1835 lines
54 KiB
Plaintext
1835 lines
54 KiB
Plaintext
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HOW TO GROW MARIJUANA HYDROPONICALLY
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[grow six foot plants in three months!!]
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Scanned and Typed by Woz
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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
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Well, you have opened my book, and you are probably
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wondering what a toilet has to do with growing marijuana . . .
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perhaps you have never heard of hydroponic gardening.
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That is what this book is all about; turning you on to an old
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method of growing plants in the absence of soil and using it
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as a brand new method of growing super weed!
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The word hydro, meaning water, and the word ponic,
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meaning working, makes the definition of hydroponics
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water-working. Growing plants in an inert substance such as
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gravel, with a liquid nutrient solution circulating through the
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growing medium, results in faster growing, healthier plants.
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As for the toilet, it is a completely functional hydroponic
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garden. There are, however, better things to use for a growing
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unit.
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No longer is there a need to hassle with all the pots and soil
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one needs to grow plants the conventional way.
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All you need for hydroponics is one tray four to eight inches
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deep that can be used for the entire growing cycle of your
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plants from seedlings to maturity. As for the growing medi-
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um, you can use gravel, vermiculite, sand, or even broken
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pottery. Best of all, it can be made fully automatic so that you
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don't even need a green thumb to get excellent results with
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hydroponics.
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All the information you need to grow your favorite plants is
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in the chapters ahead. Of course, I do not recommend grow-
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ing anything illegal. As you all know. growing marijuana is
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illegal in the United States. Therefore, it is the author's recom-
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mendation that you read this book for your own personal
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information. However, all of the information in this book can
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also be applied to growing legal plants, vegetables and
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herbs in a fraction of the time it takes with conventional
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methods.
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Hydroponics (What is it?)
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What makes a plant grow? The majority of plants require a
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few essentials; water, air, light, mineral salts, and a growing
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medium to support the roots. A plant growing in soil sends
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out a root system to absorb the mlneral salts available in the
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soll. These salts, broken down into an inorganic form, are
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absorbed into the roots by a process known as osmosis.
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Carbon dioxide, from the air, is drawn into the leaves to help
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in the process of making new tissue. The energy needed to
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transform these substances into livlng tissue comes from
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light.
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When the source for mineral salts dwindles, the plant
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sends out roots to locate a new source. The energy used up
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- by the plant in producing new root systems amounts to lost
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- time and energy that could be used in growing foliage.
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- In hydroponic gardening, a plant is grown in a medium
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such as gravel. To feed the plant, a nutrient solution contain-
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ing mineral salts is circulated through the gravel giving the
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plant all the nutrition it needs for optimum growth. Since the
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plant has all the mineral salts readily available, the root sys-
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tem can be kept to a minimum, thus more energy is exerted toward foliage
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production.
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Since the plants don't have to compete for mineral salts.
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they can be placed closer together. The result: higher yield
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and faster growing plants in the space available. Of course,
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there are a few things you have to know before you start the
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hydroponic garden. In the chapters ahead, I will cover all the
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details you'll need to grow super plants.
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Germinating Your Seeds
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This is a good place to start. By the time your seeds germi-
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nate, you could have the hydroponic garden all set up.
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In the past few years, I have seen a lot of different methods
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of germinating seeds. In myopinion, the pa,n_ertowel method
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works the best. This consists-of placing the seeds between
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four or five damp paper towels and then placing them in a
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warm area of the house.
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Sprouts should appear in about one to seven days. It is
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very important to keep an eye on the sprouts to prevent
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them from drying out. A good practice is to water them lightly
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every day. As they sprout, place them into a BR 8 immediately.
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This is important because if you wait too long you could
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damage the roots.
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It is best to handle the plant as little as possible. Many times
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roots have been damaged during transplanting; thus dwarf
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ing the plant. Germinating the seeds first gives the grower a
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better selection of the healthiest sprouts. The first seeds to
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usually grow to become the healthiest plants.
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CHAPTER 2 - GROWING MEDIUM
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The growing medium is a very important part of hydroponics.
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It would be wise to take some time in choosing the
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best medium available. The right decision can make or
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break the quality and quantity of your stash.
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Requirements for a Good Growlng Medium
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First, it must be an inert material (a substance with no
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active chemicals of its own). Thls is important because you
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don't want any foreign chemicals leaching into the nutrient
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solution that could contaminate it. Gravel, sand, vermiculite.
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and perlite are some of the most commonly used inert
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mediums. Second, it must be a materlal that will not pack
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down too tightly. It is very important that the plant has a
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supply of oxygen around the root system. If the growing
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medium packs too tightly, the aeration will be stined, eventu-
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ally suffocating the plant. The third factor for a good growing
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medium is the ability to retain water. Without proper mois
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ture around the roots at all times, the plants will die quickly.
