
|
|
with which you can experiment. First, take a look at the
|
|
batch file with the LIST command:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> list tour2.btm
|
|
|
|
As you can see on your screen, LIST is a full screen file
|
|
viewer. You can scroll and page through the text. You may
|
|
notice that some lines near the end of the file extend beyond
|
|
the edge of your screen. To make the off-screen text visible
|
|
use the left and right arrows to scroll the display
|
|
horizontally, or press W to turn line wrapping on and off.
|
|
LIST also lets you search for text, print the file you're
|
|
viewing, and display the file in "hexadecimal" mode,
|
|
capabilities that we won't demonstrate on this tour. The file
|
|
TOUR2.BTM is simply a batch file that creates other files,
|
|
using the ECHO command. You don't have to worry about how it
|
|
works; we just used it to show you LIST. Press Esc to exit
|
|
List and return to the command line.
|
|
|
|
Now run TOUR2.BTM:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> tour2
|
|
|
|
Please wait ...
|
|
|
|
File creation completed
|
|
|
|
TOUR2 creates three files called FILE1, FILE2, and FILE3. The
|
|
contents of the files aren't important since we're just using
|
|
them for demonstration purposes. You'll be deleting and
|
|
recreating them several times during the rest of the tour.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 9
|
|
More About Files
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Now try the SELECT feature. SELECT lets you choose files for
|
|
any command from a full-screen list. We'll use it here to
|
|
delete one of the files that TOUR2 created. Enter the
|
|
command:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> select del (file*)
|
|
|
|
This lets you select from files that begin with the characters
|
|
"file", and pass the name of each selected file to the DEL
|
|
command for action.
|
|
|
|
The display on your screen includes a two-line header and then
|
|
the list of files, just as they'd look in a directory display.
|
|
Press the spacebar to "mark" the first file -- a triangular
|
|
mark will appear to the left of the file name. You can scroll
|
|
around in the display and mark and unmark files with the
|
|
spacebar as you like. When you hit Enter, the command will be
|
|
executed, deleting the files you've marked. For now, mark
|
|
FILE1 and leave the other files unmarked, so that FILE2 and
|
|
FILE3 are not deleted. You'll use them in the next step.
|
|
|
|
SELECT is also handy if you want to copy a group of files to a
|
|
floppy disk, perhaps to take your work home for the night or
|
|
to make a quick backup. If you'd like to try it, put a floppy
|
|
disk in drive A (it should be formatted, with at least 4K
|
|
bytes free). Then enter this command:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> select copy (file*) a:
|
|
|
|
Mark one or both of the files in the SELECT display, and the
|
|
marked file(s) will be copied to the floppy disk when you hit
|
|
Enter.
|
|
|
|
SELECT is a "prefix" command: it goes before another command
|
|
and modifies what that second command does. Another useful
|
|
prefix command is EXCEPT, which lets you do something except
|
|
to one or more files. Before you try EXCEPT, create new
|
|
copies of FILE1, FILE2, and FILE3 (TOUR2 will overwrite any
|
|
old copies of these files remaining from the last time it was
|
|
run):
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> tour2
|
|
... ... ...
|
|
|
|
Now use EXCEPT to delete all but one of the files that TOUR2
|
|
created:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> except (file1) del file*
|
|
Deleting c:\4dos\file2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 10
|
|
More About Files
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deleting c:\4dos\file3
|
|
2 files deleted 4,096 bytes freed
|
|
|
|
The EXCEPT command protected FILE1 from being deleted. To
|
|
verify that, use the DIR command. When you're done, run TOUR2
|
|
one more time so the files are there for the next step.
|
|
|
|
Next, create two subdirectories within the current directory:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> md dira dirb
|
|
|
|
Notice that you can create both subdirectories with a single
|
|
command. Traditionally, you would have needed two MD commands
|
|
to do the same thing. To verify that the directories are
|
|
there, use DIR but ask it to display only subdirectories (/A:D
|
|
stands for "Attributes: Directory"):
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> dir /a:d
|
|
|
|
Volume in drive C is JPS_TEST Serial number is ...
|
|
Directory of c:\4dos\*.*
|
|
|
|
. <DIR> 10-14-94 14:21
|
|
.. <DIR> 10-14-94 14:21
|
|
DIRA <DIR> 12-13-94 10:23
|
|
DIRB <DIR> 12-13-94 10:23
|
|
0 bytes in 0 files and 4 dirs 0 bytes ...
