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Communications of The New Order
Issue #2
September/October 1993
"Think somethings funny?
...Laugh at this!"
-Suicidal Tendencies
Master of Disaster......................Panther Modern
Chairman of the Bored...................Nuklear Phusion
Dean of Conference Science..............Karb0n
Chief Financial Officer.................Cavalier
Professor of Tagline Arts...............Jewish Lightning
Janitor in Chief........................Dead Kat
Special Thanks: John Falcon, Nitro-187, Thunderbolt, Talus,
Scanner and Jupiter, Scott Simpson, Control-C, Thd, Magic Man,
and all the small Telco's in the U.S. who provide us with so
much pleasure.
<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>
__/\/InTRoDuCTioN\/\__
Welcome to Issue #2 of CoTNO!
We have decided to change the publication period of the mag' to bi-monthly
instead of quarterly. We feel as long as we have interesting topics to write
about, we might as well crank them out as fast as we can. Of course we still
stand behind the ideals with which we started this 'zine. We will only print
articals which are of general interest to the H/P community. Those articals
will be oriented at the beginner to average hacker and we will keep the total
length of the 'zine short enough so it doesn't become a chore to read. Of
course we still accept submissions from anyone who has the will to spread
around a little of thier expertise. In fact, we have made it easier than
ever to submit. We have established an Internet mailing address where you
can send your proposals or you comments concerning CoTNO. The address is:
ak687@freenet.hsc.colorado.edu
Of course if you can get on the TNO HQ BBS, Flatline, you can leave us mail
there. Occasionally you may even be able to catch one of us on IRC or on a
bridge or in a Telco dumpster and you can chat with us live. We look forward
from hearing from you.
Ahem...
You may be aware that SRI International has been doing research hacking and
phreaking and recently released a free summary of thier findings in a report
titled "The State of Security of Cyberspace". In the report they concluded
that "...much of cyberspace [is] relatively vulnerable to unauthorized access."
But they also stated that hackers generally only wish to "explore cyberspace
as a purely intellectual exercise without malicious intent or behavior." We
totally agree with SRI on this point. Hackers merely want access to the
resources and information that the government and powerful individuals take
for granted. Its a classic case of the "have's" versus the "have not's". If
information, education, and the world's electronic resources were free and
readily accessable, we wouldn't be forced to take what the rich consider
common. But this is unfortunately not the case. The rich and powerful feast
on information and technology while the masses beg for crumbs. The corporate
and government elite horde information like the feudal tyrants of the dark
ages horded bullion. And they are using thier wealth of technology to ensure
thier advantage over the masses and to make themselves wealthy at our expense.
As they rape the public they fill thier minds with propoganda that the true
threat to society is from "evil" hackers. I can almost hear the coporate elite
laughing from thier penthouses and computing centers at us as we cower behind
our little PC's in our little apartments.
In the report, SRI invites hackers to assist them in thier research through
face to face, telephone or e-mail interviews. And what will SRI do with the
information that they gain from hackers? Why sell it to the rich, monopolistic
corporations so that they can further tighten thier grip on thier information
stranglehold. I am completely opposed to hackers assisting in thier research.
Aiding SRI is completely opposite of the hacker ideal of information freedom.
If you would like to contact SRI for a copy of this report or actually want to
participate in this research you reach them through the following people:
A.J. Bate Tom Mandel
Phone: 415-859-2206 Phone: 415-859-2365
Fax: 415-859-3154 Fax: 415-859-7544
E-mail: aj_bate@qm.sri.com E-mail: mandel@unix.sri.com
aj@sri.com
In this issue we have concentrated more on the anarchistic side of H/P. Our
next issue will more oriented towards actual means and ways of hacking.
We hope you enjoy it!
Table of Contents
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. Introduction.............................................Dead Kat
2. Tracking and Collections.................................John Falcon
3. Truth in ATM Fraud.......................................Panther Modern
4. Internet Outdial Listing.................................Dead Kat
5. Money Laudering Made EZ..................................Panther Modern
6. Frequently Asked Questions Concerning Telephones.........Nitro-187
7. The Phun Kit.............................................Panther Modern
8. Variations on Queensryche................................John Falcon
<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>
/---------------------------------------------------------------------------\
| |
| Tracking and Collections |
| |
| By |
| |
| John Falcon (aka Renegade) |
| |
\---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
This file was written on a Friday Night while listening to Pink Floyd
"The Wall" while at work...Aint being a parking attendant great?
Now people who know me or call Flatline and read the messages know that
I used to live in Colorado for about 18 years (just over 18) and that I had
to leave on some less than pleasant circumstances but before that time I
was a Collector/Skiptracer for a Collection Agency off Colorado Blvd and
we Collected on Apartment Leases and such. (The adjacent office collected
on Encyclopedia's so I feel more fortunate than those poor bastards but
anyway).
You can get a great deal of information on people just by social engineering
and just basically being deceptive...(It's was great..I was being paid to
lie my ass off).
Now collection agency's in Colorado are required by Debt Collection Laws to
follow some rules...these rules are pretty much standard throughout the
country.
1) Never call a debtor before 8AM and after 8PM in their timezone.
2) Never call a friend or relative of the debtor and say that you are a
friend of theirs. (*KEY THING* that you never say the word friend
because that is a lie)
3) Never give out any information unless it's the debtor or the spouse of
of the debtor. (Laws against Third-Party Disclosure)
But other than those three key things, you can pretty much have free
reign over the whole thing.
Ok...now to the real shit...
*Part 1: Banks*
Banks and Credit Unions are the best source to get information out of.
Most places have collections departments of some kind so you call a main
number and ask for the number for their department.
Now when you call there, make sure you take note on who you talked to
and remember personal information about them...Chat with them, hell they're
human too.
A usual conversation goes like this...
THEM> First Interstate Bank, May I help you?
ME> Yes, Collections department please.
THEM> One moment while I transfer you....
ME> Thanks!
after a few clicks and such...
THEM> Collections department, Joan.
ME> HI! This is John Falcon with CCA (my old company) I need to do a
skiptrace on a debtor if you have the time?
THEM> Sure John. What is the customer's name or account number?
ME> Their name is John Q. Public and their account number is 123456789.
......
You get the picture...the best thing to do is to use a already existing
collection agency and say you work for them... Because for one they may
have already established relations and people who call and work for them
are usually treated nice because someone at the real agency already did that.
They are just provideing a service *FREE* of charge to the Credit community.
Now I have a Rolodex full of numbers I kept in there from my agency because
these are good contacts to me...
Then I kept a second box full of CBI decode's. Which brings us to part two..
*PART TWO: Credit Bureaus*
This is GOD's gift to the banks and department stores all around the world
because this is what controls your life...
When you think of TRW or CBI you are only thinking of Credit Bureaus. They
do alot more underneath. They provide Data Security for companies and
in some cases Physical security that is many times more harder than your
local rent-a-cop. These two companies are truely trying to control your life
through data manupulation..It sucks...
(Hmm..pink floyd is flowing through me...Would? Would you like to see
Britannia rule again?)
Anyway there are a million and one files on running CBI and TRW but
what they don't tell you is how we use them..
Normally we run a full credit report with decodes and everything
but there is alot more in those reports than you think...
Let's take one from one of the many CBI files and disassemble it..
* 102 CREDIT ACCOUNTS REPORTING SERVICE
1333 N 27TH BOX 20661 BILLINGS MT 59109 406/252-6375
(The above tells what local CBI source did the original report on this
person.)
*KRAMER,KELLY,J,,SHARON SINCE 10/03/90 FAD 09/18/91 FN-218
(This like tells the person's name and his/her spouse and when they first
gained credit and the last time it was updated...)
2501,8TH,RD,HUNTLEY,MT,59037,DAT RPTD 09/91
BOX 90,PO,,WORDEN,MT,59088,DAT RPTD 10/90
4707,CHRISTENSEN,,BILLINGS,MT,59101,DAT RPTD 02/91
(These lines tell the addresses for the past 5 years or so...so you can
backtrack them to a location or even find their current address which
should be the most currently reported which is on top...)
BDS-06/28/67,SSS-517-80-1543
(This of course is their birth date and Social Security number)
*SUM-10/90-08/91,PR/OI-NO,FB-NO, ACCTS:2,HC$2000-9580, 2-ONES.
INQUIRY ALERT - SUBJECT SHOWS 9 INQUIRIES SINCE 06/91
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*INQS-IAR AFFIRM 613RZ00140 09/18/91 DAT EMPL 613RZ00140 09/18/91
AFFIRMATIV 613RZ140 09/18/91 IAR INTEGR 613BB01199 09/04/91
DAT EMPL 613BB01199 09/04/91 F INT BILG 898BB387 09/03/91
INTEGRATEC 613BB1199 08/15/91 GREEN TREE 613FP15698 07/29/91
F INT BILG 898BB387 06/10/91 GRNTREE 896FM24 02/21/91
BANK ONE 674BB1065 10/03/90 &
END OF REPORT EQUIFAX AND AFFILIATES - 09/18/91
Now they usually show this at the bottom of the bureau but...
Just one look at this tells me it's an ALERT. In other words this person is
trying to get credit or a loan real bad....their Credit line is around $10k
and I got a feeling they are over extended..or they have bad credit. But
all of these places have current information. So all you need to do is
run a decode on the code numbers like 674BB1065 and such. In the spot where
it says 2-ONES means they pay their bills. It goes on a 30 day cycle like
ONE=30 days
TWO=60 days
and so on...
EIGHT means Repossesion of somekind
NINE means that you have truely shitty credit...
Now when you run a decode you get a listing like this....
* MEMBER # COMP. NAME TELEPHONE * MEMBER # COMP. NAME TELEPHONE
148BB917 BK1-DAY-VI 513-4491492 898BB49 F INT BILG 406-2555000
613RZ140 AFFIRMATIV 612-4718501 898BB387 F INT BILG 406-2555000
613FP15698 GREEN TREE 406-7287560 896FM24 GRNTREE 406-7287560
674BB1065 BANK ONE 513-4494933
These are the numbers for the people who ran the bureaus. Use the same
technique like the bank and be honest (to an extent) with them...