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Gravel
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In my opinion, gravel is the best growing medium by far. It
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is readily available at stores selling cement. It is easy to clea n
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and sterilize. The aeration is very good, and it retains water
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for long periods of time.
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Gravel can also be re used by simply sterilizlng it after
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cleaning all the roots from the previous crop. The size of the
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gravel should be about the size of a green pea . . . hence the
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name "pea gravel".
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I should mention that in the past, I have obtalned the gravel
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I use from a sand and gravel company, and have never
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sterilized it for the flrst crop. Aner rinslng it well with fresh
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water it is usually safe to use. I would recommend, however.
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that you sterilize the growing medium after the first crop to
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prevent bacteria growth. Thls bacterla could disease future
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plants. If you obtain the gravel from a rlver bed or a source
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other than a sand and gravel company, it would be wise to
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sterilize it,iust to be safe.
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Using Chlorine to Sterilize
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You can use chlorine bleach to sterilize the growing
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medium by mixing a solution of 1/4 cup chlorine per gallon of
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water. Let the gravel soak in this solution overnight, then
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flush thoroughly with fresh water until most of the odour is
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gone. If there is a remaining odour of chlorine it will not hurt the
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plants, but it is important not to allow any chlorine solution
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to remain at the bottom of the growing tray. This would
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deflnitely harm your plants.
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Sand
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Sand is another popular medium used in hydroponics. It is
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important to use a coarse non calcerous sand. If the sand is
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too fine or contains silt or soil, it will eventually pack down
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and prevent proper aeration. Beach and river sand can be
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used as long as you wash it thoroughly. If possible, it is better
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to buy the sand already washed and ready to go. A good
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place to obtain it is as a swimming pool supply store.
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There is one major problem with using sand. Being more
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dense than gravel, it has a tendency to build up unwanted
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salts which will hurt the root system. It is a good idea to leach
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these salts out with fresh water every time you replenish the
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nutrient solution. This is done by running fresh water through
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the growing tray in place of nutrients.
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Vermiculite
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Vermiculite is obtained from natural mica deposits. When
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heated to a very high temperature, it expands to 15 times its
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original size. The finished product is a lightweight, sterile,
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highly absorbant material. Because of these properties, it is
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used quite often in hydroponic gardening, (usually in con
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junction with another growing medium.) Since it is so highly
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absorbant, it isn't wise to use by itself. Mold and fungus have
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a tendency to grow easily in a constantly damp medium.
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Vermiculite works quite well in conjunction with perlite in
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units that require high moisture absorption. A mixture of 1/2
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vermiculite and 1/2 perlite is often used in wick systems. (See
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the next chapter on containers).
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Perlite
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Perlite is made of puffed glass that is capable of retaining
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over six times its own weight of water. It can be used as a
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growing medium by itself, or as an additive to other sterile
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mediums. Although it has a tendency to grow algae, it will
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not harm your plants. Perlite has the added advantage of not
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turning to "mush" as vermiculite often does. When using
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either one of these two mediums, it is important to use fllters,
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as they contain flne particles that may clog up the pump.
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(This applies if you are using an automatic system).
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Perlite and vermiculite can both be used more than once,
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but it is important that it is allowed to dry out before reusing.
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This can be done by removing it from the growing tray and
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placing it in the sun until dried.
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Cinders
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If you use cinders for the growing medium, be sure to soak
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them in water for at least 24 hours to remove any excess ash.
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Some of the more common types of cinders used are vol-
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canic, coal, and charcoal cinders.
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Mica-Peat
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It isn't wise to use mica-peat by itself as a growing medium
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because of its make up. It does work well as an additive to
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sand or vericulite to improve aeration.
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Broken Bricks and Pottery
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If you are really hard up for a growing medium, broken
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bricks or pottery can be used with good results. Break the
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pottery or brick into small pieces with a hammer; 1/8 to 1/2 inch
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is sufficient. Soak the pieces for 24 hours to clean away any
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excess clay. This is a good way to recycle any broken clay
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pots you may have.
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CHAPTER 3 - THE CONTAINER
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There are many types of containers one can use for the
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hydroponic garden. Plastic dishwashing trays, plastic cov-
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ered wooden boxes, old sinks, and plastic flower pots are
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some of the most commonly used.
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The only requirements needed for a growing tray are:
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I . It must be made of a material that will not decompose in
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water. Untreated wood, compressed fiber pots, and un-
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treated metal containers are not good to use. Plastic contain
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ers, wood treated with flberglass or epoxy paint, and porce-
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lain will bring better results.
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2. The growing tray must have good drainage. Without it,
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small pools of nutrient solution will remain on the bottom of
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the tray. Eventually, the root system will become rotten from
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being constantly wet. If this should occur. the plant will
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become sick and die. Be sure to put the drain at the lowest
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point of the growing tray, to assure complete drainage.
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3. It is important that the growing tray be at least 5 inches
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deep for proper root growth.
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If it is not this deep, the roots won't have enough area to
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grow, to support the plant.