|
|
18,608,128 bytes free
|
|
|
|
OK, things look right. Now move the demonstration files to
|
|
those directories, using the built-in MOVE command. This is
|
|
what you should type to move FILE1 to DIRA, and FILE2 and
|
|
FILE3 to DIRB:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> move file1 dira
|
|
c:\4dos\file1 -> c:\4dos\dira\file1
|
|
1 file moved
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> move file2 file3 dirb
|
|
c:\4dos\file2 -> c:\4dos\dirb\file2
|
|
c:\4dos\file3 -> c:\4dos\dirb\file3
|
|
2 files moved
|
|
|
|
As usual, you can see exactly what has happened.
|
|
|
|
Now that you've created a subdirectory structure, it's time to
|
|
get a look at it. Use DIR's /S option to look for all the
|
|
files whose names begin with "file" in the current directory
|
|
and all of its subdirectories:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 11
|
|
More About Files
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> dir /s file*
|
|
|
|
Volume in drive C is JPS_TEST Serial number ...
|
|
Directory of c:\4dos\dira\file*.*
|
|
|
|
file1 22 12-13-94 10:37
|
|
22 bytes in 1 file and 0 dirs 2,048 ...
|
|
18,587,648 bytes free
|
|
|
|
Total for: c:\4dos\dira\file*.*
|
|
22 bytes in 1 file and 0 dirs 2,048 ...
|
|
|
|
Directory of c:\4dos\dirb\file*.*
|
|
|
|
file2 22 12-13-94 10:37
|
|
file3 1938 12-13-94 10:37
|
|
1,960 bytes in 2 files and 0 dirs 4,096 ...
|
|
18,587,648 bytes free
|
|
|
|
Total for: c:\4dos\dirb\file*.*
|
|
1,960 bytes in 2 files and 0 dirs 4,096 ...
|
|
|
|
Total for: c:\4dos\file*.*
|
|
1,982 bytes in 3 files and 0 dirs 6,144 ...
|
|
|
|
DIR has displayed the directory header, filenames, and totals
|
|
for each of the two subdirectories that contain files matching
|
|
the name you entered, FILE*. It also has displayed a grand
|
|
total.
|
|
|
|
You've seen that DIR can look at several subdirectories at
|
|
once. Now do the same thing with DEL, and delete the files
|
|
you put in your demonstration subdirectories, along with the
|
|
subdirectories themselves, with a single command. To do so,
|
|
you need to use two options: /S and /X. The /S option tells
|
|
DEL to delete files in the current directory and all of its
|
|
subdirectories. The /X option makes DEL remove each
|
|
subdirectory if all the files within it are deleted:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> del /s/x dira dirb
|
|
c:\4dos\dira\*.* : Are you sure (Y/N/R)? Y
|
|
Deleting c:\4dos\dira\file1
|
|
c:\4dos\dirb\*.* : Are you sure (Y/N/R)? Y
|
|
Deleting c:\4dos\dirb\file2
|
|
Deleting c:\4dos\dirb\file3
|
|
3 files deleted 6,144 bytes freed
|
|
|
|
Note the safety feature here. When you tell DEL to delete
|
|
DIRA and DIRB, they are recognized as directory names. DEL
|
|
assumes you mean "delete all files in this directory." Since
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 12
|
|
More About Files
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
you're deleting all the files, DEL displays a prompt that
|
|
tells you what's about to be deleted and asks you whether you
|
|
really want to do the deletion. Once you answer Y the files
|
|
are deleted, and the subdirectory is automatically removed
|
|
(because you used the /X switch).
|
|
|
|
4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT also let you use file descriptions, so
|
|
you can describe a file's contents more clearly than with an
|
|
8-character file name. If you installed 4DOS from diskette,
|
|
you've seen some descriptions in your directory displays
|
|
already. The descriptions can be up to 40 characters long by
|
|
default, and may be extended up to 200 characters if you wish.
|
|
|
|
Run TOUR2 again to regenerate the three demonstration files.