Now I could go on all night with this shit about CBI's and TRW's but
there are plenty of files on this subject...
Ok...next part...
*PART THREE: Dealing with Collectors*
Right now I personally am dealing with a US Sprint Collection agency about
an account I made up and charged over 5k in calls to. And they have
the nerve to tell me that I am this person. Bull shit is what I told them.
When a collector calls your house they will leave messages and try calling
all times they can to get in touch with you... Now if they call all the
time to the point where you hate picking up the phone I would file a
suit to them for Harassment but that is me..
You as a tax paying citizen have a lot of rights as far as Credit goes. And
when a person get's the run-around by the agency's you can put them in their
place...
*ONE: When they call you and get you on the phone they will make sure
you are the right person. When they do they will go into a speal (sic)
that sounds like this..."Mr Public, My name is John Falcon and I am
with Commercial Credit Agency...We have a debt in our office but first
I must tell you that this is an attempt to collect a debt and any
information given will be use to collect this debt." Sort of like
the Miranda rights.
Now if they don't say this they are breaking the law by not warning
you about this. (Remember each state is different but there are a
few standards as far as debt collection goes...)
Also the age of youth can work in your favor. I got a check book
when I was 15 and went on a shopping spree and they tried
to collect on the checks. When they called I just told them
"FUCK YOU! You can't even put it on my bureau because I am UNDER 18!"
and slammed the phone down...so they had to check with the bank and
then they found out that I was right and that the debt couldn't be
collected. Oh well banks make tons of money off interest on loans.
*TWO: When I made the Sprint account I gave them a bogus name...(Almost)
and a fake social security number and told them if they voice verify
that I am not at home and that if they want that they can call me once
at this place... Well they called and validated me and such and I got
the card but then they wanted to stick me with the bill..
They called one day when I was expecting a call and low and behold
they talked to me...First thing he did was verify who I was. (I used
the same first name as mine but the last name was totally different)
and he kept insisting that it was me and started going into the debt.
If you make a bogus account like that do one major thing...GIVE A FAKE
TOTALLY OFF SSN!
He started telling me about the bill and I stopped him cold and said..
"Wait..I used to be a collector and I don't believe you should discuss
this debt with me because I am not the person you are looking for...
It is against Debt Collections Laws that you should disclose private
information unless you are 100% sure this is the person that made the
bill."
He said, "Well, Uh, your right...let me transfer you to my supervisor.."
I said, "Ok...bring on the main man..."
He transfered me to his boss and he got on the line...
"Hmm..let me scan over the notes here....ok...What is your name?"
I told them my name and he said, "Ok...what is your first 3 digits
of your social security number?"
I told him "523" and he said "Nope..they're different..Sorry to bother
you about this. I will have to call Sprint for confirmation and we
will call you back."
I told him "Don't bother, I am tired of you calling my house and filling
up my answering machine with mindless crap. I am now giveing a VERBAL
statement to never call me again or write me. I can do this too you
know..."
He said ,"Ok sir. If that is the way you feel..."
I said, "Wouldn't you if you got a call 2 times a day from Texas? I
am not calling you because one you are out of state and two I am 3
hours ahead of you...I get up when you are going to lunch!"
I never got a call back from them and it's been 2 months...
I guess that is all for this run through. If you have any questions I can
be reached on Flatline or Internet mail at...
jfalcon@nyx.cs.du.edu *or* jfalcon@cyb.fred.com
Be cool and keep hacking and phreaking alive because it is a true art what
they did back in the '70s with the Blue Box..I am just now getting into
blue boxing because the phone systems up here allow it. It still gives
me a warm feeling when I can hear about 20 trunks get stacked on top
each other...
<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>
/////////////////////////////////////
//---------------------------------//
//| -=TRuTH iN ATM PhRaUD!!!!=- |//
//|/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|//
//|-NoT JuST BuLLSHiT, buT FACTS!-|//
//|-------------------------------|//
//| ARTiCLe bY PaNTHeR MoDeRN |//
//| BoTCHeD eDiTiNG bY DeAd KaT |//
//| aLL ReSeARcH By PaNTeR MoDERn |//
//|FaKe iD iDeA ThANkS To DeaD KaT|//
//| oTHeR iDEaS bY PaNTHeR MoDErN |//
//|_______________________________|//
/////////////////////////////////////
There have been COUNTLESS text files on the subject of ATM fraud over the
years, and I have read enough to make me sick. They contain insane plots and
plans which they claim will work, but which, in some cases, are far too
extreme to be of any value in the real world. I am writing this article to
clear up the faked information contained in articles such as these, and to
show an extremely valid, and doable way of actually gaining free money from
an ATM machine. The plan which I will present does not contain any foolish
and unlikely ploys such as breaking in to the machine, or hacking into the
machine's computer, or any of the other strange, and irritating plans in
other files. This plan is simple, and realistic.
All reasearch was done at a bank. I had a job at one, and was able to
ask questions and form conclusions about how the internal structure of a bank
works, and how to benefiet from this structure. First, I will explain to you
the basic structure of a deposit system, and how this can be used to a
dievient's advantage.
1. THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A BANK'S DEPOSIT SYSTEM
Here is the scenereo. John Doe walks in to a bank with his paycheck. He
proceeds to give it to a teller, who puts the money in his account. The
money is in the account, and could now be taken back out in cash form if he
wanted to. If this deposit was made before 3 PM, the check would be sent to
the proof department, who would then check it, and see if any errors were
made. If an error was present, such as the check being invalid, or an
incorrect deposit amount, the correct amount of money will be removed from
Mr. Doe's account by the end of that business day. If the deposit was made
after 3 PM, the proof dept. does not see the deposit until the beginning of
the next business day. This means that the money is "in" the account, and
could be withdrawn, until the time in which the proof dept. gets it.
If the deposit is made with an ATM machine (as suggested by MANY text files
I read), the money will not be "in" the account until proof sees it.
This is to combat someone going in to the ATM, putting in an empty envelope,
then immediately withdrawing the money back, getting "free cash."
Please refer to my flow charts...
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPOSIT MADE BEFORE 3 PM
CHECK--->TELLER--->PROOF------- The check is given to the teller, who
| | puts it in the account, and also gives
|----->ACCOUNT<---| it to proof. Everything is done during
the same business day.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPOSIT MADE AFTER 3 PM
CHECK--->TELLER--->[24 Hour delay]--->PROOF-- Same as above..BUT...Proof
| | does not get to see the
|----->ACCOUNT<-----------------| deposit for 1 day's time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPOSIT MADE TO AN ATM MACHINE
CHECK--->ATM--->[24 Hour delay]--->PROOF--->ACCOUNT
The money must go through the proof department before it ever sees the
account, making it impossible to immediately withdraw the money after
deposit.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
I have cleared up several myths already. In many text files, they say to
deposit an empty envelope to the ATM machine. This will prove to be VERY
worthless, and just a waste of time. Proof will find the empty envelope,
and just trash it, assuming that the customer forgot to put the check in, or
that some stupid little kid is trying to get free money. <Heh Heh> Either
way, you will have just wasted some valuable time, and gotten absolutely
NOTHING out of it. Comprende?
2. PREPAIRING FOR FREE CASH
Banks are very secure institutions, and have alot of protection schemes to
keep them from being robbed or stolen from. Thus they require 2 forms of
identification for the opening of an account. This should not be too hard
to do. Simply...
(1) Go to a library, look up names, with mother's maiden name, and, if
possible, hospital where born. Get as much knowledge as possible about
the person. Another good thing would be to just social engineer them.
Take around 2 weeks to do the engineering, though, so they will not
remember your previous calls, and start to catch on. Simply pose as a
fone company, or dept. of records personell, and ask some questions..
Call back in a few days, pose as someone else, ask more questions...
(2) Next, call up the hospital where they were born, and/or the city and
county dept. of records and obtain a duplicate birth certificate for
the person. This shouldn't be too hard. This clears up yet another
myth found in a text file I read, on getting a fake ID. The file said
to look at DEATH records from birth, and use those instead of a
currently living person. Small problem..That little stamp in the
bottom corner of the certificate saying "DECEASED"
(3) Obtain a social security card, using the dept. of records. Same
process as above.
(4) Go get an ID at the DMV. Easy to do this.
Now, you actually ARE the person you have all the info on. You have a
picture ID with their name, their "signiture," etc. You have the social
security number, you have everything. You can easily pass as them, and do
things in their name. That's how this whole plan works. One other thing to
do before you are ready to get some free money is to secure a drop site.
The ATM card will be delivered by mail, and you don't want to have them
deliver it to your house...
Also, you will want to find out which bank you are going to scam. Call
around, find which banks have the maximum daily withdrawl on an ATM card.
Use the bank with the biggest, so you can get the most money out of them.
Also, once you have pulled the entire plan off, please don't enter the bank
for around 8-10 months...
3. THE PLAN
First, you must obtain a check to use for your "deposit." You can go mail
box hunting, and find a check book, or, if you are lucky, and can somehow
get in to a purse or personal posessions of someone, you can take a single
check from their checkbook. Another possibility is to get a second set
of fake ideas using the same method and open an account at a different bank
long enough to get a box of virgin checks. These checks can also be used for
a little check fraud at retailers who are not using a check security scheme
like Check-Rite.
Next thing you'll want to do is go to the bank, open an account. Give
'em 50 bucks in cash to start the account with, show yer ID, and yer birth
certificate, and you have an account. Go to the ATM dept, start up an ATM
card. Whenever anyone at the bank asks for your address, give them the drop
site. For fone number..be creative. Chances are, they won't call you back,
they will just keep the number on record.
Let the account sit for a couple of days, then go back. In hand, will be
the check you stole. Sign it, and make the amount around $200 over the max.
withdrawl amount for the bank. Go in to the bank as close to closing time as
possible. Although 3 PM is the limit, better safe then sorry. Give the
check to a teller, and the money will be in the account. You are now ready
to get free cash.