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Manual Feedlng vs. Automatic Feeding
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One of the big advantages of hydroponic gardening is that
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it can be made completely automatic. You can use a
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submergible pump and a timer together to do all of the
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scheduled feedings.
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There are only two things that you will need to do. One,
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raise the lights occasionally, because your plants are going
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grow very fast once they have established themselves.
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(usually 2-3 weeks).
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Secondly, you will need to change the nutrient solution
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every 10-14 days, for best results.
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Manual feeding hydroponic units are excellent for the
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beginner. The units are easy to make, and are inexpensive
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as well. Although as you become more interested in hydro
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ponics you will probably want to advance to an automatic
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system.
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The most popular hydroponic gardens are the gravityfeed
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type. These units are nooded one to four times daily. This is
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easily done with a small unit needing one to five gallons of
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nutrient solution. When the growing tray is larger and re-
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quires five to ten gallons of nutrient solution it is impracticai
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to try to manuaily feed the plants because of the weight
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involved.
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DIAGRAM OF TUB ON TABLE WITH BUCKET UNDERNEATH
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This hydroponic garden is simple to construct, and the
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results are excellent. Any plastic container that is at least flve
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inches deep will work. Cut a l/4 inch hole in the center bottom
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of the container. Place a plastic screen over the hole to
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prevent any of the growing medium from falling through.
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Use gravel, vermiculite, or perlite for the growing medium.
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After germlnating the seeds, put them into BR 8 growing
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cubes. Place the cubes into the growing medium six inches
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apart to allow for normal growth.
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Water the plants one to four times daily. To do this, simply
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pour the nutrient into the growing tray, then replace the
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bucket under the tray to allow the nutrient to now back into
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the bucket.
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Replace the nutrient solution every ten to fourteen days.
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When you do replace it, pour fresh water once through the
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medium to leach out any build up of mineral salts.
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Unless you have a bright window to put this garden near, it
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would be a good idea to use a plant light for best results.
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(Refer to the chapter on lighting to find the best light to use for
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your particular needs.)
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photo of tub on bench, lie previous diagram
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This is another hydroponic garden that is used quite often,
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because of its ease of construction and use.
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Like the previous hydroponic garden, you can use any
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plastic container that is at least five inches deep. The reser-
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voir is a plastic bucket, connected to the tray by a hose.
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When it is time to feed the plants, raise the bucket higher
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than the growing tray allowing the nutrients to drain. Then,
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lower the bucket so that the solution will flow back.
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photo of water being poured onto tub/br 8's
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diagram of weed in box, showing roots etc
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Probably tne most trouble-free of all the hydroponic units is
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the wick system. The plants get the food they need through a
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specially treated wick suspended in the nutrient solution.
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This is made possible by a process known as capillary
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action. The wick system works very well for a small garden
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of four or five plants, but for a larger operation the irrigation
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method should be used.
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To construct a wick system, you will need two containers
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at least six inches deep, preferably the same size. In one of
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the containers drill six 1/8 inch holes, in the bottom. The
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number of wicks the system will need depends on the size of
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the growing tray. Thread the wicks through the holes as in
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the picture, leaving approximately four inches suspended
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from the bottom.
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The second tray should have enough nutrient in it so that
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when the top container is fitted into the bottom one, the
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wicks will be submerged in the liquid.
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The next step is to fill the top container with perlite or
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vermiculite, (a combination of one-half perlite and one-half
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vermiculite works very well). In this type of unit be sure to
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use the previous mentioned mediums, because of their high
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moisture absorbing qualities. To start the capillary action of
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the wicks, pour enough nutrient into the growing medium to
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dampen it. The system is now ready for germinated seed-
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lings.
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Unlike other types of hydroponic growing units, the wick
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system doesn't need the nutrient changed. It is necessary
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however to keep the nutrient at a constant ~evel. Add more
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nutrient solution as the plants use it up.
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When you decide to get into growing plants on a larger
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scale you may want to build a fully automatic system.
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The advantage to this is that it can be built to your own
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speciflcation. The biggest cost of the system will be the
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pump and timer. The growing tray and reservoir can be
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built inexpensively using a wood frame lined with a vinyl
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plastic. The total cost for a home-made hydroponic growing
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system may be anywhere from S 10 to S100 depending on
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the size, and whether it is automatlc (needing a pump and
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timer) or manual feeding.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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photo of hands holding tub over basin with tubes hanging out bottom
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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There are two factors that you will want to keep in mind
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when building a growing unit. First. if the hydroponic unit is
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going to be used inside under artificial lighting the growing
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tray should be designed to fit under your lamps. A four foot
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growing tray requires a four foot Gro-lux light. An eight foot
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growing tray requires an eight foot Gro lux, and so on. The
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width of the growing tray is also governed by the amount
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of lamps to be used. when using a double lamp flxture, the
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growing tray shouldn't be wider than 12 inches, because of
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the amount of light the plants will receive from that singie
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source.