|
|
Then use the DESCRIBE command to create a description for each
|
|
file (you can enter any description you like; you don't have
|
|
to use the text shown):
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> tour2
|
|
c:\4dos> describe file*
|
|
Describe "c:\4dos\file1" : Tour file 1
|
|
Describe "c:\4dos\file2" : Tour file 2
|
|
Describe "c:\4dos\file3" : Tour file 3
|
|
|
|
Now look at the descriptions with a DIR command:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> dir file*
|
|
... ... ...
|
|
|
|
The descriptions will appear any time you ask for a standard,
|
|
single-column directory display. They will also appear when
|
|
you use the SELECT command. They can be a lifesaver when you
|
|
have files whose contents you can't remember, or when you have
|
|
large groups of files with similar names.
|
|
|
|
4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT can also help you find files or text
|
|
quickly and easily, anywhere on your disk. To search for
|
|
files or text, you use the FFIND command.
|
|
|
|
In its simplest form, FFIND searches for files. For example,
|
|
try this command to find all the .DOC files in the current
|
|
directory:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> ffind *.doc
|
|
c:\4dos\4dos.doc
|
|
c:\4dos\appnotes.doc
|
|
c:\4dos\license.doc
|
|
c:\4dos\orderinf.doc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 13
|
|
Directory Navigation
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos\readme.doc
|
|
c:\4dos\updat55.doc
|
|
|
|
6 files
|
|
|
|
You can also use FFIND to search for text:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> ffind /lt"echo" *.doc
|
|
---- c:\4dos\4dos.doc
|
|
[1179] echo %comspec
|
|
|
|
---- c:\4dos\appnotes.doc
|
|
[1293] echo This is junk ...
|
|
|
|
---- c:\4dos\updat55.doc
|
|
[279] immediately, without echoing the ...
|
|
|
|
3 lines in 3 files
|
|
|
|
FFIND has listed the first line in each file which contains
|
|
the text you specified. You can use the /V switch to show
|
|
every line which contains your search string (not just the
|
|
first line). The /L switch used above includes line numbers
|
|
in the output, and the /T switch specifies the search string.
|
|
Other FFIND switches let you control the order in which files
|
|
are listed, search subdirectories (like DIR /S), search the
|
|
entire hard disk, and even search all the hard disks in your
|
|
system.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directory Navigation
|
|
|
|
4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT make it easier to access files; they
|
|
also make it much more convenient to navigate through the hard
|
|
disk directory structure. You're probably already familiar
|
|
with the traditional CD command, which you use to change
|
|
directories. We've added a "go back" option to CD, which is
|
|
invoked by using the minus sign [-] instead of a directory
|
|
name. Try this:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> cd \
|
|
c:\> cd -
|
|
c:\4dos>
|
|
|
|
The CD - changes back to the directory you were in before the
|
|
most recent CD command. It's a convenient way to switch back
|
|
and forth between two directories. (Make sure you type at
|
|
least one space between CD and the minus sign.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 14
|
|
Aliases
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can also change the drive and directory at the same time
|
|
with the CDD command, so you don't have to switch drives first
|
|
and then change directories. Here's an example using CDD.
|
|
Before you try it, put a floppy disk in drive A:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> cdd a:\
|
|
a:\> cdd -
|
|
c:\4dos>
|
|
|
|
As you can see, the minus works with CDD as well.
|
|
|
|
For more complex sequences of directory navigation, you can
|
|
use PUSHD and POPD. These commands maintain a directory
|
|
"stack" and let you make several changes, then move back
|
|
through the directories you've been to. They can change both
|
|
drive and directory, like CDD. For example:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> pushd a:\
|
|
a:\> pushd c:\
|
|
c:\> popd
|
|
a:\> popd
|
|
c:\4dos>
|
|
|
|
Now press Ctrl-PgUp (hold down the Ctrl key and then press the
|
|
PgUp key). You'll see a directory history window in the upper
|
|
right corner of your screen showing the directories you have
|
|
visited recently. You can move around this window with the
|
|
same keys you used earlier in the command history window.
|
|
When you find a directory that you want to move to, press
|
|
Enter to change to it. You can also press Ctrl-Enter to move
|
|
the directory name to the command line for editing.
|
|
|
|
We also offer a special environment variable, CDPATH, to help
|
|
you find the right directory without a lot of typing. CD,
|
|
CDD, and PUSHD use CDPATH to find the subdirectory you want to
|
|
change to if they can't find it in the current directory.