Go back around 2 AM in the morning, to the bank's ATM machine. Wear a
facemask, or a big jacket which just ..Happens...to conceal your face, so you
will not be seen by the security camera. Next, take your ATM card, and start
withdrawing. Get as much money as the max amount is, then you're outta
there. You have approx. $1000-$2000 in cash, depending on the bank. Have
fun. Refer to my money laundering article if you do this several times and
have several thousand dollars to deposit to an account.
<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
\/\ /\/
\/\ -=INTERNET OUTDIAL LISTING 2.00=- /\/
\/\ -=Written By DeadKat=- /\/
\/\ -=(TNO)=- /\/
\/\ /\/
\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/
\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/
INTRODUCTION
/\/\/\/\/\/\
I have seen a few internet outdial lists going around based on the original
2600 artical. Unfortunately, most of them don't work. Well I decided it
was time to gather my resources and make a list of actually working outdials.
All of these have been tested thanks to one of my bogus internet accounts.
Most of these came from the Karb0n/DeadKat Infoline so I want to thank
everyone who participated in that adventure. Keep your eyes and ears open
for the number of the NEW Infoline, coming to a WATTS line near you soon.
OUTDIAL LIST
/\/\/\/\/\/\
The information here is pretty self explanatory. Telnet to the address and
and follow the instructions. If you don't understand basic Hayes commands,
famialiarize yourself with them before attempting to use an outdial.
NPA IP Address Instructions
/\/\ /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
303 annex-isn.cs.colorado.edu type "isn", "ctrl-shft - -"
choose resource "d24"
type "atdt 8,XXX-XXXX"
129.82.103.69 type "modem" (local to Ft. Collins)
307 129.72.1.59 type "atdt 9,XXX-XXXX"
412 gate.pitt.edu type "lat", "connect dialout"
type "atdt 91 XXX-XXXX"
415 128.32.132.250 ??
416 pacx.utcs.utoronto.ca type "modem" (connect at 7E1)
602 129.219.17.3 type "atdt 8,XXX-XXXX"
613 134.117.1.26 type "atdt +?"
614 ns2400.ircc.ohio-state.edu type "dial"
617 dialout.lcs.mit.edu ??
619 dialout.ucsd.edu type "atdt +?"
713 128.249.27.153 type "atdt 9,XXX-XXXX"
804/613? 128.143.70.101 type "atdt 9,XXX-XXXX"
916 128.120.2.251 type "dialout"
??? dialout2400.smith.edu type "a", "n"
CONCLUSION
/\/\/\/\/\
Well thats my current working list. If you know of some others, please mail
us and we'll include them in our next outdial list (with your name mentioned
of course). Happy Hackin'!
_____________________________________________________________________________
(C)opywrong 1993, DeadKat Inc.
All wrongs denied
<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>
-=Money Laundering made EZ!=-
-=By Panther Modern TNO/TBF=-
__________________________________________________
| THE UNITED STATES OF TNO |
|$1000 /---------\ $1000 |
| . | \@/ \@/ | IN P*M WE |
| === **TNO** | .|. | TRUST |
| *TBF* | \_____/ | |
|$1000 \_________/ $1000 |
| ONE THOUSAND SYS75's |
|________________________________________________|
...0/<4y, s0 1 w4s 4 L1++13 b0r3d. Wh4+ th3 h311 /<4/\/ 1 s4y.
Anyway..This is my phile on money laundering. Cause basically, if you
take advantage of skams like Credit, or my ATM Skam (later this issue),
you will have LOtZ of cash on yer hands. And any good criminal knows you
never keep large amounts of stolen cash. Neither do you go into a bank
and attempt to deposit it. All of the information within this file is
guarenteed to work. I work at a bank, and I learned about this very well..
Please note: This file is not intended for people such as drug dealers, or
other hi-priority cash men..It is not intended for people with millions to
launder, but for people with up to say, $20,000. The method is very easy,
and if done correctly, the money will be untraceable.
First thing you do is get the cash. I'm sure if you can't do that much,
you probably wouldn't read into this article, since it wouldn't interest you
much. Okay, that's kinda a given...
Now, you have several hundereds, and fiftys, and twentys, and lots of
CASH. Save some for yerself..heh..But you'll want to put the bulk in an
account. I would reccomend opening a checking account. Use your real ID
name, and info, everything will be untracable by the time it gets there.
Checking accounts are very nice. Ask if you can open one with an interest
rate. That way, you can earn a little interest on the side. I also like
checking accounts because it makes buying things EaZi!
But before you open the account, you will need some money to put in it!
Sk0pe out every bank near you, OTHER then the one you are going to put the
money in. If you have $2,000 to put in, you will need approx. 1 bank. The
reason I say approx, is that most banks will write a cashiers check for
someone who dosn't have an account for up to $2,000. Anyway, so get 1 bank
for every $2,000 you have to deposit. Now, go to a bank. Go to a teller,
and ask her what the maximum cashier's check is for someone who does not
have an account at the bank. Get a cashier's check for that amount. Now,
go to your bank, and open the account with that money..
The rest is easy. Go to all the banks, getting cashier's checks and bring
them to your bank to deposit. Try to limit it to two checks/day or so.
If a bank gets suspisious of you, they have the right to file with the IRS
for an investigation. So limit how much you do this.
If you are careful, and pull this off well, the money will be totally
untraceable, and no one will ever be able to prove that you obtained it
illigally. Have PhUn, and happy money laundering!
<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
\ FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS /
/ CONCERNING TELEPHONES \
\ compiled by /
/ Nitro187/CancerR \
\ /
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Here's A Very good FAQ list of phones done by _Telecom Digest_ earlier
this year. Most of you no doubt, are just interested in phreaking but
I think the whole telephone system is pretty interesting and this FAQ
may answer some of your questions. Also, if you are interested in
phreaking it will help you very much if you know how the phone system
works.
Without further adeu...
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
List of subjects questions covered as they appear in this list:
Technical
- How do phones work?
- What is a Central Office? What is a switch? What roles do Central
Offices and switches play in the telephone network?
- How many different types of switches are there, how do they differ,
and what switches are most commonly found in use?
- When did the first ESS (electronic) switch go into service?
- What frequencies do touch tones use for which numbers?
- What are the A, B, C and D touch tone keys used for? Why are they
not found on touch tone phone sets?
- What is call supervision?
- How can I find out what my own phone number is?
- Are there other kinds of test numbers used?
- Can a US modem or phone work in the UK, or some other European
country? (Or vice versa, or in general for international substitution
of phone equipment)
- What do "tip" and "ring" mean?
- Why use a negative charge (-48 volts) for Ring instead of a positive
charge (such as +48 volts)?
- What is "Caller ID" (or Call Display, or CNID (Caller Number
Identification))?
- How can I get specifications on how Caller ID service works?
- What is the best way to busy a phone line? I have a bank of modems
which are set up as a hunt group. When a modem dies I would like to
be able to busy out the line that is disconnected, so that one of the
other modems in the hunt group will take the call.
- What is the difference between Caller ID/CNID and ANI?
Numbering
- What is a numbering plan?
- How was the country code system developed?
- What is the correct way to write a telephone number for
international use?
- What are the prefix digits used in international dialing?
- What does NPA, NNX, or NXX mean?
- What happens when all the telephone numbers run out?
- How is extra numbering capacity achieved in North America?
- In North America, why does the long distance dialing within an area
code often change so that 1 + home area code + number has to be
dialed, or changed to just seven digits (like a local call)?
- Is North America really running out of area codes?
- How will we make room if North American area codes are running out?
- What about expanding area/STD codes in other countries?
- What is Bellcore?
- How can I contact Bellcore?
- How can I get exchange/billing data? What is a V&H tape?
Regulatory & Tariffs
- What's this about the FCC starting a modem tax for those using
modems on phone lines?
- Why is a touch tone line more expensive than a rotary dial line
(in many places)?
- How come I got charged at a hotel for a call where no one answered?
Why is the timing on some of the long distance carriers inaccurate?
Competition
- Which countries have competitive long distance service?
- What is a COCOT?
- What is an AOS?
- What is "splashing"?
- Where can I find a list of equal access (10XXX) codes?
- How can I tell who my default carrier is (or that of a 10XXX+ carrier)?
Features
- What is the calling card "boing" and what is it made of?
- How can I prevent the call waiting tone from beeping in mid-conversation?
Miscellaneous
- Is there a way to find someone given just a phone number?
- Where can a Cellular/Mobile Radio mailing list be contacted?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
---------
Technical
---------
Q: How do phones work?
A: A file in the TELECOM Digest archives under the name "how.phones.work"
is available and should explain some details of the workings of
the common telephone.
Q: What is a Central Office? What is a switch? What roles do Central
Offices and switches play in the telephone network?
A: A Central Office (CO) is the facility to which the telephones in
a public telephone network are connected. It is the front line in
terms of the whole telephone system; dial tone, telephone ringing,
connection to other telephones, or outside trunks, is done here.
A "switch" is a general term referring to facilities where
telephone traffic is routed from one destination to another.
The Central Office has a switch in a local sense; calls within
a municipality can often be completed within a single switch.
Beyond this, there are switches for long distance or regional
traffic, many of which are not directly connected to user
telephones.
A hierarchy of switching centres was developed in North America.
Level 5 switches are the most common and are generally the
local Central Office switches. Level 4 switches are used in
regional or larger local settings and occasionally are connected
to customer telephones. Level 3, 2 and 1 switches serve larger
regions in turn. In general, a call that cannot be handled at
one level of switching (by reason of distance covered, or congestion
at a given switch) is passed onto the next higher level until the
connection is completed. The breakup of AT&T in the USA and the
introduction of new services will no doubt have disrupted this
hierarchy, but this illustrates how a call can progress from one
place to another.
A large city usually has many central offices, each serving a
certain geographical area. These central offices are connected
to other central offices for local calling, or to higher level
switches, or into long distance networks.
Q: How many different types of switches are there, how do they differ,
and what switches are most commonly found in use?
A: The original telephone switches were manual, operator-run switchboards.
Today, these are generally found in developing countries or in certain
remote locations as newer types of switches allow for connection to
automatic telephone service.
