490 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
490 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
From: Jeremy Smith <jeremy@jacobs.CS.ORST.EDU>
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Subject: 28/48 FAQ
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28/48 FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
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about the HP 28C, HP 28S, and HP 48SX.
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(October 2, 1992)
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FAQs
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====
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This file (replaces FAQ2848.old on seq.uncwil.edu) is compiled by
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jeremy@atlantis.cs.orst.edu, to which any additions and corrections should
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be sent.
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FAQ3 - HP-48SX Q&A & Useful tidbits (60950 bytes. Includes \->ASC and
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vectored enter articles). See hp48/FAQ3 on seq.uncwil.edu (or to:
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hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu send message: send FAQ3).
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95FAQ - A draft 95 FAQ has been posted to comp.sys.palmtops
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HP 28 stuff
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===========
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To find out the version of your HP 28C execute HEX then #A SYSEVAL. It will
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be 1BB or 1CC.
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The version of your HP 28S is 2BB
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HP 28 and 48 stuff
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Flickering display - caused by fluorescent lights.
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Split a matrix in rows by using \Gs-
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Build a matrix from rows by using \Gs+
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Your calculator is very accurate, but not infinite. Don't expect 'SQ(\v/2)'
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to be exactly 2.
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Mind the values of your symbolic, constant, function evaluation flags.
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The 28 speed nybble has a value 0-f (default 7) which can be changed by
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software; the 48 is 'hard-wired' to top speed - 2MHz and cannot be
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changed.
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Transmitting data from the HP28 to the HP48 is done with INPRT which comes on
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the floppies included with the HP48 cable. INPRT is available from
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seq.uncwil.edu binaries/inprt.tar.Z
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What is the difference between the 28 & 48? ftp seq.uncwil.edu
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desc/from28to48.Z
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HP 48 stuff
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===========
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Infinite Results and Related Flags.
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Flag -20 set causes a positive or negative underflow to be treated as an
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error. If flag -20 is clear, an underflow causes an Error. No matter
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whether or not flag -20 is set, flag -23 gets set if a negative number
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underflows, or flag -24 gets set if a positive number underflows. (For
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example: -1E-499 10 / will cause a negative underflow.) It appears that
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flags -23 and -24 stay set until they are cleared by the user. They can
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be tested with FS? or FC? or FS?C or FC?C whenever desired.
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For Overflows flag -21 does the same as flag -20 and flag -25 does the
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same as flags -23 and -24. No sign distinction for overflows.
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For Infinite Results, flag -22 does the same as flag -20 and flag -26 does
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the same as flags -23 and -24.
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HP48 Owner's Manual, new single volume, Edition 1, 11/91, part number
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00048-90091.
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Adding temperatures
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The notation: 1 ^oF (1 degree Fahrenheit) means 1 degree on the absolute
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scale, while 1 F^o (1 Fahrenheit degree) means an increment of 1 degree.
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With that in mind define two new units:
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Celsius degrees: 1_K, 'C^o' (where ^o is the degree symbol alpha-
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right shift-6), STO
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Fahrenheit degrees: 1_^oR, 'F^o', STO
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Ex: To add an increment of 10 Celsius degrees to 100 degrees Fahrenheit:
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10_C^o 100_^oF + (returns 118^oF) - note that the most recent (top) unit
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on the stack is the one that the answer ends up in, so that 100_^oF 10_C^o
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+ returns 65.5555555556_C^o which must then been converted to Fahrenheit
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(1_^oF CONVERT) so that it is in absolute temperature units.
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Deleting a library. To delete library 1234: HOME (or change to the
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directory where the library was attached), 1234 DETACH, :0: 1234 PURGE,
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powercycle.
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To find out the version type ON-D, Backspace, EVAL. Type ON-C to get back to
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the real world. Also << #30794h SYSEVAL >>
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Type ON-x as follows: press ON, press x, release ON, release x.
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Stopping TAYLR gone mad; ON-C halts any operation & doesn't erase variables.
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Press \pi \->NUM to get pi. Same for e, i, MINR, MAXR.
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Flag 19 determines whether 2D makes a vector or a complex number
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MEM invokes garbage collection (memory cleanup). Garbage collection occurs
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automatically at intervals causing the 48 to pause for a moment. Use less
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stack to make it faster.
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ON-C gets all memory back, except variables. PICT, last stack, last arg, the
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stack, etc all use up memory.
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\Ga and other characters preceded by \ - see manual (II) p627.