|
|
This can help a lot when you have long but commonly used
|
|
directory names. See the Reference Manual or online help for
|
|
complete details on CDPATH, and information on another
|
|
directory navigation feature, Automatic Directory Changes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aliases
|
|
|
|
Aliases are one of the most powerful features in 4DOS, 4OS2,
|
|
and 4DOS/NT. Simple aliases are very easy to set up and use
|
|
(that's what we'll discuss here). Complex aliases allow you
|
|
to configure your system just about any way you want, and can
|
|
often take the place of small batch files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 15
|
|
Aliases
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
The purpose of an alias is to rename or reconfigure a command.
|
|
Aliases are defined and viewed with the ALIAS command. In
|
|
this tour, we'll show you how to set up aliases for the DIR
|
|
command. Of course, you can use aliases to enhance any
|
|
command; for more examples see the ALIAS command in the
|
|
Reference Manual, and the sample file ALIASES that comes with
|
|
your command processor.
|
|
|
|
Here's a popular favorite for anyone who uses DIR and wants to
|
|
be able to use a simple D instead:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> alias d = dir
|
|
|
|
To see what aliases you've defined, enter ALIAS with no
|
|
parameters:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> alias
|
|
d=dir
|
|
|
|
To use the alias, just enter its name at the prompt, like any
|
|
command. In this case, you'll see a standard directory
|
|
display:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> d
|
|
|
|
Once you've defined an alias, you can use it anywhere a
|
|
command can be used: at the prompt, in a batch file, or
|
|
inside another alias.
|
|
|
|
As an example, build on the D alias you have already defined.
|
|
Suppose you regularly use 2-column directory listings,
|
|
discussed near the start of the tour. You can define an
|
|
alias, D2, to execute the DIR /2 command with the touch of a
|
|
couple of keys. Since you have already defined D, you can
|
|
define D2 separately, or so it uses the D alias (choose one
|
|
method to try):
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> alias d2 = dir /2
|
|
c:\4dos> alias d2 = d /2
|
|
|
|
To use this alias, just type the command D2 and press Enter.
|
|
You can pass file names to these aliases just like you would
|
|
to the original command. For example, D2 *.DOC will display
|
|
the .DOC files.
|
|
|
|
You can create aliases that are even easier to use with
|
|
keystroke aliases, which let you assign an Alt, Ctrl, or
|
|
Function key to an alias so you can invoke it by pressing a
|
|
single key. Say you'd like to assign the 2-column directory
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 16
|
|
Aliases
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
display to F5. Just define an alias like D2, and make the
|
|
alias name the key name, with two at-signs [@@] before it:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> alias @@f5 = dir /2
|
|
|
|
Now press F5 and the DIR /2 command will be executed. You can
|
|
also create key aliases that don't execute when you press the
|
|
key, so you can type additional information on the line --
|
|
just use a single [@] sign at the start of the alias, instead
|
|
of two.
|
|
|
|
You can use an alias to redefine how a standard command works,
|
|
without changing its name. Suppose you always want DIR to
|
|
display its output in 2 columns, with a vertical sort and a
|
|
pause at the end of each page. You might think of using
|
|
something like this:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> alias dir = dir /2/p/v
|
|
|
|
Go ahead and try that, then do a DIR. You'll get an error:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> dir
|
|
Alias loop
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos>
|
|
|
|
The "alias loop" error is caused because the DIR command
|
|
inside your alias is interpreted as another attempt to run the
|
|
same alias. It's easy to change the alias so this doesn't
|
|
happen:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> alias dir = *dir /2/p/v
|
|
|
|
The [*] indicates that what follows should not be interpreted
|
|
as an alias. Try the definition above (you can scroll back to
|
|
the incorrect definition with up-arrow and modify it). Then
|
|
do a DIR and you'll see the results. Using this method, you
|
|
can redefine the default options for any internal command.
|
|
|
|
Aliases can contain multiple commands and can do much fancier
|
|
things than what you've seen here. They're great for creating
|
|
shorthand names for commonly used programs like your word
|
|
processor or database manager, and they will often load
|
|
programs faster as well -- if you put the full name of the
|
|
program in an alias, 4DOS doesn't need to search your PATH for
|
|
it (see the ALIAS command in the Reference manual or online
|
|
help for full details on this technique).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 17
|
|
Other Commands
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Commands
|
|
|
|
There are a few other commands that we'll just touch on, so
|
|
that you can see some of the other capabilities of 4DOS, 4OS2,
|
|
and 4DOS/NT.