Step-by-step was the first widely-used automatic switching method. This
was an electro-mechanical system which made use of rotating blades and
mechanical selection of various levels. Dial pulses would be used to cause
the switches to select switch groups until the whole number was dialed.
Some step-by-step facilities still exist today, but will eventually be
replaced by more modern forms of switching (typically a digital facility).
Step-by-step, with its mechanical nature, can be difficult to troubleshoot
and maintain, and does not inherently support touch tones or special
calling features without special addition of equipment.
Crossbar was the next step in electro-mechanical switching. Rather than the
rotary/level switches used in step-by-step, connections were completed by
means of a matrix of connectors. The configuration of crossbar matrix
elements was under "common control" which could route the call along a
variety crossbar elements. Step-by-step's "progressive control" could not
be rerouted to avoid points of congestion in the switches but was rather
at the mercy of which numbers would be dialed by the telephone users.
Electronic switches were developed in the 1960's. These were often reed
relay switches with an electronic common control faster than previous
crossbar systems. The fewer moving parts there were, the better. Services
such as call waiting or call forwarding would eventually be possible
under electronic systems.
Finally, the new digital electronic systems provide for a fully-
programmable telephone operation. These are all-electronic systems
which would process calls without moving parts (i.e. solid-state
switching) and full computerisation of control. Voice traffic would
now be converted to digital format for use with digital transmission
facilities. A wide variety of user services can be implemented such
as sophisticated types of call forwarding or Caller ID or ISDN
(Integrated Services Digital Network). Ultimately, all telephone
subscribers will be served by such switches as these.
Presently, various kinds of switching systems are in use, and
the proportions of what technologies are in use in given regions
will vary. The most common will eventually be the digital
electronic systems. There are significant costs associated with
upgrading the network to eventually use digital, fully-programmable
switching, but the eventual goal is to modernise Central Offices
and long distance networks to such switches. In the meantime, the
various switching technologies in use must provide compatibility
with each other.
Q: When did the first ESS (electronic) switch go into service?
A: In the U.S., the first 1ESS switch went into service May 1965 in
Succasunna, New Jersey. This was a software-controlled switch using
magnetic reed relays.
In Canada, the first ESS was set up in Montreal, circa 1967.
Despite the capabilities of such ESS switches, some phone companies
are replacing these older generation electronic switches (e.g. ESS or
SP-1) in favour of digital switches (e.g. DMS).
Any information regarding international firsts in electronic or
digital switching would be welcome as a future enhancement to the FAQ.
Q: What frequencies do touch tones use for which numbers?
A: The touch tone system uses pairs of tones to represent the
various keys. There is a "low tone" and a "high tone" associated
with each button (0 through 9, plus * (star) and # (octothorpe
or pound symbol). The low tones vary according to what
horizontal row the tone button is in, while the high tones
correspond to the vertical column of the tone button.
The tones and assignments are as follows:
1 2 3 A : 697 Hz
4 5 6 B : 770 Hz
(low tones)
7 8 9 C : 852 Hz
* 0 # D : 941 Hz
---- ---- ---- ----
1209 1336 1477 1633 Hz
(high tones)
When the 4 button is pressed, the 770 Hz and 1209 Hz tones
are sent together. The telephone central office will then
decode the number from this pair of tones.
The tone frequencies were designed to avoid harmonics and
other problems that could arise when two tones are sent
and received. Accurate transmission from the phone and
accurate decoding on the telephone company end are important.
They may sound rather musical when dialed (and representations
of many popular tunes are possible), but they are not intended to
be so.
The tones should all be +/- 1.5% of nominal. The high frequency tone
should be at least as loud, and preferably louder than the low
frequency. It may be as much as 4 db louder. This factor is referred
to as "twist." If a Touchtone signal has +3db of twist, then the high
frequency is 3 db louder than the low frequency. Negative twist is
when the low frequency is louder.
Q: What are the A, B, C and D touch tone keys used for?
Why are they not found on touch tone phone sets?
A: These are extensions to the standard touch-tones (0-9, *, #)
which originated with the U.S. military's Autovon phone network.
The original names of these keys were FO (Flash Override),
F (Flash), I (Immediate), and P (Priority) which represented
priority levels that could establish a phone connection
with varying degrees of immediacy, killing other conversations
on the network if necessary with FO being the greatest priority,
down to P being of lesser priority. The tones are more commonly
referred to as the A, B, C and D tones respectively, and all
use a 1633 Hz as their high tone.
Nowadays, these keys/tones are mainly used in special applications
such as amateur radio repeaters for their signalling/control.
Modems and touch tone circuits tend to include the A, B, C and
D tones as well. These tones have not been used for general
public service, and it would take years before these tones could
be used in such things as customer information lines; such
services would have to be compatible with the existing 12-button
touch tone sets in any case.
Q: What is call supervision?
A: Call supervision refers to the process by which it is determined
that the called party has indeed answered. Long distance calls
and payphone calls are normally charged from the time the called
party answers, and no charges should be assessed where the other
end doesn't answer nor where the called party is busy or blocked
by network problems.
Q: How can I find out what my own phone number is?
A: If the operator won't read your number back to you, and if you can't
phone someone with a Calling # ID box, there are special numbers
available that "speaks" your number back to you when dialed. These
numbers are quite different from one jurisdiction to the next. Some
areas use 200 222.2222; others just require 958; still others 311 or
711 and others have a normally-formatted telephone number which can
be changed on occasion (such as 997.xxxx).
Such numbers exist in many countries; no set rule is used in
determining such numbers other than that these are often assigned
to codes outside normal customer number sequences and would not
be in conflict with regular telephone numbers.
Q: Are there other kinds of test numbers used?
A: Yes. Again, space (and available information) does not permit
a complete list of what each telephone company is up to in
terms of test numbers. The most common number is a "ringback"
test number. When a two or three digit number is followed
by all or the last part of your phone number, another dial
tone occurs. Tests for dialing or ringing may then be done.
Other numbers include intercom circuits for telephone company
staff, or switching centre supervisors, or other interesting
tests for call supervision or payphone coin tests. Again,
this depends on the phone company, and such services are
not usually found in the phone book, needless to say.
Q: Can a US modem or phone work in the UK, or some other European
country? (Or vice versa, or in general for international substitution
of phone equipment)
A: Often it can, provided that the AC Voltage and the physical jack
are compatible or converted, and it can generate pulse dialing,
as many exchanges are not equipped for touch tone.
However, in most European countries it is illegal to fit non-approved
equipment. In the UK, equipment approval is the responsibility of BABT,
and the penalty is confiscation of the equipment plus a fine of up
to 2000 pounds sterling. Approved equipment has a mark, usually a
sticker, of a green circle with the words "APPROVED for connection
to the telecommunication system specified in the instructions subject
to the condition set out in them" and the number of the BABT
certificate. Non-approved items, if they are sold in the UK, must
have a sticker with a red triangle with similar wording except that
it's saying the exact opposite. It's perfectly legal to sell
non-approved equipment subject to the above, as there may be a
valid reason for using it, just not on the UK network.
In Canada, telephone equipment requires approval from the Canadian
Department of Communications. Most equipment designed for North
American conditions should be acceptable, but a small sticker
from Communications Canada is normally placed on the equipment
to indicate approval.
Q: What do "tip" and "ring" mean?
A: The conductors of a wire pair to a telephone set are referred to as
tip (T) and ring (R). Tip (T) is usually positive charge with respect
to the Ring (R). Ring is typically at -48 volts (subject to voltage
losses). Tip (T) is then at ground when no current is flowing.
The actual voltages may differ in PBX/Key system situations (where 24
volt systems can be found) or higher voltages can be used for situations
where there are long distances among the subscribers and the switching
offices.
Two wires normally suffice to complete a connection between a telephone
and the central office; any extra wiring would be for purposes such as
as grounding, party line ringing or party line billing identification,
or even for dial light power on phones such as the Princess.
The Tip and Ring terms come from the parts of the plugs that were
used for manual switchboards.
Q: Why use a negative charge (-48 volts) for Ring instead of a positive
charge (such as +48 volts)?
A: The reason for doing this is galvanic corrosion protection. A conductor
with a negative charge will repel chlorine ions, as Cl (chlorine) ions
are negative also. If the line were to have a positive charge, Cl ions
would be attracted.
This form of corrosion protection is called cathodic protection. It
is often used for pipelines, bridges, etc. Such protection was very
important in the days of open wire transmission lines.
Q: What is "Caller ID" (or Call Display, or CNID (Caller Number
Identification))?
A: This is a telephone company service that transmits the number of the
party to your telephone during the ringing. A data receiver detects
this signal and displays or otherwise accepts the number transmitted.
Whether or not a number is transmitted depends on political limitations
(some jurisdictions do not allow for Caller ID, or at least a fully
operational version of it) and technical limitations (i.e. calls placed
from older technology switches may not be identifiable; long distance
services may not be set up to provide end-to-end ID yet).
Q: How can I get specifications on how Caller ID service works?
A: The official documentation on how the Caller ID or calling line ID
works is available for purchase from Bellcore. A description of
what those documents are and how to get them is available in the
TELECOM Digest Archives file caller-id-specs.bellcore, or see the
question "How can I contact Bellcore?" elsewhere in the FAQ. Local
telephone companies may be able to provide technical information for
the purpose of providing equipment vendors with specifications. Check
the Archives for any other relevant files that may appear such as
descriptions of the standards and issues surrounding services such as
Caller ID.
In Canada, for information about the service (known there as Call
Display) contact: Stentor Resource Centre Inc, Director - Switched
Network Services, 160 Elgin Street, Room 790, Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 2C4.
(This address is changed from the one listed in FAQ #3 of 1992; note
that the title may be subject to change as well). Tel: +1 613 781-3655.
The document is "Call Management Service (CMS) Terminal-to-Network
Interface", Interface Disclosure ID - 0001, November 1989. The document
at last report was free, at least within Canada. This document deals with
Bell Canada's Call Display standards, and may not be applicable outside
their service area (provinces of Ontario and Quebec, parts of the
Northwest Territories).
In general, the North American Caller ID information is passed to the
telephone set in ASCII using a 1200 baud modem signal (FSK) sent between
the first and second rings.