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The second factor is whether the growing unit is going to
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be automatic feeding or manual. If the unit is going to be a
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manual feeding system, the size will be regulated by the
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amount of nutrient solution needed to irrigate the growing
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tray.
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To calculate the amount of nutrient needed to irrigate the
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growing medium of a given size tray, multiply the width by
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the length by the depth in inches. Then dlvide this number
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by 1728 (the number of inches in one cubic foot). Multiply
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this number by 7.5 (the approximate number of gallons
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in one cubic foot). This flgure is the approximate number
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of gallons needed to flll the growing tray, but since the gravel
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takes up 2/3 of the area, divide the number by three. This
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is the number of gallons needed to irrigate the growing
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medium.
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Once you have decided on the size and type, (automatic or
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manual feeding) you are ready for the construction. The
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sides can be made of 3/4in plywood or 2in x 8in boards. The
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bottom should be 3/4in plywood. All of the joints should be
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glued with a marine glue. It would also be a good idea to
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use corregated nails at all the joints for added strength.
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At one end of the tray, drill a 1in hole for drainage. You will
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need a plastic hose fitting to place in the hole, (see the
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picture on the next page).
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It is possible to coat the tray with a plastic flberglass resin,
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but I have found through experience that it is a lot easier to
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line the tray with a vinyl plastic cloth.
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For the nutrient reservoir, an exact replica of the growing
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tray can be made. It is also possible to use a plastic jug or
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container. A plastic garbage can makes a 800d nutrient
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reservoir. (A kit to build a 12in x 36in x 8in hydroponic unit is
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available from Indoor Garden Supply Co. in the back of the
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book.)
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diagram of big weed in toilet with pump...
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Now, the one you have been waiting for. An old toilet will
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work for a hydroponic garden.
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To make the toilet work, you will need a pump. If you have
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a drill motor, a "Flotec" pump can be used in conjunction
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with it. This pump costs about $6.00
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A water-tight box will have to be constructed to catch the
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nutrient solution once it has been flushed through the
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growing medium. You can use 2n x 4n lumber and plywood
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coated with asphalt emulsion, or epoxy marine paint to
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build the tanks.
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To feed the piants, simply flush the toilet and turn the
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pump on. Do this four times a day for best results.
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CHAPTER 4 - LIGHTING
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Lighting is a major part of the indoor hydroponic garden. It
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can determine the rate of growth, the sex, and potency of
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your plants. Without good light, most plants cannot complete
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the process known as photosynthesis. In this process, a plant
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makes carbohydrates (simple sugars) from carbon dioxide
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and water utilizing the energy from light. A waste product
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from this process is oxygen. When a plant is receiving only a
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portion of the light it needs, photosynthesis is impaired. The
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result can be slow growth rate, low potency, and a plant that
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is susceptible to insects and disease.
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When growing plants outside, they may receive any-
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where from 600 to 15,000 footcandles of light depending
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on the weather. A plant grown indoors underartificial lighting
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will receive anywhere from 500 to 1,800 footcandles of light
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|
depending on the type, quantity, and size of plant li~t
|
|
used. (See chart below).
|
|
|
|
It is obvious that you would obtain better results growing
|
|
plants outdoors because of the lighting difference. but unless
|
|
you have a secluded spot to grow them in, I wouldn't
|
|
suggest it.
|
|
|
|
Excellent results have been obtained growing plants in-
|
|
doors using artificial lights. There are also many advan-
|
|
tages to growing plants indoors; the entire growing environ-
|
|
ment can be completely controlled. Insects and disease
|
|
nonexistent; and the temperature and humidity are easily
|
|
adjusted to the plants needs. Best of all, you can grow your
|
|
favorite plant in the privacy of your own home!
|
|
|
|
|
|
Measurement in Footcandles Received by a Plant
|
|
Under Artificial Lighting
|
|
|
|
Distance Two lamps Four lamps
|
|
from lamps used for Used for Four lamps
|
|
(inches) 200 hours 200 hours New
|
|
|
|
1 1100 1600 1800
|
|
2 860 1400 1600
|
|
3 680 1300 1400
|
|
4 570 1100 1260
|
|
5 500 940 1150
|
|
6 420 820 1000
|
|
7 360 720 900
|
|
8 330 660 830
|
|
9 300 600 780
|
|
10 280 560 720
|
|
11 260 510 660
|
|
12 240 480 600
|
|
18 130 320 420
|
|
24 100 190 260
|
|
|
|
|
|
*Footcandle is a measurement used to rate the amount of radiant enery
|
|
an object may receive from a light source. One footcandle is the amount of
|
|
visible light falling on one square foot located one foot away from one
|
|
candle. You might want to read that again but it doesn't really matter if you
|
|
understand it. All you need to know is that the more footcandles a plants
|
|
receiving the better.