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Vectored ENTER refers to \GaENTER and \GbENTER. See desc/vect.enter.Z on
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seq.uncwil.edu (or to: hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu send message: send
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hardware/vector.ENTER.Z).
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Tetris - get games/ml.tetris on seq.uncwil.edu (or to:
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hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu send message: send games/ml.tetris).
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\->ASC is a 48 program that converts a binary object to an ascii string (like
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uuencode) and ASC\-> reverses the process. Use \->ASC to post binary
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objects. \->ASC available as comp.sources.hp48/volume01/asc.Z on
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seq.uncwil.edu (or to: hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu send message: send
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comp.sources.hp48/volume01/asc.Z).
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Bugs in the 48. See desc/bugs.Z on seq.uncwil.edu (or to:
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hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu send message: send desc/bugs.Z).
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HP 48 System RPL, System Tools, Machine Language & related notes
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================================================================
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Saturn is the code name for HP's 4-bit proprietary microprocessor with a 1M-
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nybble address space (RAM+ROM), first used in the HP-71. It has been
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upgraded with some additional (ML) instructions for use in the HP 48.
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(System) RPL (Reverse Polish Lisp) is the language developed to implement
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the 48 functionality on the Saturn, and was designed to be portable to
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other CPUs.
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The programming language defined in the Owner's Manual is called "User RPL",
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which is a subset of a much larger and more powerful language called
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"System RPL". Some differences between User RPL and System RPL which
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spring to <akcs.joehorn@hpcvbbs.cv.hp.com>'s mind are listed below:
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User RPL System RPL
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1. To use a command, you just The commands have no names and can
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type its name. The HP 48 only be used with SYSEVAL or by
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recognizes the name because directly embedding the "External"
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it's in the built-in list of code in a program using various
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command names. System RPL programming tools.
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2. The commands are safe to use The commands are dangerous to use
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because they have built-in because they assume the stack has
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argument type checking. the correct arguments on it, and may
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wipeout if not.
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3. Slower (because of #2) Faster (because of #2)
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4. You can view, print, and edit The only way to view, print, or edit
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programs directly on the HP 48 programs is with System RPL
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without any extra software developer's software in the HP 48 or
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needed. on a computer.
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5. You can only handle a few of You can handle all 29 object types
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the HP 48's object types. directly.
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6. You can only do "supported" You have total control of the HP 48
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things in the Manual. and can do "impossible" things.
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7. Impresses the natives. Impresses hackers.
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Joe Horn's Library ID list: see hp48/Library.IDS on seq.uncwil.edu
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48tools - RPL Development System. See hp_tools/tools.exe on seq.uncwil.edu
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(or to: hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu send message: send
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hp_tools/tools.exe). Or get EduCALC Goodies Disk #4, complete docs
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included.
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Machine Language (ML). Every thing you need to learn to program the 48 in
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both RPL and Assembler (ML) is on EduCalc's goodies disk #4. ML runs even
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faster than System RPL, but it takes much longer to write large
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applications in ML than in System RPL. You can learn and develop ML
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software with HP's System RPL development system (TOOLS.EXE) because it
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includes a complete assembler with complete docs and uses HP's mnemonics.
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Jan Brittenson has written an assembler called STAR which the oldtimers
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like because it has "personality" (viz. bugs, sparse documentation, and
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uses AG mnemonics); many of the goodies posted by the net gods are
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developed with STAR.
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Mnemonics for machine language come in two flavors: AG (Alonzo Gariepy)
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and HP (Hewlett-Packard).
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Alonzo's 48 internals: see hardware/innards.Z on seq.uncwil.edu (or to:
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hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu send message: send hardware/innards.Z).
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ASAP - A Saturn Assembler Program, written in perl (unix)
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Chip48 is a machine language program which interprets Chip8, a game language
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used on small systems in the 1970s. CHIP48 is "a small interpreted
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language designed specifically for writing simple video games". Written
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by Andreas Gustafsson, CHIP48 was the platform for many delightful games
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for the HP 48, such as SYZYGY by Roy Trevino. Chip8 games appear as an
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undecipherable string on the stack, but can be run using the Chip48
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interpreter. It was upgraded by Erik Bryntse to support higher resolution
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and screen scrolling; he called this version SCHIP (for "Super CHIP").
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SCHIP games include the famous IN SEARCH OF COKE (aka "ANT") by Paul
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Raines, and H.PIPER! by Erin Catto. Hans Christian Egeberg wrote a
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CHIP48/SCHIP assembler called CHIPPER that can be run on a PC. All six of
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the programs mentioned in this paragraph are available on EduCALC Goodies
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Disks. See also chip8/*.* on seq.uncwil.edu (or to:
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hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu send message: send chip8/super-chip_v1.0.Z).