In other nations where a Caller ID service exists, or is being
established, contact the appropriate telephone company for information.
Q: What is the best way to busy a phone line? I have a bank of modems
which are set up as a hunt group. When a modem dies I would like to
be able to busy out the line that is disconnected, so that one of the
other modems in the hunt group will take the call.
A: "Our modem lines all enter on RJ21 "punchblocks" so I've got some
rather nice clips that can be pushed over the terminals on the blocks
and make contact with the pair that I want to busy out. Between the
two terminals on the clip I have a red LED and a 270 ohm 1/2w resistor
in series. As long as I get the clip on the right way, it busies out
the line and lights up so I can see that I've got one of the lines
busied out."
"Since most of our modems have error correction, I've even gotten away
with putting one of these on a line that's in use -- when the user
disconnects, the line remains busy and I can then pull the modem at my
leisure. The modem's error correction fixes the blast of noise from
the clip as I slip it in."
- Brian
[Further notes [from Dan Boehlke]: A setup like this is not necessary.
For most systems simply shorting tip and ring together will busy out
the phone line. Some older systems, and lines that do not have much
wire between the switch and the point at which it terminates will need
a 270 ohm 1/2 watt resistor. The resistor is necessary because on a
short line will not have enough resistance to make up for the lack
of a load. Most modern systems have a current limiter that will prevent
problems. Older system may not have a current limiter and may supply
more current than modern systems do. In the followup discussion, we
learned that we should not do this to incoming WATS lines and other
lines that will cause the phone company's diagnostics centers to get
excited. A particular example was an incoming 800 number that was not
needed for a few days. The new 800 number was subscribed to one of
those plans that let you move it to another location in the event of
a problem. Well, the AT&T diagnostic center saw the
busy'ed out line as a problem and promptly called the owner. -dan]
Q: What is the difference between Caller ID/CNID and ANI?
A: Caller ID or CNID or Call Display refers to a service offered to
telephone customers that allows for display or identification of
telephone numbers from which incoming calls are made.
ANI, or Automatic Number Identification, refers to operations within
the telephone network that allow for the registering of a long distance
caller's number for billing purposes and not a public offering
as such.
Special services such as incoming number identification for
toll-free or premium program lines (800 or 900 service in
North America) make use of ANI information and pass this
along to the called party.
---------
Numbering
---------
Q: What is a numbering plan?
A: This is a plan which establishes the format of codes and subscriber
numbers for a telephone system or other communications system such
as Telex. On a local level, subscriber numbers can have a certain
number of digits (in some cases, the number of digits varies according
to the exchange centre or digit sequence used). The local plan would
allow for codes used to reach operators, directory assistance, repair,
test numbers, etc. On a regional or even national level, there need to
be area codes or number prefixes established in order to route calls
to the appropriate cities and central offices.
The typical pattern is to use local numbers within a region, and use
an STD (subscriber trunk dialing) or area code to call a number in
another region. The most common method is to use numbers beginning with
0 as a long distance or inter-regional access digit, followed by other
digits to route to the proper city (e.g. within the UK, dial 071 or 081
for London, or 021 for Birmingham). Digits other than 0 (generally 2
through 9) would then represent the initial digit of local numbers.
In France, there are really two areas; Paris and everything else.
All local numbers in France have eight digits. Paris uses an area
code of 1, the rest of the country has no area code as such (just
the local number, which does not begin with a 1). Long distance
access is 16 plus the number for regions outside Paris, or
for Paris, access is 16 + 1 + Paris number.
Some countries do not use an area code; instead, the local number is
unique within the country. This often occurs in small nations but such
plans are also active in Denmark and Singapore. Hong Kong got rid of its
area codes in recent years and converted to seven-digit local numbers.
North America is unusual in the world in that the long distance access
code 1 is commonly used before dialing an area codes plus local number
(or in most areas, at least until the expansion to new format of area
codes is in effect, 1 plus number for numbers within an area code). Most
countries include the prefix in their STD codes listing (021 Birmingham,
UK; 90 Helsinki, Finland) so that an initial prefix code is avoided.
North American area codes have three digits, while local numbers have
seven.
Q: How was the country code system developed?
A: In the early 1960s, a global numbering plan was devised so that the
various national telephone systems can be linked; this used country
codes of one to three digits in length, assigned according to geographic
regions on the Earth. In fact, the system was developed from a numbering
plan devised in Europe. International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
documents from that time showed a numbering plan of two-digit country
codes covering Europe and the Mediterranean Basin countries and even
described at that time the overseas access codes to be used in
various countries (France 19, UK 010 - most of these codes are
still in use today). Many country codes from that original numbering
plan were used in the worldwide plan such as France 33, UK 44 although
many codes had to be renumbered for the new worldwide plan.
The world numbering zones (with initial country code digits) are:
1 North America
2 Africa
3 and 4 Europe
5 South/Latin America (includes Mexico)
6 South Pacific countries, Oceana (e.g. Australia)
7 Commonwealth of Independent States (former USSR)
8 East Asia (e.g. Japan, China), plus Marisat/Inmarsat
9 West & South Asia, Middle East (e.g. India, Saudi Arabia)
There are a few anomalies to the zoning; St Pierre & Miquelon, a French
territory near the Canadian province of Newfoundland, was issued a
country code in zone 5 (country code 508), since North America already
has the country code 1, and there were no codes available in zones 3 or
4 (at the time of original assignment). There was room in world zone 5
for the code. Similarly, Greenland (country code 299) could not be fitted
into the European zones, thus 299 was a code that was available from a
nearby zone.
The TELECOM Digest Archives has country code listings, including a
detailed set which indicates area/STD codes used within country
codes as they would be dialed in international dialing (excluding
domestic inter-regional prefix digits).
Q: What is the correct way to write a telephone number for
international use?
A: The method recommended by the CCITT (an international telecommunications
standards committee) is to use the plus sign then the country code, then
the STD code (without any common STD/area code prefix digits) and the
local number. The following numbers (given for the sake of example only)
describe some of the formats used:
City Domestic Number International Format
--------------- ----------------- --------------------
Toronto, Canada (416) 870-2372 + 1 416 870 2372
Paris, France (1) 33.33.33.33 + 33 1 33 33 33 33
Lyon, France 77.77.77.77 + 33 77 77 77 77
Birmingham, UK (021) 123 4567 + 44 21 123 4567
Colon, Panama 41-2345 + 507 41 2345
Tokyo, Japan (03) 4567 8901 + 81 3 4567 8901
In most cases, the initial 0 of an STD code will not form part of the
international format number. Some countries use a common prefix of 9
(such as Finland or Colombia). Some countries' STD codes can be used
as they are where prefix digits are not part of the area code (as is
the case in North America, Mexico, and a few other countries).
As indicated in the above example, country code 1 is used for the
U.S., Canada and Caribbean nations under the North American Numbering
Plan. This fact is not as well-publicised by American and Canadian
telephone companies as it is in other countries.
The important consideration is that the digits following the +
represent the number as it would be dialed on an international call
(that is, the telephone company's overseas dialing code followed
by the digits after the + sign in the international format).
Q: What are the prefix digits used in international dialing?
A: This depends on the country from which an international call is placed.
The recommended international prefix is 00 (followed by the international
format number), which most countries have adopted or are planning to
adopt. Some of the exceptions are:
Australia 0011 North America 011
Colombia 90 Russia 810
Denmark 009 Spain 07
Finland 990 Nigeria 009
France 19 W Papua New Guinea 05
Ireland 00 (was 16) Sweden 009
Mexico + 98 Turkey 9 W 9
Netherlands 09 United Kingdom 010
Norway 095
W = wait for another dial tone before proceeding with rest of number
+ = Mexico uses 95 to access North America (country code 1) specifically;
98 is used for calling other nations
(The international access codes in some countries such as Netherlands
and the UK are eventually expected to change to 00)
Q: What does NPA, NNX, or NXX mean?
A: NPA means Numbering Plan Area, a formal term meaning a
North American area code (like New York 212, Chicago 312,
Toronto 416 etc.).
NNX refers to the format of the telephone number's prefix or central
office code (the first three digits of a seven-digit local North
American number). The N represents a digit from 2 to 9; an X represents
any digit 0 to 9. Thus, NNX prefixes can number from 220 to 999, as
long as they do not have a 0 or 1 as the middle digit.
NXX means any prefix/central office code from 200 to 999 could be
represented, allowing for any value in the middle digit. Obvious special
exceptions include 411 (directory assistance) and 911 (emergency).
Q: What happens when all the telephone numbers run out?
A: With demand for phone numbers increasing worldwide, the capacity
given by a certain number of digits in a numbering plan will
tend to be exhausted.
In whatever country, capacity expansion can be done by such measures as
adding an extra digit to the local number (as was done in Tokyo, Japan
or in Paris, France). Extra area/STD codes can be assigned, such as
splitting a region's codes (London UK was originally STD code 01, now
split to 071 and 081; Los Angeles in the U.S. was originally area code
213, then split to add an 818 area, and recently another split of 213
created the new 310 area).
Q: How is extra numbering capacity achieved in North America?
A: Within an area code, there are a maximum number of prefixes
(i.e. first three digits of a phone number) that can be assigned.
In the original telephone "numbering plan", up to 640 prefixes
could be assigned per area code (of the NNX format, 8 * 8 * 10).
Yet, prefixes get used up due to growth and demand for new numbers
(accelerated by popularity of separate fax or modem lines, or by
new services such as the distinctive ringing numbers that ring a
single line differently depending on which phone number was dialed).
When the prefixes of NNX format run out, there are two options
in order to allow for more prefixes, and in turn more numbers:
1) "splitting" the area code so that a new area code can
accommodate new prefixes, or
2) allowing extra prefixes to be assigned by changing from
NNX format to NXX format.
The preferred option is to go with 2) first, in order to avoid having
a new area code assignment. Yet, this gives the area code a maximum of
160 new prefixes, or 8 * 10 * 10 = 800. When the NXX format prefixes
are used up, then 1) is not optional. New York and Los Angeles are two
regions that have gone from NNX to NXX format prefixes first, then
their area codes were split.