|
|
|
|
First, turn on the LOG facility, which records all the
|
|
commands you enter. Enter the command:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> log /w mylog
|
|
|
|
You won't see anything else happen, but you've turned logging
|
|
on. We'll return to the log later.
|
|
|
|
A couple of commands let you control screen color. The
|
|
examples here will work on any system with a color video board
|
|
(the commands work on monochrome systems, too, but you're
|
|
restricted to the colors white and black). Try clearing the
|
|
screen to a specific color:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> cls bright white on magenta
|
|
|
|
Now let's set a different color:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> color bright yellow on blue
|
|
|
|
The behavior of the COLOR command varies depending on which
|
|
product you are using, and (under DOS) whether you have an
|
|
ANSI driver loaded. In some cases COLOR will change the color
|
|
of the entire screen immediately; in others, it only affects
|
|
the color of text displayed after it's executed, and not the
|
|
color of text already on the screen. You can experiment with
|
|
COLOR to see how it works on your system.
|
|
|
|
The FREE and MEMORY commands help you keep track of system
|
|
resources. FREE tells you about free space on your disk
|
|
drives (and is much faster than CHKDSK). MEMORY tells you
|
|
about memory resources, including available RAM, and internal
|
|
alias and history storage areas. Here are examples of the
|
|
output from our test system; try the commands on your system
|
|
and see what you get:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> free
|
|
Volume in drive C is JPS_TEST Serial number ...
|
|
41,826,304 bytes total disk space
|
|
23,232,512 bytes used
|
|
18,593,792 bytes free
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 18
|
|
Other Commands
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> memory
|
|
655,360 bytes total DOS RAM
|
|
612,256 bytes free
|
|
|
|
7,815,168 bytes total EMS memory
|
|
688,128 bytes free
|
|
|
|
12,288 bytes free XMS memory (HMA in use)
|
|
|
|
1,792 bytes total environment
|
|
233 bytes free
|
|
|
|
6,144 bytes total alias
|
|
1,045 bytes free
|
|
|
|
1,024 bytes total history
|
|
|
|
The TIMER command lets you time events. The following line
|
|
also shows that 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT can accept multiple
|
|
commands on one line. (The character used to separate
|
|
commands is a caret [^] in 4DOS, as shown below. Use an
|
|
ampersand [&] in place of the caret if you are working with
|
|
4OS2 or 4DOS/NT.) This command starts the timer, runs the
|
|
TOUR2.BTM file to create the three demonstration files,
|
|
deletes the three files, and then stops the timer and displays
|
|
the how long the whole operation took. Enter this command to
|
|
time the entire sequence on your computer:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> timer ^ tour2 ^ del file* ^ timer
|
|
Timer 1 on: 11:10:01
|
|
|
|
Please wait ...
|
|
|
|
File creation completed
|
|
Deleting c:\4dos\file1
|
|
Deleting c:\4dos\file2
|
|
Deleting c:\4dos\file3
|
|
3 files deleted
|
|
Timer 1 off: 11:10:06 elapsed: 0:00:05.11
|
|
|
|
Now return to the log that you started a few minutes ago.
|
|
Turn logging off, then take a look at what was recorded, using
|
|
these commands:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> log off
|
|
c:\4dos> list mylog
|
|
|
|
You'll see a full-screen display of the log file. It should
|
|
look something like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 19
|
|
Batch Files
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
[12-13-94 11:05:02] cls bright white on magenta
|
|
[12-13-94 11:06:45] color bright yellow on blue
|
|
... ... ...
|
|
... (commands from TOUR2.BTM displayed here)
|
|
... ... ...
|
|
[12-13-94 11:12:35] log off
|
|
|
|
You can scroll through the log with the arrow keys and PgUp /
|
|
PgDn. Press Esc to exit when you've finished viewing the log.
|
|
|
|
As you can see, the log contains every command you entered
|
|
plus a date and time stamp. It's a complete record of system
|
|
activity, including commands you type and those entered from
|
|
batch files and aliases. You can use it as a record of your
|
|
work, for security purposes, or for anything else you desire.