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STAR - A macro assembler for saturn code, written in C, uses AG mnemonics:
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see hardware/star-1.04.4.tar.Z on seq.uncwil.edu (or to:
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hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu send message: send
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hardware/star-1.04.4.tar.Z).
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SAD - Saturn Disassembler is available as pub/sad-1.03.tar.Z from
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ftp.ai.mit.edu (128.52.38.46). These notes from the author
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(bson@ai.mit.edu): "SAD ports with relative ease to any machine/compiler
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with sizeof (int) >= 4. It is a disassembler run from a SAD-specific GNU
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Emacs mode (read README and load sad.el), which disassembles using AG
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mnemonics. It is capable of optionally producing output that can be fed
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as input to STAR, although they are not entirely compatible (minor
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changes, I may perhaps update SAD upon request). The Emacs mode allows
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you to disassemble ROM segments in different buffers/windows, as well as
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interactively adding info the comments/symbol/format databases (just edit
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the buffer and press C-c C-c)."
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SASS - Saturn Assembler, written in C. SASS compiled for the PC is available
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from seq.uncwil.edu: hardware/sassPC.tar.Z and gmuvax2.gnu.edu:
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hp48/sass231.zip (source: hp48/sass23.tar).
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Voyager (by Derek Nickel), disassembler running under DOS. Uses HP
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mnemonics. See hardware/voyager7.exe on seq.uncwil.edu (or to:
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hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu send message: send hardware/voyager7.exe).
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MLDL - Machine Language Development Lab (by Jan Brittenson) available as
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software and also on a card. (Named after similar development tools for
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HP-41 ML development.) Uses AG mnemonics.
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HP 48 hardware (see hardware/*.* on seq.uncwil.edu)
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==============
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6-foot serial 9-pin cable $15.95 from EduCALC (Stock #2609, page 49 in
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catalog #55).
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HP 48 accessories: see hp48/desc/educalc.51.Z on seq.uncwil.edu (or to:
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hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu send message: send desc/educalc.51.Z).
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The HP 41 Emulator Card allows you to write HP 41 programs and run them on
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the 48. It's also called the Lobotomy Card.
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Difference between the HP 48SX and the HP 48S is that the latter lacks the
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card bay, and the circuitry to enable cards. They have the same IR and
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serial capabilities.
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Non-HP RAM cards. Read HP's point of view (appendix B in hp48/FAQ3 on
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seq.uncwil.edu) and compare a hacker's point of view (hardware/ram.cards.Z
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on seq.uncwil.edu).
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The RESET! button: under rubber forefoot - left US, right - non US. Push an
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opened paperclip into the little hole (has the letter `R' beside it) to
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activate.
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PC is DTE, modem is DCE. Use null modem &/or gender bender.
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Pinouts for serial cables, looking at them end on:
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+-----------7 sgnd +-----5 rx
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+-----4 signal ground | +---3 rx +-----5 sgnd | +---4 sgnd
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| +---3 rx (input) | | +-2 tx | +-3 tx | | 3 tx
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| | +-2 tx (output) | | | 1 shield | | 2 rx | | |
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| | | 1 shield | | | | | | | v v v
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| | | | v v v v v v v ___________
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v v v v ___________________________ ___________ | ------- |
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_________ \o o o o o o o o o o o o o/ \o o o o o/ |/ o o o \|
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|o o o o| \o o o o o o o o o o o o/ \o o o o/ ||o o o||
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`-------' ----------------------- ------- |\ o o /|
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25 14 9 6 | ------- |
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`---------'
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HP 48 PC (25 pin) PC (9 pin) Macintosh
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HP BBS
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======
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HP's calculator BBS: (503) 750-4448 @ 2400 baud N81, and (503) 750-3277 @
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9600 baud v.32 N81. Also (from Internet sites): telnet hpcvbbs.cv.hp.com
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handheld ftp sites (the archive sites - Lots of articles, information and
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================== neat public domain HP 28 & HP 48 software)
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[IP#_________] [site____________] [directory______________] [__________Notes]
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15.255.240.16 hpcsos.col.hp.com pub
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15.255.72.15 hpcvaaz.cv.hp.com pub
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15.255.72.16 hpcvbbs.cv.hp.com pub/readme login: new (HP's calculator BBS)