|
|
|
|
The Length of Light Per Day
|
|
Determines Flower Production
|
|
|
|
The length and amount of light a plant receives per day
|
|
plays a large part in determining maturity and potency.
|
|
When growing plants indoors under artificial lighting. you
|
|
can control the length and intensity of the day and night
|
|
period.
|
|
|
|
Marijuana plants produce resins to keep its leaves moist in
|
|
times of drought. As the plant becomes older its capabilities
|
|
for producing resin increases. The resin content is at its
|
|
highest when the plant is producing seed.
|
|
|
|
Keeping these factors in mind, it would be best to prolong
|
|
the flowering process for as long as possible, and to harvest
|
|
just before pollination. A daylight period of about 18 hours
|
|
light and 6 hours dark will produce a flowering plant in
|
|
approximately flve months. An increase of the dark period.
|
|
and a decrease of light will start the flowering process. so
|
|
keep the day and night time constant, a timer should be used
|
|
on the lights.
|
|
|
|
It is important to use sufficient lighting for the indoor hydro-
|
|
ponic garden. It is a major factor in growing a superior crop.
|
|
Use very high output fluorescent lamps, or low watt metal-
|
|
arc lamps for the best results. When using standard output
|
|
fluorescent lighting use a minimum of two lamps, three and
|
|
four are even better.
|
|
|
|
To assure good light distribution, paint the walls white or
|
|
line them with aluminum foil.
|
|
|
|
Plant Lights
|
|
|
|
There are lights on the market made especially for plant
|
|
growth. The most commonly used are the fluorescent types
|
|
because of the color range emitted. The low heat, and the
|
|
small amount of electricity used make these economical.
|
|
These lamps put out, along with other colors, red and blue
|
|
light. Scientists have found that plants need these colors to
|
|
complete the photosynthesis process. Gro-Lux, Dura-Lite,
|
|
and Vita-Light are some of the most commonly used plant
|
|
lights.
|
|
|
|
Uslng Cool White Lamps as Plant Lights
|
|
|
|
Good results have been obtained with the use of fluores-
|
|
cent cool white lamps. Even though they are low in the red
|
|
and far red light range, your plants will grow well under this
|
|
type of lamp. They are a little cheaper than the plant lights on
|
|
the market but are not specifically formulated for plant
|
|
growth. Some growers swear by them; personally, I feel that
|
|
the Gro-Lux plant light is superior.
|
|
|
|
Light Distance from the Plants
|
|
|
|
If you look at the table on page 31, you will notice that the
|
|
amount of light the plant will receive depends on the dis-
|
|
tance from the light source. Placing a plant under a Gro-Lux
|
|
lamp about one inch from the bulb will give the plant
|
|
approximately 1,100 footcandles of light. Moving the lamps
|
|
further from the plants will reduce this amount. It is important-
|
|
that you keep the fluorescent light source close to the plants
|
|
at all times. Caution should be taken to keep the leaves from
|
|
touching the lamps since burning may result.
|
|
|
|
How many lamps should one use for the hydroponic
|
|
garden? Since light is a major element in plant growth, your
|
|
plants will grow according to the amount of light they re-
|
|
ceive. Studies on light output of fluorescent lamps show that
|
|
using four lamps rather than two will almost double the
|
|
amount of footcandles a plant will receive. The more light the
|
|
plant receives, the more vigorous its growth. Be sure to give
|
|
your plants sufficient lighting; they will love you for it.
|
|
|
|
Grow-Lux Plant Lights
|
|
|
|
The Gro-Lux light made by the Sylvania Company comes
|
|
in sizes 12 to 96 inches and will fit a standard fluorescent flx-
|
|
ture. There are two types of Gro-Lux lights; the standard and
|
|
wide spectrum. The difference is in the amount of light they
|
|
put out in the red and blue light spectrums. Standard (,ro-l,ux
|
|
lamps put out 27.07% blue and 39.55% red, while the wide
|
|
spectrum Gro Lux put out 14.29% blue and 21.78% red. Blue
|
|
light will promote foliage and red light will promote stem
|
|
growth, and flower production. A combination of standards
|
|
and wide spectrum lights will work. You will have better results
|
|
using all standard Gro-Lux lamps.
|
|
|
|
The standard and wide spectrum Gro-Lux lamps come in
|
|
three intensities; regular output, high output, and very high
|
|
output, each needing a different output fixture and ballast.
|
|
The very high output is the best of the three but is also the
|
|
most expensive.
|
|
|
|
You can see a difference in the rate of growth and potency
|
|
when growing plants under a VHO lamp and fixture. It
|
|
makes sense that the closer you get to simulating the light
|
|
intensity of the sun, the better the results will be.