|
|
You may want to clean up the directory now by deleting this
|
|
demonstration log with a DEL MYLOG command.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Batch Files
|
|
|
|
This final section demonstrates a few of the enhancements we
|
|
offer for your batch files. If you've never worked with batch
|
|
files, you may want to skip this section. If you aren't sure,
|
|
give it a try and stop if things seem too complex. You don't
|
|
have to be a batch file expert to use 4DOS, 4OS2, or 4DOS/NT.
|
|
|
|
Rather than having you write actual batch files, we'll
|
|
demonstrate some of the batch file features that work just as
|
|
well at the prompt.
|
|
|
|
Some batch file improvements aid in communicating with the
|
|
user. You can make sounds:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> beep 440 2 880 8 660 4
|
|
|
|
You can draw boxes and lines. Enter each of these commands on
|
|
one line; use the second set if you have a monochrome
|
|
monitor:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> cls bright white on blue
|
|
c:\4dos> drawbox 10 10 20 70 4 bright cyan on black
|
|
fill black
|
|
c:\4dos> drawhline 15 10 61 1 bright cyan on black
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> cls bright white on black
|
|
c:\4dos> drawbox 10 10 20 70 4 black on white fill
|
|
white
|
|
c:\4dos> drawhline 15 10 61 1 black on white
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 20
|
|
Batch Files
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notice that these commands correctly connect the lines on the
|
|
screen where they intersect. Additional commands like SCREEN
|
|
and SCRPUT, which we won't demonstrate here, display text
|
|
anywhere on the screen and in any color.
|
|
|
|
You can also ask the user for input. Try this (be sure to use
|
|
two percent signs before the second "letter"):
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> inkey Enter a letter: %%letter
|
|
Enter a letter: A
|
|
|
|
The letter you typed was stored in your environment in the
|
|
variable named LETTER. Use the SET command to view it:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> set
|
|
COMSPEC=C:\4DOS\4DOS.COM
|
|
... ... ...
|
|
LETTER=A
|
|
|
|
The user can also type full strings if you use the INPUT
|
|
command:
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> input Enter a string: %%string
|
|
Enter a string: Type anything you like here ...
|
|
|
|
Again, SET will let you view the string, stored in the
|
|
environment variable STRING. INKEY and INPUT have many
|
|
additional options, including the ability to check for valid
|
|
keystrokes, and "time out" if you don't press a key within a
|
|
specified length of time.
|
|
|
|
Once you've collected some input, you can test it with the IF
|
|
and IFF commands. Here's one example. Enter this on one line
|
|
(there's plenty of room; command lines can be up to 255
|
|
characters long in 4DOS, and up to 1023 characters in 4OS2 and
|
|
4DOS/NT). Type ampersands [&] in place of the carets [^] if
|
|
you are using 4OS2 or 4DOS/NT.
|
|
|
|
c:\4dos> inkey Enter a letter: %%letter
|
|
^ iff "%letter" == "A" then ^ echo hello
|
|
^ else ^ echo goodbye ^ endiff
|
|
|
|
Try using the up-arrow to repeat the command several times,
|
|
giving different responses to the "Enter a letter" prompt.
|
|
|
|
4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT offer dozens of additional batch file
|
|
improvements. For more information see the Reference Manual
|
|
or online help.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 21
|
|
Conclusion
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conclusion
|
|
|
|
This has been a very fast tour of some of the most popular
|
|
features of our enhanced command processors. There are many
|
|
more features, commands, and options to explore, as well as
|
|
ways to customize your system so that it suits your computing
|
|
habits and needs. One of the best features of 4DOS, 4OS2, and
|
|
4DOS/NT is their ability to adapt to your way of working
|
|
instead of requiring you to adapt to them.
|
|
|
|
If you selected "Tour Installation" when you ran the INSTALL
|
|
program, you will probably want to perform a full installation
|
|
now. You can put the distribution disk in your floppy drive,
|
|
run INSTALL, and follow the instructions on the screen. If
|
|
you need help, refer to the installation instructions in your
|
|
Introduction and Installation Guide.
|
|
|
|
To learn more about specific commands, look through the
|
|
Command Reference section of the Reference Manual, or the
|
|
individual commands in the online help. To learn more about
|
|
the dozens of features that aren't related to specific
|
|
commands, read through Chapter 3 / Using 4DOS, 4OS2, and
|
|
4DOS/NT in the Reference Manual, or browse through the online
|
|
help.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT 22
|
|
|