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36.14.0.43 calvin.stanford.edu
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128.109.221.20 sec.uncwil.edu hp48/ hp28/ (start here for HP48 stuff)
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128.214.6.100 nic.funet.fi pub/archive/comp.sources.hp48/index
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129.174.1.8 gmuvax2.gmu.edu hp28 new/hp28 hp48
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129.186.99.31 telnet DIAL: me\16125 (Iowa State)
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130.39.128.96 max.ee.lsu.edu hp48sx
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131.188.1.43 faui43.informatik.uni-erlangen.de pub/hp28 pub/hp48
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134.129.111.64 plains.nodak.edu pub/hpcalc/hp28
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146.169.2.1 src.doc.ic.ac.uk pub/computing/systems/handhelds/hp48
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(206) 562-7083 sci-fac bbs ] Science [ SCIence-FACtor BBS
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(206) 644-4569 sci-fac bbs ] Math [ sysop Bruce N. Baker
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(206) 747-5329 sci-fac bbs ] Engineering [ a PCboard BBS
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(403) 487-6947 HP BBS Edmonton
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(414) 362-2020 9600n81 Milwaukee HP48BBS
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(416) 968-6633 2400n81 Raiders of the Lost Arg BBS john.ricciuti@canrem.uucp
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(503) 750-4448 2400 baud N81 HP's calculator BBS
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(503) 750-3277 9600 baud v.32 N81 HP's calculator BBS
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(517) 886-0836 2400n81 Dan's BBS Extravaganza dunham@cl-next4.cl.msu.edu
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palmtop sites: (Usenet: comp.sys.palmtops draft FAQ: george@ucs.ucb.ca)
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==============
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18.62.0.6 eddie.mit.edu distrib/hp95lx/... (HP 95)
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128.32.183.94 math.berkeley.edu (sharp wizard)
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129.89.8.4 csd4.csd.uwm.edu pub/Psion pub/Palmtop (HP 95 Pofo Poqet Psion)
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131.254.254.2 ftp.irisa.fr (HP 95)
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141.211.164.8 atari.archive.umich.edu usenet:comp.sys.atari.st (Atari PortFo)
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146.169.2.1 src.doc.ic.ac.uk public/packages/psion (Psion)
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mail agserv@ukmug.uk.mugnet.org message: send {help|index|newsletter}(AgendA)
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0271-24458 AgendA BBS (AgendA)
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+81 03-3299-8661 2400n81 guest ID: SHRAP999 Japanese BBS Kanji (PC-E500)
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Mailing lists, mail servers
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===========================
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Handhelds Mailing list: (forwarded to comp.sys.handhelds)
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To join mailing list send message
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SUBSCRIBE HANDHELDS your_real_name
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To abdicate from mailing list send message
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UNSUBSCRIBE HANDHELDS or SIGNOFF HANDHELDS
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to MAILSERV@GAC.EDU (Internet) or MAILSERV@GACVAX1.BITNET (Bitnet)
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To post message on mailing list (forwarded to comp.sys.handhelds), send to:
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HANDHELDS@GAC.EDU (Internet) or HANDHELDS@GACVAX1.BITNET (Bitnet)
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To join comp.sys.hp48 and comp.sources.hp48 mailing list send mail to:
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hp48-sub@seq.uncwil.edu
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To abdicate from comp.sys.hp48 & comp.sources.hp48 mailing list, mail to:
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hp48-unsub@seq.uncwil.edu
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To submit an article to comp.sources.hp48 send it to:
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hp48@seq.uncwil.edu
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Handhelds mail server
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To: hp-mail-server@seq.uncwil.edu
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Subject: don't care
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send HELP INDEX (help on using this server, and index of files)
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HP28 (specify this only if you want files from the HP 28 directory)
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The newsgroups
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==============
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Charter comp.sys.handhelds
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This newsgroup will contain all the same postings the inet group contains
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of the same name. Voting on this will just make comp.sys.handhelds an
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official Usenet newsgroup. Nothing else will change. If the vote fails
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comp.sys.handhelds will just remain an inet only group.
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Charter comp.sys.palmtops
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This newsgroup will contain all discussion related to any machine
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classified as a palmtop. The Wizard, BOSS, HP95, the rumored Sony/Mac
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machine, that new CMOS Cray (the one with antigrav units) are considered
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palmtops.
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Charter comp.sys.hp48
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This newsgroup will contain all discussion pertaining to the HP48
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calculator and accessories. HP28 discussion is also invited and welcome.
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Anything that is normally posted to comp.sys.handhelds about the HP48
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should be posted here with the exception of programs in any form.
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Programs should be posted to the source group, assuming that it passes.
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Otherwise, all programs will be posted here.