|
|
|
|
Incandescent Plant Lights
|
|
|
|
Within the last few years the large light manufacturers
|
|
have come out with an incandescent light made especiallv
|
|
for use in growing plants. Even though they are superior to
|
|
the standard incandescent light we use in our homes, they
|
|
can't yield the results obtained wlth a fluorescent lamp. The
|
|
light emitted from an incandescent lamp is in the red and far
|
|
red side of the light spectrum, but is very low in the blue
|
|
|
|
|
|
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!table goes here!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Energy Emission in Arbitrary Color Bands
|
|
40 Watt Flourescent Lamps
|
|
(In Watts and Percent of Total Emission)
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
range. since plants utilize red light in the production of
|
|
flowers, the incandescent lamp makes a good supplemental
|
|
lighting source to use when you want the plants to bloom.
|
|
|
|
When using an incandescent lamp, it is important to hang
|
|
it at least two feet from the plants because of the heat
|
|
radiated from it. Also, it would be wise to use a porcelain fix
|
|
ture because it can take the higher heat involved.
|
|
|
|
Metalarc Lamps
|
|
|
|
With the invention of the metalarc lamp. it is now possible
|
|
to use these high intensity lights for plant growth. With
|
|
mercury and sodium vapor lamps there was a problem with
|
|
the spectrum of light they emitted. Metalarc lamps have
|
|
excellent color retention, and work very well for growing
|
|
plants. The average life for the metalarc when used 18 hours
|
|
a day is about 9,000 hours. It should be hung in a vertical
|
|
position (this is important to make it work properly), about 36in
|
|
from the plants. Heat can sometimes become a problem,
|
|
but with a remote ballast it can be alleviated. The two sizes
|
|
used most often are the 400 watt and 1,000 watt. The best
|
|
results have been obtained using the 1,000 watt lamp and
|
|
fixture.
|
|
|
|
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!TABLES GOES HERE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
|
|
|
|
Incandescent Plant Light--Footcandles..etc
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ground the Light Fixture
|
|
|
|
Since hydroponics is growing plants in a liquid solution. it
|
|
is very important to electrically ground the lighting fixtures.
|
|
(Especially the metalarc type.) This can be easily done by
|
|
connecting a wire from anywhere on the fixture to a cold
|
|
water pipe or a metal rod stuck into the ground. Some
|
|
buildings have three prong recepticles that are connected to
|
|
ground. If so, obtain a plug to flt this type of recepticle
|
|
and ground the fixture accordingly. If you don't know what
|
|
you are doing when it comes to wiring, ask someone who
|
|
does to help you. By grounding the fixture you are protecting
|
|
yourself from any chance of electric shock.
|
|
|
|
Hanglng Your Lights
|
|
|
|
It is best to hang the lamps from the ceiling on pulleys,
|
|
because they are easily raised and lowered. I have seen
|
|
plants grow up to four inches in a 24 hour period chances
|
|
are that you will have to raise the lights everyday once the
|
|
plants have established themselves hydroponically.
|
|
|
|
Life Expectancy
|
|
|
|
Fluorescent lamps last 6 to lo times longer than the incan-
|
|
descent type. The life expectancy of a fluorescent plant light
|
|
is approximately 12,000 hours. It is a good idea to change the
|
|
lamp after about 10,000 hours, because they may lose up to
|
|
45% effective light after that. If this isn't done, the plant may
|
|
suffer from the lack of light.
|
|
|
|
Lighting Efficiency
|
|
|
|
The most efficient part of a fluorescent light is the middle
|
|
third. The light output gets a little weaker towards the ends of
|
|
the bulb. So, save the center for your favorite plant.
|
|
|
|
Lighting Costs
|
|
|
|
The cost of running an eight foot double fluorescent fixture
|
|
for 18 hours a day for one month will be approximately $2.70.
|
|
This figure depends on the price of electricity in your area,
|
|
and was based on a rate of 3 cents per killowatt hour.
|
|
|
|
To increase the efficiency of the growing room, paint the
|
|
walls white or line them with foil. This will increase the
|
|
amount of light reflected back to the plants.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHAPTER 5 - NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS
|
|
|
|
|
|
One advantage to hydroponic gardening is the ability to
|
|
control the nutrients available to the plant. Marijuana like
|
|
most plants need the three basic elements -- nitrogen,
|
|
phosphorus, and potassium -- along with trace elements,
|
|
iron, manganese, copper. zinc, boron, and molybdenum.
|
|
Although no studies per se have been made on the require-
|
|
ments of marijuana for highest potency, it is close to the
|
|
requirements for growing hops.
|
|
|
|
In the early stages of growth, marijuana needs a high
|
|
amount of nitrogen and potassium and not so much cal-
|
|
cium. In later life, the amount of calcium should be increased.
|
|
During the last couple of months the nitrogen should be
|
|
decreased along with the potassium and calcium to promote
|
|
resin production.
|
|
|
|
Almost any commercial fertilizer can be used in hydro-
|
|
ponics as long as it contains all of the necessary elements.
|
|
Many people mix up their own nutrients to suit the plant's
|
|
needs. There are, however, many good commercial plant
|
|
nutrients on the market that have a guaranteed analysis.
