264 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
264 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
SENEGAL
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 196,190 km2; land area: 192,000 km2
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Comparative area: slightly smaller than South Dakota
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Land boundaries: 2,640 km total; The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km,
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Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
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Coastline: 531 km
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Maritime claims:
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Contiguous zone: 24 nm;
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Continental shelf: edge of continental margin or 200 nm;
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Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 12 nm
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Disputes: short section of the boundary with The Gambia is
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indefinite; the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rendered its
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decision on the Guinea-Bissau/Senegal maritime boundary in favor
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of Senegal--that decision has been rejected by Guinea-Bissau;
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boundary with Mauritania
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Climate: tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (December to April) has
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strong southeast winds; dry season (May to November) dominated by hot,
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dry harmattan wind
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Terrain: generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in
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southeast
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Natural resources: fish, phosphates, iron ore
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Land use: arable land 27%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and
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pastures 30%; forest and woodland 31%; other 12%; includes irrigated
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1%
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Environment: lowlands seasonally flooded; deforestation;
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overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
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Note: The Gambia is almost an enclave
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PEOPLE
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Population: 7,952,657 (July 1991), growth rate 3.1% (1991)
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Birth rate: 44 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 13 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 86 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 54 years male, 56 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 6.2 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Senegalese (sing. and pl.);
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adjective--Senegalese
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Ethnic divisions: Wolof 36%, Fulani 17%, Serer 17%, Toucouleur
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9%, Diola 9%, Mandingo 9%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 2%
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Religion: Muslim 92%, indigenous beliefs 6%, Christian 2%
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(mostly Roman Catholic)
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Language: French (official); Wolof, Pulaar, Diola, Mandingo
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Literacy: 38% (male 52%, female 25%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: 2,509,000; 77% subsistence agricultural workers;
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175,000 wage earners--private sector 40%, government and parapublic 60%;
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52% of population of working age (1985)
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Organized labor: majority of wage-labor force represented by
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unions; however, dues-paying membership very limited; major confederation
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is National Confederation of Senegalese Labor (CNTS), an affiliate of
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governing party
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of Senegal
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Type: republic under multiparty democratic rule
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Capital: Dakar
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Administrative divisions: 10 regions (regions,
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singular--region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga,
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Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
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Independence: 4 April 1960 (from France); The Gambia and Senegal
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signed an agreement on 12 December 1981 (effective 1 February 1982) that
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called for the creation of a loose confederation to be known as
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Senegambia, but the agreement was dissolved on 30 September 1989
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Constitution: 3 March 1963, last revised in 1984
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Legal system: based on French civil law system; judicial review of
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legislative acts in Supreme Court, which also audits the government's
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accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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National holiday: Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
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Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of Ministers
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(cabinet)
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Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee
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Nationale)
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Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Abdou DIOUF (since 1 January 1981);
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Head of Government--Prime Minister Habib THIAM (since 7 April
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1991)
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Political parties and leaders:
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Socialist Party (PS), President Abdou DIOUF;
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Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS), Abdoulaye WADE;
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13 other small uninfluential parties
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Suffrage: universal at age 21
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Elections:
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President--last held 28 February 1988 (next to be held February
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1993);
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results--Abdou DIOUF (PS) 73%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 26%, other 1%;
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National Assembly--last held 28 February 1988 (next to be
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held February 1993);
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results--PS 71%, PDS 25%, other 4%;
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seats--(120 total) PS 103, PDS 17
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Communists: small number of Communists and sympathizers
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Other political or pressure groups: students, teachers, labor,
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Muslim Brotherhoods
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Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77,
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GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO,
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INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM,
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OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UPU, WADB, WCL,
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WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Ibra Deguene KA; Chancery at
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2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 234-0540
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or 0541;
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US--Ambassador George E. MOOSE; Embassy on Avenue Jean XXIII at the
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corner of Avenue Kleber, Dakar (mailing address is B. P. 49, Dakar);
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telephone 221 23-42-96 or 23-34-24
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Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and
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red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band;
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uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
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ECONOMY
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Overview: The agricultural sector accounts for about 20% of GDP and
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provides employment for about 75% of the labor force. About 40% of the
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total cultivated land is used to grow peanuts, an important export crop.
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The principal economic resource is fishing, which brought in about $200
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million or about 25% of total foreign exchange earnings in 1987. Mining
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is dominated by the extraction of phosphate, but production has faltered
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because of reduced worldwide demand for fertilizers in recent years. Over
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the past 10 years tourism has become increasingly important to the
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economy.
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GDP: $5.0 billion, per capita $615; real growth rate 3.6% (1990)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.0% (1990)
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Unemployment rate: 3.5% (1987)
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Budget: revenues $921 million; expenditures $1,024 million;
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including capital expenditures of $14 million (FY89 est.)
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Exports: $814 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
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commodities--manufactures 30%, fish products 27%, peanuts 11%,
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petroleum products 11%, phosphates 10%;
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partners--France, other EC, Mali, Ivory Coast, India
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Imports: $1.050 billion (c.i.f., 1990 est.);
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commodities--semimanufactures 30%, food 27%, durable consumer
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goods 17%, petroleum 12%, capital goods 14%;
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partners--France, other EC, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Algeria, China,
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Japan
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External debt: $2.9 billion (1990)
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Industrial production: growth rate 4.7% (1989); accounts for
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15% of GDP
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Electricity: 210,000 kW capacity; 760 million kWh produced,
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100 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: fishing, agricultural processing, phosphate mining,
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petroleum refining, building materials
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Agriculture: including fishing, accounts for 20% of GDP and more
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than 75% of labor force; major products--peanuts (cash crop), millet,
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corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; estimated
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two-thirds self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 299,000 metric tons
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in 1987
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $551
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $4.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $589 million;
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Communist countries (1970-89), $295 million
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Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc
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(plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
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Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF)
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per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85
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(1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)
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Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 1,034 km 1.000-meter gauge; all single track except
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70 km double track Dakar to Thies
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Highways: 14,000 km total; 3,770 km paved, 10,230 km laterite or
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improved earth
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Inland waterways: 900 km total; 785 km on the Senegal, 115 km
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on the Saloum
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Ports: Dakar, Kaolack
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Merchant marine: 3 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 9,263
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GRT/15,167 DWT; includes 2 cargo, 1 bulk
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Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 25 total, 20 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways;
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none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
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15 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: above-average urban system, using radio relay
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and cable; 40,200 telephones; stations--8 AM, no FM, 1 TV; 3 submarine
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cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie;
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Surete Nationale
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,749,540; 913,806 fit for
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military service; 91,607 reach military age (18) annually
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Defense expenditures: $100 million, 2% of GDP (1989 est.)
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