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Charter comp.sources.hp48
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This moderated newsgroup will contain all program postings and anything
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that needs to be archived. All programs can and should be posted here.
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It will not matter if they are rpl source, assembly source, uuencoded
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binaries, asc encoded binaries, or any other format that might come up in
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the foreseeable future. It would be good to post large documents like the
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internals list here for archiving and to keep the bytes down in the
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discussion group. This is not a requirement, only a suggestion.
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Each posting will contain rkive(1) headers so that rkive(1) can be used to
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automatically archive each posting. Hopefully the sites that archive
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comp.sources.* will also archive the HP48 source. There will be at least
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one archive site, seq.uncwil.edu.
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Each posting will also contain a version number so that it will be much
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easier to keep track of newer versions and to purge old versions.
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Since most HP28 programs run on the HP48, they are welcome. The postings
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will be identified by HP28 in the subject line of each message.
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The moderator will be Chris Spell (spell@seq.uncwil.edu) until such time
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as he decides to name a successor.
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Mail Order HP 48sx and accessories available from:
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==========
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EduCalc Mail Store (714) 582-2637 (also overseas)
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27953 Cabot Road
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Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 USA
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(800) 677-7001 fax: (714) 582-1445
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|
Calculators, Inc.
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|
Minneapolis
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|
(612) 866-8908
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|
|
|
Elek-Tek (708) 677-7660
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|
7350 North Linder Avenue
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|
Skokie, Illinois 60077
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|
(800) 395-1000 fax: (708) 677-7168
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|
|
|
Surveyors Supply Co. (919) 362-7000
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|
Hwy 64 at Salem Street P.O. Box 809
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|
Apex, NC 27502
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(800) 334-0095 fax: (919) 362-7077
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|
File Formats (There are hundreds. These few are most generally encountered
|
|
============ in the HP 48 world)
|
|
.asc HP 48 ASCII string. Download to your 48 and use ASC-> to convert to
|
|
48 program
|
|
.lib HP 48 library file
|
|
.ps PostScript document. First line should start with the two characters:
|
|
%! (more often: %!PS-Adobe-2.0...). Send this file to a postscript
|
|
printer.
|
|
.tar unix archiving utility that can store numerous files (and directories
|
|
of files) in one file.tar. It stands for Tape ARchive, and originally
|
|
was developed to archive files to tape. To untar a tar file type: tar
|
|
xvf file.tar. A DOS version of tar is available from
|
|
wuarchive.wustl.edu mirrors/msdos/filutl/pdtar.zip
|
|
.uue A uuencoded file. type: uudecode file.uue to generate file, which may
|
|
be any other format requiring further processing. uudecode is native
|
|
on unix systems and available for most other systems.
|
|
.Z A unix compressed file. Type: uncompress file.Z to generate file. A
|
|
DOS version of uncompress is available from wuarchive.wustl.edu
|
|
mirrors/msdos/compress/comp430d.zip
|
|
.zip A PKzip'd file
|
|
binary Most files obtained from ftp sites should be transferred in binary
|
|
mode.
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|
|
|
|
|
ftp, telnet, Bitftp, & DECwrl
|
|
=============================
|
|
ftp allows you to logon to a remote site and list and get (and put) files.
|
|
This is generally available only from Internet sites, but see DECwrl below
|
|
for subterfuge. From your terminal prompt type:
|
|
|
|
ftp machine.site.domain
|
|
login: anonymous (anonymous is usual public access name)
|
|
password: your_email_address (not required but preferred, for stats)
|
|
cd directory (usually pub/)
|
|
cd sub_directory (often self descriptive)
|
|
get README |more (more README to your screen without actually getting file)
|
|
type binary (see below)
|
|
get file_of_interest (download file_of_interest)
|
|
|
|
telnet allows you to log in to a remote machine as if you are connected to a
|
|
directly attached terminal. This is generally available only from
|
|
Internet sites. From your terminal prompt type:
|
|
|
|
telnet machine.site.domain {port}
|
|
|
|
At the login prompt put login_name (it is not given if none is required):
|
|
|
|
login: login_name
|
|
|
|
BITftp - How to ftp through BITftp: Send the message 'HELP' to BITFTP@PUCC
|
|
(Bitnet) or to BITFTP@PUCC.Princeton.edu (Internet). It sends you
|
|
everything you'll need.
|
|
|
|
DECwrl - How to ftp through DECwrl: Send to ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com the
|
|
message:
|
|
|
|
connect (defaults to decwrl.dec.com)
|
|
get README.ftp (the help file @decwrl.dec.com)
|
|
quit
|
|
|