|
|
|
|
If you wish to mix your own, Sudbury XYZ elements can
|
|
be used. Excellent results have been obtained with ECO-
|
|
Grow. It is far superior to most other nutrients on the market
|
|
Nitrogen
|
|
|
|
This element is quite important in the makeup of the
|
|
nutrient solution. Plants use large quantities of nitrogen in
|
|
the production of proteins and in chlorophyll development.
|
|
During the plant's early life the demand for this element is
|
|
high. As the plant matures and begins to produce seed, the
|
|
need for nitrogen is less. In excess amounts, the plant will
|
|
grow lush green foliage with soft sappy stems. It can also
|
|
slow down the metabolism of the plant and thus slow down
|
|
the flower process.
|
|
|
|
A deficiency of nitrogen may produce a slow-growing,
|
|
secrabon also
|
|
llent oooo thhhhhhhour own, oduuuuuuuuunitudbrl of ts of pncrcy ofed ts.
|
|
Mageniutitof theouire-
|
|
ments o.
|
|
MDur
|
|
|
|
|
|
n!TABLast 6 to l, ihe li lih willlong wownast c Efs
|
|
and
|
|
fixnna day fo-
|
|
pn pshe life expectancy o
|
|
MDurs v,c elements --e produce a slh
|
|
anng h andw down
|
|
tL The.pulleys,
|
|
ts n!TABLalant
|
|
o mutenmostr owNbe aave the centee tSmonth he
|
|
epenlant'sats tur acomlow-Ar owNbe ah wgen
|
|
|
|
Life Exed t of proteis. fecrabon also
|
|
lle5 of ts of pncrcy of sloalso
|
|
ss vts n!TABof ts appoe seed,mlog2u t of n.
|
|
,uir-ndncy o
|
|
MDurao
|
|
s can of n.-ndt
|
|
o ,s based onoowNe e
|
|
(prowely 0the p:Nbebe the center tos
|
|
hicstos
|
|
hiclight groy prodscned td e tS ts ooe seed,mlog2u t owinrodet
|
|
rescenuwinrroteis. feu!TAn pMage t'sats tur goois f own,eo
|
|
ssowNe ium sedm
|
|
feu!Tou ar e
|
|
.�s oes theon thetheidemd of
|
|
, mIlem lie tupe pnt results hav�ess.as oes wil, mIowely the ts ooAgaeon thetheideereg wowgaeonrSt.
|
|
|
|
Lecy orsn a u ttheipncrcy conl!TAn pMpCs t fromd ofl odly ths.
|
|
ter gors*st
|
|
o33es wilNbe aaH in
|
|
cligiheidemd o!Tour gooisy conlc acomlet ors agcenu. As thhe xslsh Manymatures andcenultriebkwNbiws, ancy orsn�l3be ah wglshdecreps can aH in
|
|
clslsh ManyGwn, Sudbcy, itmyoukdum -- lsh sNe ey orsn SudbczuaraSt.Tstmyoukar higed ent otrog
|
|
Almosoisudbise t Sugly e a4xnna day fo-
|
|
p
|
|
menr>maturesur hebebPlan
|
|
.�
|
|
secLalant
|
|
o mutenmostr or thakczualed odugd ens
|
|
a6m'sate tos
|
|
tris wil, mrepss basl odly-- lt oGil,bczuare nidecu t of n. oduuuuuuuncrcy
|
|
ss.
|
|
|
|
A deficiencyfeup oecu tvm liw-grsolodsbdenuvares whFhetheidemd of
|
|
rabowexture
|
|
for 1d oandcenultriebkwNbiws, ults odts app wgen thmatheider hrroy o4�.f
|
|
rt oday, mnyGwn,fsheider n. odu
|
|
a6ost anI.T slrott ot
|
|
rt oideny good pcfsheider
|
|
neen
|
|
lry, e le a4xnna day fo-
|
|
psby stemudb
|
|
n� a4xJ�, i oppt oree tSacom
|
|
wilIle fo-
|
|
psby ste�extlybo ooe seed,mmeup reps can aH in
|
|
clslsh ManyGwnof cali. h amd ofcU to most oty
|
|
clOhebebPatur oe slsot
|
|
r.pulle itmoi-
|
|
psin
|
|
c oes wiln alsp
|
|
day of �owex ofmany ManyGwnogreenn. PltJ�,ebP(lsot
|
|
guvares crcy
|
|
i-
|
|
pJ�,ebP(ls
|
|
nu.�
|
|
snotguvares crcy
|
|
ncrthisur 0 wo�leowere
|
|
thmr higed li lireficf tslow down
|
|
the flower process.