Interestingly enough, some area codes have split even though there was
no change from NNX format prefixes to NXX at the time. Such splits have
occurred in Florida (305/407) and Colorado (303/719). The precise reasons
why a change to NXX-style prefixes was not done in those cases is not
widely known, but switching requirements in those areas, plus telephone
company expenses in changing from NNX to NXX format (and the likelihood
of an eventual area code split) are likely factors in these decisions.
Note that it is prefixes, and not necessarily the number of telephones,
that determines how crowded an area code is. Small exchanges could use
a whole prefix for only a few phones, while an urban exchange may use
most of the 10 000 possible numbers per prefix. Companies, paging, test
numbers and special services can be assigned their own prefixes as
well, such as the 555 directory assistance prefix (555.1212).
Q: In North America, why does the long distance dialing within an
area code often change so that 1 + home area code + number has
to be dialed, or changed to just seven digits (like a local call)?
A: When prefixes change to NXX, that means that the prefix numbers can be
identical to area codes. The phone equipment is no longer able to make
a distinction between what is an area code and what is a prefix within
the home area code, based on the first three digits. For instance, it is
hard for central offices to tell the difference between 1+210 555.2368
and 1+210.5552
Thus, 1 + area code + number for all long distance calls is used in
many North American area codes. Or ... just dialing seven digits within
the area code for all calls, local or long distance (thus risking
complaints from customers who thought they were making a local call when
in fact the call was long distance).
It is up to each phone company to decide how to handle prefix
and dialing changes. The rules change from place to place.
Q: Is North America really running out of area codes?
A: Indeed, apart from special "non-geographic" area codes such as 200, 300,
400 or 500, there are no longer any area codes that can be assigned from
the traditional format. At present, all area codes have a 0 or 1 as the
middle digit (212, 907, 416, 708, etc.). It even appears that the 610 code
was freed from its usage in Canadian TWX/ISDN service (which moved to 600),
so that the split of area 215 in Philadelphia can use 610. There remains
the assignment of code 710 which is reserved for mysterious U.S.
government services.
Area codes ending in -00 are intended for special services like 800 or
900 numbers. Also, -11 area codes could be confused with services like
411 (directory assistance) or 911 (emergency); indeed, a few places
require 1+411 for directory assistance.
Q: How will we make room if North American area codes are running out?
A: Bellcore, which oversees the assignment of area codes and the North
American Numbering Plan in general, has made a recommendation that
"interchangeable" area codes be allowed as of January 1995 (advanced
from the previous deadline of July 1995 due to unprecedented exhaustion
of available area codes). That means that there no longer need to be
a 0 or 1 as the middle digit of an area code, and in fact the area code
will become NXX format. While some suggest that eight-digit local numbers
or four-digit area codes be established, the interchangeable area code plan
has been on the books for many years.
One aspect of the plan is that, initially, the new area codes may end in
0 (such as 220, 650, etc.). This would make it easier on a few area codes
so that they could conceivably retain the ability to dial 1+number (without
dialing the home area code) for long distance calls within the area code,
provided that they have not assigned prefixes ending in zero that would
conflict with new area codes. That option is not possible for many area
codes that have already assigned some prefixes of "NN0" format, however.
Eventually, the distinction between area code and prefix formats would
be completely lost.
The last remaining traditional area code, 910, was recently assigned to
allow for a split of North Carolina's 919 area code. Still, Bellcore
expects that NPA capacity is sufficient until the January 1995 cutover
to interchangeable NPAs. The interchangeable area code plan will be felt
throughout the U.S. and Canada. As a last resort, the N00 codes (like
200) may need to be used.
Q: What about expanding area/STD codes in other countries?
A: Many countries tend to use variable numbers of digits in the local
numbers and STD/area code numbers, thus there is often flexibility
in assigning new codes or expanding the capacity of codes. Sometimes
codes are changed to provide for extra capacity or to allow for
a uniform numbering plan such as ensuring the total number of digits
of the STD/area code plus the local number is constant within a
country.
In the UK, it is reported that the digit '1' will be added to some
of the major codes as of 1995 in order to create extra STD code capacity.
For instance, London's 071 and 081 codes would be changed to 0171 and
0181 respectively (internationally, change +44 71 and +44 81 to
+44 171 and +44 181).
There are rumours that France will change its system again, to divide
the country into a few regions of single-digit area codes. Presently,
Paris has an area code 1, with the remainder of France having no area
code as such; eight-digit local numbers are used in and out of Paris.
The areas outside of Paris would then get area codes corresponding to
particular regions.
Australia is moving to single digit area codes, with uniform eight
digit local numbers. This replaces the current system with variable
length area codes and local numbers. This new plan is to be phased
in during the 1990's. New Zealand is also completing a change to single
digit area codes, with uniform seven digit local numbers.
Hong Kong actually got rid of its area codes a few years ago, replacing
the few single-digit area codes with seven-digit local numbers throughout
Hong Kong.
Q: What is Bellcore?
A: Bellcore, or Bell Communications Research, is a company that does
a variety of things for the telephone system in North America. It
assigns area codes, develops and sells technical documents relating
to the operation of the phone system, and does research and
development on various communications technologies. Recently,
Bellcore did development on MPEG, a video data compression method
to allow transmission of entertainment-quality video on a 1.5 Mb/s
communications link.
Q: How can I contact Bellcore?
A: The Bellcore document hotline (with touch tone menu) can be reached at
1 800 521 CORE (i.e. 1 800 521 2673) within the USA, or +1 908 699 5800
outside the USA (+1 908 699 0936 is the fax number). A catalogue of
documents can be ordered through this number.
For the voice menu on Bellcore's document hotline, to order a document
press 2 at the automated greeting. If you want to talk to a person
about availability, prices, etc., press 4 at the automated greeting.
Payment for documents can be made using American Express, Visa, Master
Card, International Money Orders, and Checks on US Banks. If you don't
have a document number handy, a catalog of technical documents is available.
Bellcore TAs and other preliminary "advisories" are only available
by writing:
Bellcore
Document Registrar
445 South Street - Room 2J-125
P. O. Box 1910
Morristown, NJ USA 07962-1910
The mailing address for ordering other "standard" documents (including
"TR" documents) is:
Bellcore Customer Service
60 New England Avenue
Piscataway, NJ USA 08854-4196
NPA/NXX (area codes, exchange codes) information is maintained by
the (somewhat) separate Traffic Routing Administration (TRA) group,
at +1 201 829 3071.
For all other TRA "products", or information about on-line access to a
database of routing data, contact the TRA Hotline at +1 201 829 3071,
or write to:
Traffic Routing Administration
Bell Communications Research, Inc.
435 South Street, Room 1J321
Morristown, NJ 07962-1961
If you want to talk to the "pub" folks, or a technical person, the
numbers/addresses are in the front of any TR (and the "Catalog").
Note that certain Bellcore documents (particularly certain TRA documents),
require the signing of a "Terms and Conditions" agreement before purchase.
Q: How can I get exchange/billing data? What is a V&H tape?
A: Bellcore sells the NPA-NXX Vertical and Horizontal Coordinates Tape
(the "V&H Tape"); this is primarily for billing purposes and lists
(for each NXX, or central office code) the type of NXX, major/minor
V&H coordinates (a sort of "latitude" and "longitude" used to calculate
rate distances for long distance billing), LATA Code (identifying the
U.S. long distance service area), the RAO (revenue accounting office),
Time Zone, Place Name, OCN (telephone company identifier) and indicators
for international dialing and "Non-Dialable".
Other related Bellcore documents include:
- NPA/NXX Activity Guide lists all NPA/NXX codes schedules to be added,
removed or "modified" (monthly). There's also an Active Code List that
lists all NPA/NXX codes that aren't planned to be removed or "modified"
for the next 6 months.
- Local Exchange Routing Guide (LERG) contains information on all
USA/Caribbean destinations, switching entities, Rate Centers and
Localities, Tandem Homing information, operator service codes,
800/900 NXX assignments, etc. (three 1600 BPI tapes). Mostly useful
to interexchange carriers (IXCs) and other telephone companies.
- Telephone Area Code Directory (TACD) is a document listing area
codes according to location (ordered by state/province and place).
TACD also includes a list of Carrier Identification Codes (CICs)
used for 10XXX+ or 950.ZXXX long distance service selection.
--------------------
Regulatory & Tariffs
--------------------
Q: What's this about the FCC starting a modem tax for those
using modems on phone lines?
A: This is one of those tall urban legends, on the order of the Craig
Shergold story (yes, folks, Craig's doing okay as of last report and
he doesn't need cards of any kind). It started when the FCC took up
a proposal that, if it had passed, would have raised the rate that
certain modem users paid, notably those who have set up their own
long distance networks for public use, like Compu$erve. The proposal
was not enacted into law.
Nevertheless, this proposal, or one even worse, could come up again
in the future. Here's how to tell the facts from the urban legends.
(1) Demand documentation; don't act until you see a copy of the FCC
proposal. (2) Once you have the proposal, look at the number. It will
be in the form yy-n, yy-nn, or yy-nnn. The first number, before the
hyphen, is the year. If, for example, it's the infamous 85-79, you
know it was the 79th proposal all the way back in 1985, and no longer
matters. (3) If you do see an up-to-date proposal, read it carefully.
If you can't tell what part of it enacts a "modem tax", demand that
the person who wants you to act explain it to you. If they can't,
or won't, then (and only then) bring it up on Telecom Digest, making
sure that you always include the FCC proposal's number, so that people
know which document you're talking about.
Regulators in other countries may also have similar types of notices. The
CRTC in Canada issues public notices and decisions on telecommunications
using similar numbering schemes.
Q: Why is a touch tone line more expensive than a rotary dial
line (in many places)?
A: This has been an occasional debate topic in the Digest. Indeed,
there can be a surcharge from $1 to $3 per month to have the
ability to dial using touch tone. In modern equipment, touch
tone is actually better and cheaper for the phone company
to administer that the old pulse/rotary dialing system.