|
|
|
|
A
|
|
nebPVn
|
|
c oceo
|
|
ssoinrop
|
|
dManyGwnof cl7nmmr o�l-vnukdum otgutS flower proor 1d oandcenultriebkwN thducmp
|
|
dMtriebur oelif ws a otgutS fla
|
|
Mageniutitof theouiBllong iowerns wer proceo
|
|
ssoinrop
|
|
dMan
|
|
ss'ybo anI.softsbP(nebPVn
|
|
er p`dsed. Elj� a4xJnmooin,a3 aned. Es ofed to�loisuu
|
|
.�s oesamr oduo muten
|
|
goois fGwnogrdsbr to�is clo ioworsn�l3be ah wgaxr oMan
|
|
ssvsedtS ln 8s-grn
|
|
er p`dsedp
|
|
dp`dNManliheid solut�,ebathn tsupTemelargeclsls�
|
|
snNS beer o dpr
|
|
|
|
es crcyurao
|
|
duo mutglsisuu
|
|
he , oest
|
|
o mutenmogy-- lalso
|
|
�longlp`dNa.otttntaineentsclsup ret�l3bedsemlotttdtsf,geniutitof, anneedcalir niBelaee tSacop.J
|
|
guvfo-cf tslow dltennl!Tntainee0d bfp�meup r e tls�heider n. odu
|
|
a6ost anI.T slrott ot
|
|
rt oideny goody the odlln exc ultsnee
|
|
o dor thakc,,soien obtcmp
|
|
fowe r thakcotguThere lodsn
|
|
erar hi5rowe btcmp
|
|
f uinna day fo-gaxr oMan
|
|
ssvniv1e bs wsh I.T slrah wgexcess a Genln 8s-n8 fo-gadc sedm
|
|
ors� a4tw gooofmany !Tnpnts ngoof
|
|
oduce
|
|
r oesowe r thakcotguThere lodsn
|
|
erar hi5rowe btcmp
|
|
f lopage cuu
|
|
.nlnd pro�, 1e bsr
|
|
Life Exedo�leup owst wowrt cmp
|
|
f lopotguvlors� wgee proda oebP(m -
|
|
er wNe eAiebur oelif wscmpniunhe mak oejur n�s ors agwscmpniunhe mak oejur n�s ors agwscmpniunhe n�riheic
|
|
bsrinee,ui wge based isy cooYuubsr
|
|
Life ge cuu
|
|
fo-ebur ,duce a ldeny gooubssp
|
|
fnukd
|
|
largecxceNoubsspuce a ldeny gooubssp
|
|
fnukd
|
|
if owrt cmp
|
|
f lopotguk oeju a o(lsf tslsr
|
|
Life gc ubsspuceo mutntsc��s oroodly- wge bbssp
|
|
nuwwNe ium sedm
|
|
feuoubur n�sife � li,- wt isy conrsspvuniu5 thnd pe amukd
|
|
if potguifenogthakc4snrten
|
|
fevecxn
|
|
f6ooo n
|
|
f;t isy copotlih sNtlih sNtlo-grroybo aakc,,ss7ght 8lih sdayonrs li,HFbased onoowNl�ol sloaw dopuc aat cFbasa ots agwscmp r tvecx iu4xnssp
|
|
foron.
|
|
tguTherelif potgosbts agwsccnoon4�olNrRe!if scmltsnc
|
|
ece E iu5oa6ong w
|
|
ece E eree prcmlt fo�longlp-- lt oGil,bczabased aunhe
|
|
e
|
|
e
|
|
e
|
|
cmped � 8lubsse E cciency �longlp-il,bcz
|
|
giIeth
|
|
e
|
|
e
|
|
e
|
|
|
|
|
|
if powst .gwscmE ccienb
|
|
mpniunhe mha,ducwrt cmp
|
|
f lOe
|
|
e
|
|
cmped �nneedcala.Goaw d
|
|
e
|
|
|
|
ei wgep
|
|
foron
|
|
f l�sife)rcy ofvares)e
|
|
ei wgep
|
|
rodsorogronuei wgessvnmd ofcU to most orn 8i wgessvnm�p
|
|
nooepmuunhe mak oejur n�s ors agwscmpniuih seaed b mak o.
|
|
tsh I.Tfo-eyit ohcuu
|
|
i �simosce a ldenit oue a ldgooubss odcmE ccit E cciency �lon 1exlsHdgood pe u
|
|
|
|
E cci,Sfe)rcymerTfo-m -
|
|
er wNe�bif p ccicmp
|
|
f lopy copot4eedcalulAaAe seed,mmeu ld ccicmrsn5 goltsgronuei e c-orn m -
|
|
er wNe�bi �lonwo
|
|
duo acmped li r odowe(gee
|
|
ssoinrop
|
|
dMAagwscdenroybo n 1exlge bfo-mli aclopotguklec�loscdenrNfp
|
|
sot� tslsruu
|
|
exlspvuvnmd o�simo meup reccit4eedcay ofvtrt o m(gee
|
|
ssowNe�bt4eoeju arn m -
|
|
6osiedcas� a48inna d d
|
|
1so-ebum�m(gee
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