The tone dialing charge can be attributed to the value of
a demanded service; tone is better, thus a premium can be
applied for this privilege. Also, it is something of a holdover
from the days when tone service required extra expense to decode
with the circuitry originally available. This is especially
true on crossbar exchanges, or where tone would have to be
converted to dial pulses as is the case with step-by-step
exchange equipment. Today, cheap integrated circuits are readily
available for decoding the tones used in dialing, and are
a standard part of electronic switching systems.
Some telephone companies have abandoned a premium charge for tone
dialing by including this in the regular local service charge. Others
still hold to some form of tone surcharge.
Q: How come I got charged at a hotel for a call where no
one answered? Why is the timing on some of the long
distance carriers inaccurate?
A: Where real call supervision is unavailable or inconvenient,
a ploy used by some call billing systems is to guess when
a call might be answered. That is, a customer dials the call,
and the equipment times the progress; after a certain point
in time the billing will commence whether or not the party
at the other end actually answers the phone. Thus, calls
left ringing for more than five or six rings can be billed.
Adding to the problem is the fact that calls don't necessarily
start ringing at a fixed time after the last digit is dialed.
Needless to say, some calls can be left uncharged in this scheme.
Should the call be answered and completed before the billing timer
elapses, the call won't be billed.
There are reports that California requires proper billing and
supervision of calls. Other areas may adopt similar requirements.
-----------
Competition
-----------
Q: Which countries have competitive long distance service?
A: Most countries have a single monopoly telephone company for their
local and long distance services. Yet, deregulation of telephone
companies and telecommunications in general is a worldwide trend.
For better or worse, the international marketplace is demanding
more innovation and competition in telecom markets in such areas
as electronic mail, fax and data services as well as the long
distance, satellite and other network services.
The United States has competition in terms of long distance services
(i.e. a choice of carriers such as AT&T, MCI, Sprint, Metromedia/ITT,
Allnet, ATC). This was established in the early 1980s with the
court-ordered dissolution of the Bell System into such pieces as
regional local telephone providers, AT&T (long distance) and
Bellcore (research, administration of telephone standards, etc.).
The UK has a duopoly long distance situation: British Telecom
and Mercury can provide long distance services but that could
be challenged as other companies wish to provide long distance
services.
Canada permitted public long distance competition in June 1992.
Prior to that, there was limited competition in terms of such things
as fax communication services and various long distance/local service
resellers, aimed at business interests. Unitel and BCRL/Call-Net
were successful in their application to compete. A subsequent appeal
of certain aspects of this decision was made by Bell Canada and other
existing telephone companies. The result of the appeal was that
the decision could stand, and that long distance competition may
proceed.
New Zealand recently allowed Clear Communications to compete in long
distance. Australia now has Optus as a long distance competitor. Japan
has competition in international public long distance services.
There are initial signs competition in the "local loop", or local
exchange services, also. Reports from the UK indicate that there is
significant growth in alternative local services, besides the Mercury/BT
long distance duopoly (competition of two). Cable companies are touted
as the alternative local phone company because of the available capacity
on cable feeds, plus the cable industry's conversion to fibre optic and
digital technologies. A choice of "dial tone" providers may eventually
be available to match the availability of competition in long distance
services.
Q: What is a COCOT?
A: Customer-Owned Coin-Operated Telephone, or perhaps Coin-Operated
Customer-Owned Telephone. Essentially, this is a privately-owned
public telephone as opposed to the traditional payphone that is
owned and operated by the local telephone company. Most COCOTs exist
in the United States; their status is not too well-known outside
the U.S. Certainly there are no approved COCOTs in Canada as
such and are also likely rare or nonexistent in other nations.
The COCOT is the target of much scorn as it often delivers less than
what one would hope for in competition. Cited deficiencies of many
of these units include prohibiting access to carriers like AT&T, use
of default "carriers" that charge exorbitant rates for long distance
calls, etc. Some of them have had problems when newly activated area
codes were used. In some cases, COCOTs would not even place calls to
numbers whose new area codes could not be dialed and whose old area
codes could no longer be dialed.
Q: What is an AOS?
A: AOS is short for Alternate Operator Service. That is a company other
than a long distance carrier or local telephone company that provides
operator assisted services for long distance (collect, third number
billed calls, person-to-person, etc.). Normally this involves having
operator staff handle billing and the necessary dialing, but the AOS
companies make use of existing long distance services rather than have
their own network. Using an AOS, whether for a collect call or credit
card call can be more expensive than bargained for.
Often, COCOTs (see above) will have their default "carrier" set to
an AOS, for optimum revenues. Hotels may also set up phones to use
AOS services by default.
Q: What is "splashing"?
A: Suppose you place a call from city A to city B using an AOS based
in city C. The call is considered to be "splashed" if the billing
for the call is based on the distance between city C (AOS) and
city B (destination) rather than between cities A and B as
one traditionally expects such calls to be billed. Thus, if the
splashed distance (C-B) is much longer than the origin-destination
(A-B) distance, the customer is charged extra money.
Q: Where can I find a list of equal access (10XXX) codes?
A: The TELECOM Digest Archives has lists of these codes. They are contained
in the files occ.10xxx.access.codes and occ.10xxx.list.updated in the
TELECOM Digest Archives. New information on these codes or other access
codes occasionally appears in TELECOM Digest.
An official, full list of these codes was part of Bellcore's Telephone
Area Code Directory document. Bellcore also maintains a list of these
Carrier Identification Codes as a separate document (see "How can I
contact Bellcore?" question for details on purchasing Bellcore documents).
Q: How can I tell who my default carrier is (or that of a 10XXX+
carrier)?
A: In the U.S., dial 1 700 555.4141, and that should get a recording
indicating the default carrier. This should be a free call. From
regular lines, dialing 10XXX + 1 700 555.4141 can yield the
identifying recordings of other carriers.
On payphones, AT&T is always a "default" carrier for coin calls, but not
necessarily so when it comes to calling/billing card numbers, collect
calls or other operator-assisted calls. Thus on payphones, AT&T's
recording is heard regardless if what carrier access codes are used
before 1 700 555.4141. Apparently, no other long distance carrier is
interested in collecting coin revenues. COCOTs usually handle coin
calls with self-contained coin billing equipment (and guessing of
call connection time).
--------
Features
--------
Q: What is the calling card "boing" and what is it made of?
A: When a North American call is dialed as 0 + (area code if necessary)
+ number, a "boing" is heard after the number is dialed. This is the
prompt to enter a telephone company calling card number to bill the
call with, or to select the operator (0) for further handling, or in
some regions to specify collect or third number billing for the call.
The boing consists of a very short burst of the '#' touch tone, followed
by a rapidly decaying dial tone. The initial '#' tone is used in case
certain tone-pulse converters exist on the line; such converters use the
'#' to disable conversion of tones to dial pulses, a conversion which
would prevent card number entries from reaching the long distance provider.
Q: How can I prevent the call waiting tone from beeping in
mid-conversation?
A: If you place the call, and don't want to get interrupted, a call
waiting suppression code is dialed before dialing the call itself.
The most common code for this in North America is *70 or 1170 (on
7 rotary dial phone lines). 70# (or 70 and wait on rotary phone) could
also be used in some areas. Other countries will have special codes
for this, and will vary in terms of capabilities offered.
Local phone companies in some areas charge installation and monthly
fees for 'Cancel Call Waiting', and you must subscribe for this to
work. In some areas it comes free with Call Waiting. In a few other
areas it may be unavailable at any price.
Thus, to call 555.0000 so that call waiting is disabled, dial *70
(or whatever the correct code is for your area), wait for another
dial tone, then dial 555.0000 as usual.
Suppressing call waiting tone on an *incoming* call may be possible
depending on how your phone company has set the central office.
One possible way of doing this is to flash your switch-hook briefly,
see if a dial tone comes on, then try dialing the call waiting
suppress code (*70 or whatever). Southwestern Bell, for instance,
uses a variant of this: <flash hook> *70 <flash hook> (i.e. a second
hook flash required). The methods are not guaranteed, however; your
phone company might be able to give a better answer if the preceding
doesn't work.
NOTE: each phone company will determine the capabilities of Call Waiting
features, and what codes will be used to activate them, and what costs
the service will be provided at. The codes are not necessarily the same
from place to place. Please consult your phone company for official
information in your particular area if any of the above codes do not work
properly. Also check the phone book introductory pages as these sometimes
include instructions on how to use special calling services such as
Call Waiting.
-------------
Miscellaneous
-------------
Q: Is there a way to find someone given just a phone number?
A: Sometimes. There are often cross-referenced city indexes available in
libraries and other places that have lists ordered by the phone number.
These directories go by names such as Bowers, Mights, Strongs or other
brands. Unlisted numbers are not listed, nor are they intended to be
traced by the general public. One catch is that such directories are
necessarily out of date shortly after their publication what with the
"churn" of changing telephone numbers and addresses.
In addition, there are phone numbers provided by telephone companies
that connect to live lookup services. Operators at these numbers will
determine a person according to the phone number. Only a few of these
lookup numbers are intended for the general public (e.g. Chicago and
Tampa). Some countries have also provided number to name lookup as a
matter of normal telephone service, although these are often chargeable
calls. Otherwise, most of these lookup numbers are for internal telephone
company usage. Again, unlisted numbers are not intended to be provided
by these services, while the listed numbers are often found in the
introductory pages of local phone books.
The Compuserve on line service had a facility to find names and addresses
based on phone numbers. This facility is reported to have more recent
information for residential numbers than for business numbers. Those
interested should contact Compuserve staff for assistance or information
on this service.
Private detectives seem to have other means of getting these
numbers, but that's another story...
Q: Where can a Cellular/Mobile Radio mailing list be contacted?
A: A mailing list dedicated to cellular/mobile radio technologies, namely
new digital radio services, is available. Contact dec@dfv.rwth-aachen.de.
Fidonet has a CELLULAR conference for cellular telephony issues, for
those with access to that network.
<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>
-=Building and using the P*M all purpose PhUn kit=-
-=By Panther Modern TNO/TBF=-
Ain't it fun to fuck someone over, and to cause general ChAoZ? The
all purpose PhUn-Kit is a way for someone who isn't into bomz and chaos
to jump rite in and start having fun! Anyone can obtain the materials,
and all instructions are very easy to use and follow. THis file is
intended for the beginner. Some of this information may have been used
in other files, but my writing (in my oppinion :) is much easier to
understand. So read on..
The first thing we'll do is assemble the all-purpose phun kit!!!
Just get a little place to store all your stuff, and you are ready.
Into your kit, assemble the following:
QTY DESCRIPTION APPROX. PRICE EACH
-----------------------------------------------------------------
04 4 oz containers of Potassium Nitrate. $2.00 each
-----------------------------------------------------------------
01 Bag of powdered sugar. $0.75
-----------------------------------------------------------------
01-02 Containers of Epsom Salts. $2.00 or so each
-----------------------------------------------------------------
01 Hammer, with hook end $10.00 or so
-----------------------------------------------------------------
05 C02 canisters. Empty, or full. $0.50-0.75 each
-----------------------------------------------------------------
06 Estes "D" Class Rocket Engines $1.50 each.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
?? LOTZ OF FUSE!!!!! $0.50/Foot
-----------------------------------------------------------------
05 Boxes of strike anywhere matches $0.50-0.75 each
-----------------------------------------------------------------
02 Tennis Balls $0.75 each
-----------------------------------------------------------------
01 Funnel $0.20
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Not too cheap, but definately worth the
price. And there is always the 'ole
5-finger discount...
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Okay, now that you probably have everything you need (You can pick up
most of it at a local drug store) we will start building our fun pack.
The first thing we want to do is work on a hard surface. I
myself work on a linoleum, or concrete floor, but its your choice.
If you work on a rug, and you accidentally drop some of your powder(s)
that we will be making, you could lose great quantities of it. Also,
a hard floor is much easier to do things like crushing powder on.
Or, you could use a work table. But you will need a hard floor in time.
The first thing we will make is some Potassium Nitrate mixes.
I hope you have a non-stick pot to work with, or cleanup will be
more difficult. Both mixtures are STICKY AS HELL when they are still
mixing, and can cause much trouble at cleanup time. Anyway, its your
choice. To make the first mixture, you take 3 parts Saltpeter (Potassium
Nitrate) and two parts sugar, by volume, and put 'em in a pot, over
a stove on high heat. Melt everything down into a thick mixture,
and, when ready, pour it into your mold. I use a bowl lined with
a plastic bag. This makes a nice big mold, and since this stuff
is close to IMPOSSIBLE to cut once its dried, you need a mold to
suit your size. Also, don't panic when the plastic starts to melt,
it won't stick. Embed some fuse in it, leave about 6 inches to lite,
and 1 embedded in the mixture. Now, throw it in the freezer for awhile,
until it is no longer warm to the touch. Now, let it dry off, as it
may have absorbed some moister from the freezer, and when it is dry, you
now have a lava bomb. Not really a bomb, but FUN! Now, I bet you want
to try it, 'eh? Well, put it on whatever surface you want to fuck
up, (Try the hood of a car!) and light one of the matches. You may
have to wrap some newspaper around it so that it will catch closer
to the head. As it burns, it will get VERY hot, and throw little
liquid chunks of "lava" everywhere. It will also smoke a little
bit. Looks like a mushroom cloud...You may be able to find a
better ratio for mixing, if you do, I would appreciate it if you
could contact me with it. I am always on the lookout.
Next, we will make smoke bombs. Take 1 part saltpeter, and 1
part epsom salts, and mix 'em in a pot. Now, put it on high heat
over a stove, and melt it. Follow the same procedure as you did
with the saltpeter and sugar mixture, and you will have a (some)
NICE smokebomb(s). This ratio may be improved upon also, I have
no clue. I don't have very much experience with this mix, but
from what I have seen, it is fairly nice. Anyway, try to have fun with
your smoke bomb. You can fuck someone up with the smoke it
generates. Make 'em cough like hell, or smoke 'em out of their
house, or something. You'll figure it out...
Now we're going to make a ball bomb. First, bore a little
hole in the side of the tennis ball, JUST big enough to fit the
funnel through if you really stretch it. Put your funnel in, and
start cutting off the heads of the strike anywhere matches. I use
about 500-600 to make a good bomb. Now, put all those match heads
in the ball, until the ball is FULL of 'em! AND MAKE SURE YOU
DON'T DROP THE GODDAMN BALL!!! Next, take out the funnel, and wrap
the ball TIGHTLY with electric tape. Cover the whole with the
tape. Now, you can go throw it at someone, or something. The
reason that this bomb works is that all of the match heads strike
against each other. It works for the same reason an M80 works, but
you don't have to light this one! If you have made the bomb
correctly, it will make a nice big explosion, sending out a
fireball, little chunks of tennis ball, and match heads all over
the place at high speeds. Very fun.
Next, we will make a nice warhead-type thing...First, grab one
of your CO2 canisters. If it is empty, then enlarge the hole with
a nail. If not, then puncture a hole in the top with a nail, and
let all the CO2 come out. Now, peel open a couple rocket engines.
Peel all of the cardboard off the outside. Next, remove the clay
caps on each end, and dispose of them. Now, put the pieces of
propellent into HEAVY-DUTY plastic bags (or, even better, CANVAS),
and put them on a smooth, hard floor. Smash them with your hammer,
until they are ground into a super-fine powder. I prefer mine to be
around the consistency of flour, but its your choice. The finer
the powder, the better the explosion will be. Once you are done
crushing, use your funnel, and fill up the canister with the
powder. After it is full, put in your fuse, through the hole, (I
would recommend using at least 1 foots of fuse - This will provide at least
20-30 seconds, mattering on what type of fuse you are using. Make sure that
at least 1 inch of fuse is in the powder, to make sure of connection.
Use a hotglue gun to seal the fuse in, and also cover around the fuse.
Once it is sealed, wrap the entire canister, and somewhat up the
fuse with 1-2 layers of masking tape. Now cover over all the masking tape,
and a little bit up the fuse with electrical tape. Use 2-3 layers
of it. You now have a GREAT bomb. Use it to blow
someone/something/anything up! It will make a VERY loud blast,
throw shards of metal everywhere, and do other fun things...
Another fun thing to do with the rocket engines is to peel one,
and put it on top of a surface you wish to destroy. Light it up
by putting some newspaper under it, and lighting the paper. It
will make a huge flaming arc, and lotsa' smoke. The flame is very
hot, and will fuck up whatever it is on...
Another PhUn chaotic thing to do is to look around..Next to trafic lites
you will often see big metal box-type things. About 3/4 of the way up,
there is a little "door"..take the hook end of your hammer, and usually
you can pry it open. Once inside, you can CONTROL TRAFIC LITES! This
includes changing red to green, green to red, or TURNING OFF the whole lite!
A fun thing to do is go up to one on a busy street, switch it to manual mode,
switch the busy street to red, the cross-street to green, close it back up,
and walk away. Until someone gets into it, it will STAY THAT WAY!!!!
Just think of all the people sitting in their cars waiting for the lite
to change..PhUnPhUnPhUn!!
Anyway, I hope this article was informative, and fun..And remember, don't
get caught.
<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>
/---------------------------------------------------------------------------\
| |
| Variations on Queenryche |
| |
| By |
| |
| John Falcon (aka Renegade) |
| |
\---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
Best I Can...
A Child Alone in the Computer Room
The Modem was hidden here.....
No one home to catch me when I call.....
A young man now in a padded chair...
Glares at the monitor with a bitter stare...
But my dream is still alive....
I'm gonna be the Best I can....
I want to be a Hackin man...
I want to see AT&T crumble.....
I gonna make Bell cry in pain...yeah!....
I'm gonna write for Phrack magazine...
I'm gonna be, the best they ever seen...
I'm gonna win if I give it all I can.
And off I go....
Gotta make that call...
And off I go....
To be the best man, the best man that I can..
Outdial, Loops, Codez....got it good..
Learning all the wonders of this Computerized neighborhood...
Now take a turn on that Packet Switch Network....
It showed me that I can call for free....
But then Agent Foley went through people's life.
Giving me smarts, and a new direction to go in...
And here I go...
Gotta hack that root...
And here I go...
To be the best man, the best man that I can...
Step by step I dream the plan..
From my NUA to telnet man...
This constant dream is on my mind...
From T-1 I go to another PAD....
Call out into RNOC's LAN...
I dream to be the best I can....
Now I am fast forward...
Never looking back...
Straight ahead...
Giveing Bell a Heart Attack..
On a line that will never be charged...
I won't be torn between
The lamers on #warez
and the elite of LOD
I'm gonna melt the two men into one...
And here I go...
Typeing as I go...
And here I go....
To be the best man, the best man that I can...
The best man that I can
The best man that I can.....
Silent Lucidity...
Hush now don't you cry...
Wipe away the tear drop from your eye...
The Trace is safely dead...
Their lock-in trace was drained completely dead...
The Feds trick you to feel the pain.
Of someone close to you being caught and jailed...
So here it is, another chance..
Wide awake you face the day, the dream is over.
Or has it just begun?
There's a system I like to hack
A backdoor that I go through in the night.
Relax child, we are safe..
Tim Foley didn't realize that we are smart.
There's a place where you will learn.
To Call for free.
To hack VMB's....
Command the trunks of AT&T...
Commanding in another world..
Suddendly, you hear a tone...and enter a magic new dimention..
I'll will always call for free.
Gonna make Ma Bell Pay for me..
Will protect my right that are to come to me.
I'm smileing at you.
With Silent Lucidity.
*Guitar Solo*
If you open long-distance lines up for free.
I wouldn't have to commit a felony...
The walls you built with pain.
Are being broken down with kids with boxes full of diodes.
Calling twice the speed of sound..
We hack UNIX...
We call through PBX...
We let information free to fly....
A round trip journey through internet...
Master of Illusion..
Don't you realize...
Our Dream's alive...
We can be the guide but...
I'll be watching over you...
Gonna make your nightmare's come true..
Will hack your computer in the night...
I'm smileing at you...
With Silent Lucidity..
<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>
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